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GROUP PRODUCTION REPORT FOR THE FOURTH QUARTER

28th Jan 2021 07:00

RNS Number : 1261N
KAZ Minerals PLC
28 January 2021
 

 

28 January 2021

 

 

KAZ MINERALS GROUP Production Report for twelve months

and THE fourth QUARTER Ended 31 december 2020

 

 

l Full year copper production1 of 305.7 kt (FY 2019: 311.4 kt), 2% above guidance range with strong performance at all divisions

§ Copper sales of 300.4 kt (FY 2019: 316.9 kt). Sales were below production volumes due to year end shipment delays at Kazakhstan-China border

§ Q4 copper production1 of 75.7 kt (Q3 2020: 76.2 kt) with scheduled maintenance completed efficiently

§ Full year gold production2 of 196.3 koz (FY 2019: 201.5 koz) supported gold sales of 204.6 koz (FY 2019: 225.0 koz). December production impacted by low grade and recovery at Bozshakol and suspension of Bozymchak, however sales exceeded production following release of inventory

l Aktogay

§ Full year copper production1 of 131.2 kt (FY 2019: 145.7 kt) exceeded guidance of 120-130 kt

§ Q4 copper production1 in line with previous quarter at 31.9 kt (Q3 2020: 31.7 kt) as higher sulphide ore throughput was offset by seasonally lower oxide output

l Bozshakol

§ Full year copper production2 increased by 11% to 122.0 kt (FY 2019: 110.2 kt), above guidance of 110-120 kt supported by higher average grades and ore throughput

§ Copper production2 in Q4 of 31.3 kt (Q3 2020: 30.3 kt) as higher grades more than offset lower throughput due to scheduled maintenance

§ Gold production2 in 2020 of 151.7 koz (FY 2019: 144.8 koz) above guidance of 140-150 koz due to increased ore processing

§ Q4 gold production2 decreased to 31.4 koz (Q3 2020: 37.0 koz) impacted by scheduled maintenance, lower than expected grades and associated recovery rates

l East Region and Bozymchak

§ Full year copper production2 of 52.5 kt (FY 2019: 55.5 kt) above guidance of c.50 kt

§ Q4 copper production2 decreased by 12% to 12.5 kt (Q3 2020: 14.2 kt) mainly due to the temporary suspension of operations at Bozymchak in the quarter

§ Full year by-product output in line with guidance with gold production2 of 44.0 koz (FY 2019: 53.7 koz), silver production2 of 1,946 koz (FY 2019: 2,024 koz) and zinc in concentrate output of 49.7 kt (FY 2019: 38.3 kt)

§ Bozymchak mine restarted operations on 26 December after a temporary suspension from 7 October following political instability in Kyrgyzstan

l Covid-19

§ Ensuring the safety, health and wellbeing of employees and contractors is the Group's first priority

§ Comprehensive measures, including testing and isolation, remain in place to protect staff and mitigate the risk of disruption to operations

§ These measures ensured that there was no major impact to the Group's operations in Q4 resulting from Covid-19, other than minor delays to shipments to and from China

 

Group production summary3

12m 2020

12m

2019

Q4 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2019

Copper production1

kt

305.7

311.4

75.7

 76.2

80.9

Aktogay

kt

131.2

145.7

31.9

 31.7

34.3

Bozshakol

kt

122.0

110.2

31.3

 30.3

31.0

East Region & Bozymchak

kt

52.5

55.5

12.5

 14.2

15.6

Gold production2

koz

196.3

201.5

35.9

 50.7

55.3

Silver production2

koz

3,374

3,382

732

 901

886

Zinc in concentrate

kt

49.7

38.3

10.2

 15.7

9.4

1 Payable metal in concentrate and copper cathode from Aktogay oxide ore.

2 Payable metal in concentrate.

3 See appendix for metal production by asset.

 

Andrew Southam, Chief Executive Officer, said: "In the face of challenges posed by Covid-19 we took steps to protect our staff and operations and I am proud of the Group's performance in such difficult circumstances. KAZ Minerals delivered strong production in the fourth quarter and achieved record sulphide ore processing volumes of 59.2 million tonnes in 2020, supporting copper production of 306 kt which was above the 2020 guidance range."

