12th Apr 2017 07:02
Tesco Personal Finance plc
Publication of Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 28 February 2017
In accordance with Listing Rule 9.6.1, a copy of the above document for Tesco Personal Finance plc has been submitted to the UKLA document viewing facility and will shortly be available for inspection at: www.Hemscott.com/nsm.do
The document is also available on the Company's website at: www.corporate.tescobank.com
This announcement also contains additional information for the purposes of compliance with the Disclosure and Transparency Rules, including principal risks and uncertainties, details of related party transactions and a responsibility statement.
Reference to pages and numbers refer to page numbers and notes to the annual accounts in the Annual Report and Financial Statements 2017.
For any media enquiries please contact Chris Sibbald (Head Of Communications, Tesco Bank) on 07855955531 or, Laura Moore (Corporate Affairs Manager, Tesco Bank) on 0131 479 1356.
12 April 2017
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2017
Company Number SC173199
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
CONTENTS
Directors and Advisers........................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Strategic Report........................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Directors' Report.................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Consolidated Income Statement......................................................................................................................................................... 22
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income....................................................................................................................... 23
Consolidated and Company Statements of Financial Position.................................................................................................... 24
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity................................................................................................................................. 25
Company Statement of Changes in Equity......................................................................................................................................... 26
Consolidated and Company Cash Flow Statements........................................................................................................................ 27
Notes to the Financial Statements...................................................................................................................................................... 28
Independent Auditor's Report........................................................................................................................................................... 113
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
DIRECTORS AND ADVISERS
Directors: | Graham Pimlott - Non-Executive Chairperson |
| Karl Bedlow - Chief Customer Officer |
| John Castagno - Independent Non-Executive Director |
| Iain Clink - Deputy Chief Executive |
| Robert Endersby - Independent Non-Executive Director |
| Richard Henderson - Chief Risk Officer |
| Bernard Higgins - Chief Executive |
| Declan Hourican - Chief Financial Officer |
| Simon Machell - Independent Non-Executive Director |
| James McConville - Independent Non-Executive Director |
| David McCreadie - Managing Director |
| Raymond Pierce - Senior Independent Non-Executive Director |
| Amanda Rendle - Independent Non-Executive Director |
| Alan Stewart - Non-Executive Director |
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Company Secretary: | Michael Mustard |
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Registered Office: | Interpoint Building |
| 22 Haymarket Yards |
| Edinburgh |
| EH12 5BH |
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Independent Auditor: | Deloitte LLP |
| 20 Castle Terrace |
| Edinburgh |
| EH1 2DB |
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Bankers: | The Royal Bank of Scotland plc |
| 36 St Andrew Square |
| Edinburgh |
| EH2 2YB |
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| HSBC Bank plc |
| 8 Canada Square |
| London |
| E14 5HQ |
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1
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
STRATEGIC REPORT
The Directors present their Strategic Report for the year ended 28 February 2017.
The Annual Report and Financial Statements comprise the Strategic Report, the Directors' Report, and the Company and Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. In the Annual Report and Financial Statements, unless specified otherwise, the 'Company' means Tesco Personal Finance plc and the 'Group' means the Company and its subsidiaries and joint venture included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Group operates using the trading name of Tesco Bank.
Tesco Personal Finance plc is a wholly owned subsidiary of Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited, the share capital of which is wholly owned by Tesco PLC. A reconciliation of the results contained within this Strategic Report to the Tesco Bank results presented in the Tesco PLC preliminary results 2016/17 can be found on the Tesco PLC internet page http://www.tescoplc.com/media/876805/rns.pdf.
Business Model
The Group is primarily focused on providing financial services and products to personal customers in the UK. The Company owns 49.9% of Tesco Underwriting Limited (TU), an authorised insurance company. TU is accounted for as a joint venture of the Group. The Company is incorporated and registered in Scotland.