 

For further information please contact:

 

KAZ Minerals PLC

Chris Bucknall

Investor Relations, London

Tel: +44 20 7901 7882

Anna Mallere

Investor Relations, London

Tel: +44 20 7901 7814

Maksut Zhapabayev

Corporate Communications, Almaty

Tel: +7 727 244 03 53

Brunswick Group

Carole Cable, Charlie Pretzlik

Tel: +44 20 7404 5959

 

REGISTERED OFFICE

6th Floor, Cardinal Place, 100 Victoria Street, London SW1E 5JL, United Kingdom.

NOTES TO EDITORS

KAZ Minerals PLC ("KAZ Minerals" or "the Group") is a high growth copper company focused on large scale, low cost, open pit mining in Kazakhstan, Russia and Kyrgyzstan. It operates the Aktogay and Bozshakol open pit copper mines in the East Region and Pavlodar region of Kazakhstan, three underground mines and associated concentrators in the East Region of Kazakhstan and the Bozymchak copper-gold mine in Kyrgyzstan. In 2020, total copper production was 306 kt with by-products of 196 koz of gold, 3,374 koz of silver and 50 kt of zinc in concentrate. The Group acquired the Baimskaya project in the Chukotka region of Russia in January 2019, one of the world's most significant undeveloped copper assets, with the potential to become a large scale, low cost, open pit copper mine.

The Group's major operations at Aktogay and Bozshakol have delivered industry leading production growth and transformed KAZ Minerals into a company dominated by world class, open pit copper mines.

Aktogay is a large scale, open pit mine with a remaining mine life of around 25 years (including the expansion project) at an average copper grade of 0.35% (oxide) and 0.33% (sulphide). Aktogay commenced production of copper cathode from oxide ore in December 2015 and copper in concentrate from sulphide ore in February 2017. The operating sulphide concentrator has an annual ore processing capacity of 25 million tonnes and the sulphide processing capacity is expected to be doubled to 50 million tonnes with the addition of a second concentrator by the end of 2021. Aktogay is competitively positioned on the global cost curve and is expected to produce an average of 100 kt of copper per year from sulphide ore until 2021, increasing to 170 kt per year from 2022 to 2027, after the second concentrator commences operations. Copper production from oxide ore is expected to be in the region of 20 kt per annum until 2024.

Bozshakol is a first quartile asset on the global cost curve with an annual ore processing capacity of 30 million tonnes and a remaining mine life of c.40 years at an average copper grade of 0.36%. The mine and processing facilities commenced output in 2016 and is expected to produce an average of 100 kt of copper production and 120 koz of gold in concentrate per year over the first 10 years of operations.

The Peschanka deposit within the Baimskaya licence area in Russia has JORC measured, indicated and inferred resources of 9.5 Mt of copper at an average grade of 0.43% and 16.5 Moz of gold at an average grade of 0.23 g/t. The project is located in a region identified by the Russian Government as strategically important for economic development and is expected to benefit from the construction of some state-funded power and transport infrastructure and the provision of tax incentives. The estimated capital budget for construction is close to $8 billion.

KAZ Minerals is listed on the London Stock Exchange and the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange and employs around 16,000 people, principally in Kazakhstan.

 

AKTOGAY

 

12m 2020

12m

2019

Q4 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2019

Ore extraction

kt

41,246

55,134

12,513

 9,059

 16,035

Oxide

kt

10,458

 19,403

5,427

 1,360

 5,598

Sulphide

kt

30,788

 35,731

7,086

 7,699

 10,437

Oxide

Oxide ore to leach pads

kt

10,577

 19,284

5,427

 1,360

 5,480

Grade

%

0.28

 0.32

0.26

 0.32

 0.29

Copper cathode

kt

21.3

 22.7

4.6

 5.2

 4.2

Sulphide

Sulphide ore processed

kt

24,138

 25,230

6,057

 5,737

 6,378

Average grade processed

%

0.56

 0.58

0.56

 0.56

 0.57

Recovery rate

%

85.0

 88.0

84.6

 86.1

 87.0

Copper in concentrate

kt

115.1

 128.8

28.6

 27.8

 31.6

Copper production1

kt

109.9

 123.0

27.3

 26.5

 30.1

Total copper production

kt

131.2

145.7

31.9

 31.7

34.3

Gold production1, 2

koz

0.6

 3.0

-

 -

 0.6

Silver production1

koz

479

 555

121

 112

 139

1 Payable metal in concentrate.

2 Minimal volume recovered from Aktogay material.

 

Ore extraction in Q4 was 38% higher at 12,513 kt (Q3 2020: 9,059 kt) as oxide ore volumes increased following the recommencement of oxide mining in September with 5,427 kt extracted in Q4 (Q3 2020: 1,360 kt). Sulphide ore extraction of 7,086 kt was 8% lower than the previous quarter (Q3 2020: 7,699 kt) but continued to exceed sulphide concentrator throughput volumes as lower grade material was stockpiled during the quarter.

Q4 sulphide ore processing volumes increased to 6,057 kt (Q3 2020: 5,737 kt) as maintenance was completed efficiently during the period. The average grade of sulphide ore processed in Q4 of 0.56% was in line with the previous quarter (Q3 2020: 0.56%) and slightly higher than expected. The average copper recovery rate reduced to 84.6% (Q3 2020: 86.1%) due to a temporary variation in the ore feed blend in the fourth quarter. Copper production from sulphide ore of 27.3 kt was 3% higher compared to the previous quarter (Q3 2020: 26.5 kt) mainly due to the 6% increase in processing volumes, offset by the lower average recovery rate.

Copper cathode production from oxide ore reduced, as expected, to 4.6 kt in Q4 from 5.2 kt in Q3 2020 due to seasonal temperature variation.

Ore extraction over the full year reduced by 25% to 41,246 kt (FY 2019: 55,134 kt), mainly driven by the temporary suspension of oxide ore mining in Q2 and Q3, due to cathode production focusing on the re-irrigation of previously extracted material. Sulphide ore extraction of 30,788 kt (FY 2019: 35,731 kt) continued to exceed the processing capacity of 25 Mtpa as mine development works and stockpiling were undertaken ahead of the commissioning of the Aktogay expansion project.

Full year sulphide processing volumes reduced by 4% to 24,138 kt (FY 2019: 25,230 kt) mainly due to the timing of maintenance at the sulphide plant where a mill relining postponed from Q4 2019 was completed in January 2020, followed by two further relinings over the remainder of the year. The average copper grade processed in 2020 reduced, as expected, to 0.56% (FY 2019: 0.58%) but remained at elevated levels compared to the copper resource grade of 0.33%.

Full year copper production from sulphide ore of 109.9 kt was at the upper end of guidance but 11% below the 123.0 kt produced in 2019 due to the 4% decrease in ore throughput in combination with lower grades and recoveries. Copper cathode output from oxide ore in 2020 reduced by 6% to 21.3 kt from 22.7 kt in the prior year but remained above the long term guidance level of c.20 ktpa until 2024. Aktogay achieved total copper production of 131.2 kt in 2020, compared to full year guidance of 120-130 kt, supported by higher than expected grades.

 

 

BOZSHAKOL

 

12m 2020

12m

2019

Q4

2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2019

Ore extraction

kt

32,090

 35,693

9,833

 7,995

 9,059

Sulphide

kt

26,556

 24,797

6,824

 6,486

 6,855

Clay

kt

5,534

 10,896

3,009

 1,509

 2,204

Ore processed

kt

31,618

29,470

7,867

 8,116

7,844

Copper

Average copper grade processed

%

0.51

 0.48

0.52

 0.49

 0.52

Copper recovery rate

%

79.7

 81.1

79.6

 79.0

 79.3

Copper in concentrate

kt

127.8

 115.4

32.8

 31.7

 32.5

Copper production1

kt

122.0

 110.2

31.3

 30.3

 31.0

Gold

Average gold grade processed

g/t

0.26

 0.27

0.24

 0.25

 0.30

Gold recovery rate

%

60.3

 60.3

56.0

 60.5

 60.0

Gold in concentrate

koz

162.2

 154.9

33.5

 39.6

 44.7

Gold production1

koz

151.7

 144.8

31.4

 37.0

 41.8

Silver production1

koz

949

803

249

 235

236

1 Payable metal in concentrate.

 

Ore extraction of 9,833 kt in Q4 was 23% above the previous quarter (Q3 2020: 7,995 kt). Sulphide ore extraction increased by 5% to 6,824 kt (Q3 2020: 6,486 kt) in line with the requirements of the main concentrator. Clay ore extraction of 3,009 kt (Q3 2020: 1,509 kt) exceeded the rate required to supply the clay plant as ore was stripped to allow access to sulphide material.