Headlines
Income Statement
· Underlying profit before tax is 4.8% higher at £206.4m (2016: £197.0m). In arriving at the underlying profit for the year, the Group has excluded the following items:
o an additional payment protection insurance (PPI) provision charge of £45.0m (2016: £nil) recognised during the year in response to the Financial Conduct Authority's (FCA) confirmed policy statement on a time bar for PPI complaints and a widening of the scope of the FCA rules to include profit share arrangements;
o organisational restructuring costs amounting to £34.8m (2016: £1.0m);
o gains on financial instruments, movements on derivatives and hedge accounting of £6.3m (2016: losses of £8.1m), reflecting the impact of foreign currency transactions and fair value hedge ineffectiveness; and
o a charge of £22.8m (2016: £nil), representing the Group's share of losses incurred by TU relating to the impact on TU's insurance reserves of a change in the Ogden tables, which are used to calculate future losses in personal injury and fatal accident cases.
· Profit before tax is 41.4% lower at £110.1m (2016: £187.9m), reflecting the impact of the above items.
· Total underlying income, which excludes gains on financial instruments, movements on derivatives and hedge accounting of £6.3m (2016: losses of £8.1m), has increased by 3.3% to £806.1m (2016: £780.7m). Trading performance helped mitigate the full year impact of the industry wide reduction in interchange rates which was phased in during the prior year.
· Underlying impairment charges, which exclude restructuring costs of £1.9m (2016: £nil), have increased by 54.1% to £104.5m (2016: £67.8m). This largely reflects a combination of balance growth and the implementation of a number of credit initiatives in recent years, which have been targeted at supporting the borrowing needs of Tesco customers in a profitable and controlled way.
· Income tax on the Group's profit for the year is a credit of £27.3m (2016: charge of £2.2m). The negative effective tax rate in the current year and low effective tax rate in the prior year are driven by the availability of group relief from Tesco PLC. In future years, the Group's effective tax rate is not expected to be materially different to the statutory rate. The components of the tax (credit)/charge in the current and prior year are set out in note 11 to the Financial Statements.
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TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
Balance Sheet
· The Group serves 8.1m accounts (2016: 7.6m).
· Loans and advances to customers have increased by 16.6% to £10.0bn (2016: £8.5bn). Mortgage balances reached £2.2bn (2016: £1.7bn) as the Mortgage product range continues to expand into the intermediary broker channel, and the Group has also seen growth in both Credit Cards and Personal Loan balances of 9.7% and 19.9% respectively.
· Customer deposits have increased by 14.4% to £8.5bn (2016: £7.4bn) and continue to be the main source of the Group's funding. The Group also drew £400.0m from the Bank of England's (BoE) Term Funding Scheme during the year (2016: £nil). Deposits from banks at 28 February 2017 totalled £499.8m (2016: £82.0m), including residual amounts previously drawn under the BoE's Funding for Lending Scheme. The lower cost of funding provided under both schemes continues to be reflected in competitive offers for the Group's borrowing customers.
· The balance sheet remains strong and well positioned to support future lending growth from both a liquidity and capital stand point. At 28 February 2017, the risk asset ratio was 20.0% (2016: 20.0%) and net stable funding ratio (NSFR) was 119.8% (2016: 125.1%). The decrease in the NSFR over the year reflects the relative movements in the Group's available and required funding, with additional customer deposits resulting in increased available funding of £1.1bn, offset by a £1.4bn increase in the Group's required funding, arising from the growth in customer lending referred to above.
Strategic Priorities
The ambition of Tesco Bank is to 'be the bank for people who shop at Tesco'. In order to accelerate the Group's pursuit of this ambition, during the year the Group established the Customer 2020 (C2020) programme. This programme, comprising a number of initiatives and expected to provide the framework for business change over several years, continues to put the Tesco customer at the heart of the Group's activities. The Group's strategy to make it easier for Tesco customers to bank and insure with the Group is achieved by offering customers great value across all of the products offered by the Group and earning their trust through the Group's actions. The Group aims to achieve this through targeted investment in technology and data to simplify processes, making life simpler for both customers and colleagues and driving efficiency that can be reinvested in the customer offer.
In November 2016, Tesco Bank's debit cards were the subject of an online fraudulent attack. The Group's priority throughout was to ensure customers' accounts were protected and that it communicated with customers immediately and transparently, reassuring customers that there was no data loss or breach of systems. The Group has undertaken immediate remedial action and an independent review of the issue and continues to work closely with the authorities and regulators on this incident.
The Group continued to broaden its product range in the year, to serve more of the banking and insurance needs of Tesco customers. The introduction of a Tesco Bank Premium Credit Card provides customers with the fastest way to earn Tesco Clubcard points when they shop, along with travel related benefits in the form of enhanced exchange rates on travel money bought in store, and worldwide, annual, family travel insurance.
Changes to the services offered have made it easier for customers to bank and insure with the Group. The roll out of the PayQwiq digital wallet service in all Tesco stores throughout the UK gives even more customers the opportunity to pay for their shopping and collect Tesco Clubcard points with one simple scan of their mobile phone. Digital signatures were introduced on Personal Loans, allowing eligible customers to receive funds into their bank accounts within 24 hours. Over 1,000,000 customers have now downloaded the Tesco Bank mobile banking app.
The Group continues to deliver value to its customers and has helped even more customers to buy their home in the year. Since April 2016, Tesco Bank Mortgages have been available through independent broker firms which are now actively placing business with Tesco Bank. The Group also helped customers spread the cost of Christmas by giving Credit Card customers 0% interest on Tesco purchases made in November and December 2016 until their March 2017 statement.
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TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
The Group has committed to continue providing value to its Personal Current Account customers. In February 2017, the Group announced that it would guarantee its existing customers 3% AER credit interest on balances up to £3,000, as well as even more Clubcard points when they spend with their debit card in Tesco stores, from 1 April 2017 to 1 April 2019. The offer was also extended to new Personal Current Account customers. Response to the offer was positive and the demand from new customers applying was unprecedented. As a result, to best serve existing customers, the Group paused applications for a number of weeks and reopened its application process to new customers, with the addition of certain eligibility criteria, in early April 2017.
Around 150,000 new Personal Current Accounts were opened during the year.
The Group's commitment to offering attractive products and good service for customers has been rewarded with recognition as 'Personal Finance Provider of the Year', 'Best First-Time Buyer Mortgage Provider' and the 'Best Bank Mortgage Provider' at the 2016 Moneyfacts Awards, 'Best Direct Lender' at the What Mortgage Awards 2016, and 'Best Overall Savings Provider', 'Best Low Rate Credit Card', 'Best Variable Rate Mortgage Provider' and 'Best Travel Money Provider' at the 2016/17 Personal Finance Awards. The Group was also awarded 'Best Achievement in Retail Payments' at the 2017 Card and Payments Awards for the development of the PayQwiq digital wallet service.
During the year, colleagues raised over £80,000 for the Group's charity partners and volunteered over 6,300 hours to their local communities.
Regulatory Developments
The Group closely monitors regulatory developments to ensure the implications of regulatory changes are fully considered. In 2015 the European Banking Authority, the Prudential Regulation Authority and the BoE issued consultations on a number of topics which may impact the Group's capital and funding requirements.
This included proposed changes to standardised risk weightings and the implementation of the European Commission's minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL). The Group will be subject to interim MREL guidance from 1 January 2020, with the full implementation scheduled for 1 January 2022.
Business Review
The initial activities in the C2020 programme commenced during the year and have resulted in a restructuring charge of £34.8m being recognised. This charge reflects an acceleration in the residual amortisation of the Group's insurance platform, redundancy costs and asset impairment related to the business simplification, and property related costs relating to the early exit from the Group's office in central Edinburgh. The Group's insurance platform will be replaced in 2017 with a new platform offering greater functionality for insurance customers and more efficient processes for the Group's colleagues.
During the year, the business has continued to deliver growth across its primary products (Credit Cards, Personal Loans, Mortgages, Personal Current Accounts, Savings and Insurance), with total customer accounts now standing at 8.1m (2016: 7.6m), of which 5.6m (2016: 5.4m) are actively1 in use by the Group's customers.
Mortgage balances grew by 29.1%, reaching £2,155.3m (2016: £1,669.7m), while Credit Card balances increased by 9.7% and Personal Loans by 19.9%.
Customer deposits of £8,466.8m (2016: £7,398.5m) continue to be the Group's primary source of funding. The Group's customer deposits grew by 14.4% in the year, reflecting the value offered to customers, with a 236.7% increase in Personal Current Account balances contributing towards this growth.