Ore processing volumes in Q4 reduced, as expected, to 7,867 kt (Q3 2020: 8,116 kt) due to scheduled mill relinings at both concentrators which were completed in October.

The average copper grade processed in Q4 increased to 0.52% (Q3 2020: 0.49%) with an average of 0.51% in sulphide ore and 0.61% in clay ore, as higher grade stockpiled ore was blended into the ore feed. Copper production increased to 31.3 kt in Q4 (Q3 2020: 30.3 kt) as the higher average copper grade was partially offset by lower ore throughput.

Gold production in Q4 decreased by 15% to 31.4 koz (Q3 2020: 37.0 koz) due to the lower volume of ore processed, average grades of 0.24 g/t (Q3 2020: 0.25 g/t) and a low recovery rate of 56.0% (Q3 2020: 60.5%). Average gold recovery rates were temporarily impacted towards the end of the year by high sulphur content in the main concentrator feed and the processing of some oxidised ore at the clay plant.

Ore extraction in 2020 decreased to 32,090 kt compared to 35,693 kt in 2019 when 5,865 kt of clay ore was stockpiled to access sulphide ore areas. Ore extraction volumes in 2020 were broadly in line with processing volumes.

Full year ore processing volumes increased to 31,618 kt (FY 2019: 29,470 kt) mainly due to additional volumes processed at the clay plant which was closed for over three months in the first half of 2019 during upgrade works to the process water and reclaim systems. Ore processed volumes in 2020 were above combined plants' design ore throughput of c.30 Mtpa.

Full year copper production of 122.0 kt was above guidance of 110-120 kt and 11% higher than the prior year (FY 2019: 110.2 kt) due to the higher volume of ore processed and stronger average copper grades, partially offset by lower recovery rates.

Gold production in 2020 of 151.7 koz was 5% above the prior year (FY 2019: 144.8 koz) and ahead of guidance of 140-150 koz due to the higher volume of ore processed, partially offset by lower average gold grades.

Full year silver production of 949 koz was ahead of guidance of c.700 koz and 18% higher than the prior year (FY 2019: 803 koz).

 

 

EAST REGION & BOZYMCHAK

 

12m 2020

12m

2019

Q4 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2019

Ore extraction

kt

3,753

3,879

690

997

958

Ore processed

kt

3,466

3,791

705

976

1,016

Copper

Average grade processed

%

1.78

 1.71

2.07

 1.73

 1.78

Orlovsky concentrator

%

3.19

 3.05

3.26

 3.31

 3.34

Nikolayevsky concentrator

%

1.50

 1.54

1.54

 1.53

 1.51

Belousovsky concentrator

%

-

 1.38

-

 -

 1.55

Bozymchak concentrator

%

0.76

 0.82

0.82

 0.75

 0.79

Average recovery rate

%

90.0

 90.4

91.0

 89.1

 90.9

East Region

%

90.2

 90.8

91.0

 89.4

 91.2

Bozymchak

%

87.9

 87.7

89.5

 87.4

 88.4

Copper in concentrate

kt

55.5

 58.7

13.2

 15.1

 16.4

Orlovsky concentrator

kt

26.4

 26.8

6.8

 6.6

 7.6

Nikolayevsky concentrator

kt

23.7

 18.7

6.1

 6.7

 6.5

Belousovsky concentrator

kt

-

 5.9

-

 -

 0.6

Bozymchak concentrator

kt

5.4

 7.3

0.3

 1.8

 1.7

Copper production1

kt

52.5

 55.5

12.5

 14.2

 15.6

East Region

kt

47.4

 48.5

12.2

 12.6

 13.9

Bozymchak

kt

5.1

7.0

0.3

 1.6

 1.7

Gold production1

koz

44.0

53.7

4.5

 13.7

12.9

Silver production1

koz

1,946

2,024

362

 554

511

Zinc in concentrate

kt

49.7

38.3

10.2

 15.7

9.4

1 Payable metal in concentrate.

 

Ore extraction decreased to 690 kt in Q4 (Q3 2020: 997 kt) mainly due to the suspension of operations at the Bozymchak mine from 7 October to 26 December 2020 to ensure employee safety during a period of political instability in Kyrgyzstan.

Processing volumes in Q4 of 705 kt (Q3 2020: 976 kt) slightly exceeded mined volumes mainly due to the processing of stockpiled ore at the Nikolayevsky concentrator. Ore throughput at Nikolayevsky was lower than the previous quarter due to the commissioning of the new in-pit tailings facility during which time processing of ore from the Irtyshsky mine was temporarily halted.

The average copper grade of ore processed in Q4 increased to 2.07% (Q3 2020: 1.73%) mainly due to the processing of a reduced proportion of Bozymchak ore which has lower average copper grades compared with the East Region mines. Q4 copper production decreased by 12% to 12.5 kt (Q3 2020: 14.2 kt) mainly due to the temporary suspension of operations at Bozymchak as well as the transition to in-pit tailings at Nikolayevsky.

Full year ore extraction of 3,753 kt was 3% below the prior year (FY 2019: 3,879 kt) and ore processing volumes decreased by 9% to 3,466 kt (FY 2019: 3,791 kt) mainly due to the suspension of Bozymchak in the fourth quarter.

The average copper grade processed in 2020 increased to 1.78% (FY 2019: 1.71%) due to higher grades at Orlovsky and the reduction in processing volumes at Bozymchak where copper grades are lower.

Full year copper production of 52.5 kt was above guidance of c.50 kt but 5% lower than the previous year (FY 2019: 55.5 kt) mainly due to the temporary closure of Bozymchak.

Gold production decreased in Q4 to 4.5 koz (Q3 2020: 13.7 koz) due to the lost output from Bozymchak which contributed 10.2 koz of gold in Q3 2020. Full year gold production of 44.0 koz (FY 2019: 53.7 koz) was in line with guidance of 40-50 koz.

Silver output of 362 koz was 35% below the previous quarter (Q3 2020: 554 koz) due to the limited production from Bozymchak and lower average grades at East Region. Full year silver production of 1,946 koz (FY 2019: 2,024 koz) was in line with guidance of around 2,000 koz.

Zinc in concentrate production reduced in Q4 to 10.2 kt (Q3 2020: 15.7 kt) as mining took place in lower grade zinc areas in the Artemyevsky mine. Full year zinc in concentrate production of 49.7 kt was at the upper end of the guidance range of 45-50 kt.

 

 

APPENDIX - METAL PRODUCTION

 

12m 2020

12m

2019

Q4 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2019

Copper production1

kt

305.7

311.4

75.7

76.2

80.9

Aktogay

kt

131.2

145.7

31.9

31.7

34.3

Bozshakol

kt

122.0

110.2

31.3

30.3

31.0

East Region

kt

47.4

48.5

12.2

12.6

13.9

Bozymchak

kt

5.1

7.0

0.3

1.6

1.7

Gold production2

koz

196.3

201.5

35.9

50.7

55.3

Aktogay

koz

0.6

3.0

-

-

0.6

Bozshakol

koz

151.7

144.8

31.4

37.0

41.8

East Region

koz

13.5

12.9

3.0

3.5

3.5

Bozymchak

koz

30.5

40.8

1.5

10.2

9.4

Silver production2

koz

3,374

3,382

732

901

886

Aktogay

koz

479

555

121

112

139

Bozshakol

koz

949

803

249

235

236

East Region

koz

1,746

1,761

353

488

451

Bozymchak

koz

200

263

9

66

60

Zinc in concentrate

kt

49.7

38.3

10.2

15.7

9.4

East Region

kt

49.7

38.3

10.2

15.7

9.4

Molybdenum in concentrate

t

384

258

103

63

158

Aktogay

t

244

142

55

35

128

Bozshakol

t

140

116

48

28

30

1 Payable metal in concentrate and copper cathode from Aktogay oxide ore.

2 Payable metal in concentrate.

 