The Group now has 299 Travel Money bureaux in Tesco stores and saw strong growth in currency turnover in the year.
Insurance volumes have increased by 5.2% since the previous year, however income generated from insurance products has decreased by 2.0% amidst a highly competitive environment and regulatory uncertainty. Sales of Motor insurance increased marginally while sales of both Home and Pet insurance policies grew by 27.0% and 15.0% respectively. During the year, the Group made the decision to exit the Life insurance market, withdrawing the product from 22 February 2017.
1 An account whereby a debit or credit transaction has been completed in the previous month.
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TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
Financial Performance
Statutory information is set out in the Consolidated Financial Statements. To present a more meaningful view of business performance, the Group's results are also presented in this Strategic Report on an underlying basis, excluding restructuring costs, customer redress provisions, gains/(losses) on financial instruments, movements on derivatives and hedge accounting, and the Group's share of additional insurance reserves recognised by TU during the year in relation to revisions to Ogden tables.
The Group's financial performance is presented in the Consolidated Income Statement on page 22. A summary of the Group's financial performance on an underlying basis is presented below.
| 2017 | 2016 | % |
| £m | £m | Change |
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Net interest income | 439.2 | 404.8 | 8.5 |
Underlying non interest income | 366.9 | 375.9 | (2.4) |
Total underlying income | 806.1 | 780.7 | 3.3 |
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Underlying operating expenses | (502.4) | (513.3) | 2.1 |
Underlying impairment on loans and advances to customers | (104.5) | (67.8) | (54.1) |
Underlying share of profit/(loss) of joint venture | 7.2 | (2.6) | 376.9 |
Underlying profit before tax | 206.4 | 197.0 | 4.8 |
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Restructuring costs1 | (34.8) | (1.0) | (3,380.0) |
Customer redress provision2 | (45.0) | ‒ | (100.0) |
Gains/(losses) on financial instruments, movements on derivatives and hedge accounting3 | 6.3 | (8.1) | 177.8 |
Share of loss of joint venture4 | (22.8) | ‒ | (100.0) |
Profit before tax | 110.1 | 187.9 | (41.4) |
1 Comprising depreciation and amortisation charge of £23.0m (2016: £nil) presented within depreciation and amortisation, restructuring costs of £9.9m (2016: £1.0m) presented within administrative expenses, and impairment on loans and advances to customers following agreement to sell the Irish Credit Card book, of £1.9m (2016: £nil) presented within impairment on loans and advances to customers, on page 22. | |||
2 PPI provision charge of £45.0m (2016: £nil) is presented within operating expenses on page 22. | |||
3 Gains on financial instruments, movements on derivatives and hedge accounting of £6.3m (2016: losses of £8.1m) are presented within total income on page 22. | |||
4 The charge of £22.8m (2016: £nil) represents the Group's share of losses incurred by TU relating to the impact on TU's insurance reserves of a change in the Ogden tables and is presented within share of loss of joint venture on page 22. |
The Directors consider the following to be Key Performance Indicators for the Consolidated Income Statement:
| 2017 | 2016 |
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Net interest margin 1 | 4.0% | 4.2% |
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Underlying cost:income ratio 2 | 62.3% | 65.7% |
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Cost:income ratio 3 | 71.4% | 66.6% |
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Bad debt:asset ratio (BDAR) 4 | 1.1% | 0.8% |
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1 Net interest margin is calculated by dividing net interest income by average interest bearing assets. | |||
2 The underlying cost:income ratio is calculated by dividing underlying operating expenses by total underlying income. | |||
3 The cost:income ratio is calculated by dividing operating expenses by total income (including non trading items). | |||
4 The bad debt:asset ratio is calculated by dividing the impairment loss by the average balance of loans and advances to customers. |
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TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
Net interest income has increased by 8.5% to £439.2m (2016: £404.8m) due to the growth in customer lending of 16.6% to £10.0bn (2016: £8.5bn).
Net interest margin has decreased slightly since February 2016 to 4.0% (2016: 4.2%), reflecting the change in product mix in the period as a result of the growth in Mortgage lending.