TOLL PROCESSING & FINISHED METALS

12m 2020

12m

2019

Q4 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2019

Copper cathodes

kt

128.4

132.2

27.0

32.4

30.8

Aktogay sulphide (toll processed)

kt

36.0

39.8

6.9

7.8

7.5

Aktogay oxide

kt

21.3

22.7

4.6

5.2

4.2

Bozshakol (toll processed)

kt

19.7

10.1

2.8

5.7

1.8

East Region (toll processed)

kt

45.3

52.4

11.5

12.0

15.3

Bozymchak (toll processed)

kt

6.1

7.2

1.2

1.7

2.0

Gold bar produced (toll processed)

koz

79.1

75.6

16.7

21.9

22.7

Silver bar produced (toll processed)

koz

2,254

2,492

592

587

772

 

 

APPENDIX - EAST REGION & BOZYMCHAK

 

12m 2020

12m

2019

Q4 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2019

Ore extraction

kt

3,753

3,879

690

997

958

Orlovsky

kt

932

969

233

228

249

Artemyevsky

kt

1,211

1,235

298

296

299

Irtyshsky

kt

524

594

128

130

145

Bozymchak

kt

1,086

1,081

31

343

265

Ore processed

kt

3,466

3,791

705

976

1,016

Orlovsky concentrator

kt

928

969

233

226

250

Nikolayevsky concentrator

kt

1,730

1,307

435

484

474

Belousovsky concentrator

kt

-

491

-

-

43

Bozymchak concentrator

kt

808

1,024

37

266

249

Gold

Average grade processed

 g/t

0.73

0.70

0.50

0.77

0.64

East Region

 g/t

0.49

0.38

0.44

0.48

0.36

Bozymchak

 g/t

1.50

1.57

1.57

1.54

1.49

Average recovery rate

%

57.9

66.7

43.2

60.1

65.9

East Region

%

34.4

40.2

34.8

33.3

42.4

Bozymchak

%

83.0

84.2

84.8

82.5

83.3

Gold in concentrate

koz

46.9

57.1

4.9

14.6

13.7

East Region

koz

14.4

13.6

3.3

3.7

3.7

Bozymchak

koz

32.5

43.5

1.6

10.9

10.0

Gold production1

koz

44.0

53.7

4.5

13.7

12.9

East Region

koz

13.5

12.9

3.0

3.5

3.5

Bozymchak

koz

30.5

40.8

1.5

10.2

9.4

Silver

Average grade processed

g/t

33.6

29.2

31.5

34.1

26.8

East Region

 g/t

40.7

35.9

32.7

43.0

32.4

Bozymchak

 g/t

10.1

11.2

9.7

10.2

9.7

Average recovery rate

%

57.1

62.5

55.7

56.9

64.0

East Region

%

55.1

60.7

55.2

54.6

62.0

Bozymchak

%

83.6

78.0

85.2

82.0

83.9

Silver in concentrate

koz

2,138

2,224

397

608

561

East Region

koz

1,919

1,935

388

536

496

Bozymchak

koz

219

288

9

72

65

Silver production1

koz

1,946

2,024

362

554

511

East Region

koz

1,746

1,761

353

488

451

Bozymchak

koz

200

263

9

66

60

Zinc

Average grade processed

 %

2.67

2.06

2.35

3.05

1.84

Orlovsky concentrator

%

4.06

2.06

4.14

3.96

1.87

Nikolayevsky concentrator

 %

1.92

1.61

1.40

2.63

1.67

Belousovsky concentrator

%

-

3.26

-

-

3.55

Average recovery rate

%

70.1

67.1

65.4

72.3

66.6

Orlovsky concentrator

%

69.5

58.4

71.7

65.2

54.4

Nikolayevsky concentrator

%

70.8

72.6

55.5

77.4

73.0

Belousovsky concentrator

%

-

70.8

-

-

70.6

Zinc in concentrate

kt

49.7

38.3

10.2

15.7

9.4

Orlovsky concentrator

kt

26.2

11.6

6.9

5.8

2.5

Nikolayevsky concentrator

kt

23.5

15.4

3.3

9.9

5.8

Belousovsky concentrator

kt

-

11.3

-

-

1.1

1 Payable metal in concentrate. 

 

 

 

DEFINITIONS

 

the Group

KAZ Minerals PLC and its subsidiary companies

koz

thousand ounces

kt

thousand metric tonnes

ktpa

thousand metric tonnes per annum

Moz

million ounces

Mt

million metric tonnes

Mtpa

million metric tonnes per annum

ounce or oz

a troy ounce, which equates to 31.1035 grammes

t

metric tonnes

 

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