Underlying non-interest income, which excludes gains on financial instruments, movements on derivatives and hedge accounting of £6.3m (2016: losses of £8.1m), has decreased by 2.4% to £366.9m (2016: £375.9m). Trading performance helped mitigate the full year impact of the industry wide reduction in interchange rates which was phased in during the prior year.
Underlying operating expenses, which exclude restructuring costs of £32.9m (2016: £1.0m) and an additional PPI provision charge of £45.0m (2016: £nil) recognised during the year, have decreased by 2.1% to £502.4m (2016: £513.3m). This is due to effective and robust cost control, partly offset by costs incurred in relation to the fraud incident in November 2016. Cost control remains a key focus of the Group.
Underlying impairment charges on loans and advances, which exclude restructuring costs of £1.9m (2016: £nil), have increased by 54.1% to £104.5m (2016: £67.8m). Credit quality remains good, with the higher charge reflecting a combination of balance growth and the implementation of a number of credit initiatives in recent years. These initiatives have been targeted at supporting the borrowing needs of Tesco customers in a profitable and controlled way. The impairment charge in the year benefited from an uplift in gains on sale of non-performing debt of £21.6m (2016: £19.7m). The Group's BDAR has increased to 1.1% (2016: 0.8%).
Capital and Liquidity Ratios
The Directors consider the following to be Key Performance Indicators for capital and liquidity reporting:
| 2017 | 2016 |
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Tier 1 capital ratio 1 | 16.7% | 16.6% |
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Risk asset ratio 2 | 20.0% | 20.0% |
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Net stable funding ratio 3 | 119.8% | 125.1% |
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Loan to deposit ratio 4 | 117.7% | 115.5% |
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1 The tier 1 capital ratio is calculated by dividing total tier 1 capital at the end of the year by total risk weighted assets and is calculated in line with the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR). | |||
2 The risk asset ratio is calculated by dividing total regulatory capital by total risk weighted assets. | |||
3 The Board Risk Committee (refer to page 12) monitors the Group's compliance with net stable funding ratio (NSFR) requirements under the Capital Requirements Directive IV (CRD IV) methodology. The NSFR is calculated under the CRD IV methodology. | |||
4 The loan to deposit ratio is calculated by dividing loans and advances to customers by deposits from customers. |
The Group's risk asset ratio remains above internal targets and regulatory requirements at 20.0% (2016: 20.0%) and leaves the Group well placed to support future growth.
The NSFR, a measure of the Group's liquidity position, remains strong at 119.8% (2016: 125.1%). The Group maintains a liquid asset portfolio of high quality securities of £1.8bn (2016: £1.6bn).
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TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
Risk Management
Risk Management Approach
The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for determining the Group's strategy and related Risk Appetite. The Board's Risk Appetite comprises a suite of financial and reputational Risk Appetite statements, underpinned by corresponding measures with agreed triggers and limits. The Risk Appetite is formally reviewed by the Board on an annual basis.
The Board is also responsible for overall corporate governance, which includes overseeing a robust and effective system of risk management and that the level of capital and liquidity held is adequate and consistent with the risk profile of the business. To support this, a Risk Management Framework (RMF) has been embedded across the Group and is underpinned by governance, controls, processes, systems and policies.
The Group is exposed to a variety of risks through its day to day operations. The following table sets out the principal risks and uncertainties and how they are managed within the RMF.
Principal risks and uncertainties | Key controls and mitigating factors |
Credit risk The risk that a borrower will default on a debt or obligation by failing to make contractually obligated payments, or that the Group will incur losses due to any other counterparty failing to meet their financial obligations. |
All lending is subject to robust underwriting processes and the performance of all loans is monitored closely. Regular management reports are submitted to the Board and appropriate Committees.
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Operational risk The risk of potential error, loss, harm or failure caused by ineffective or inadequately defined processes, system failure, improper conduct, human error or from external events.
A significant number of services and processes are provided by third party service providers and a key operational risk is the failure of an outsourced service provider.
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
Operational risk (continued) Increased market demand for specialist personnel could result in increased costs of recruitment and retention or reduced organisational effectiveness if a sufficient number of skilled staff cannot be employed or retained.
Financial crime and fraud are significant drivers of operational risk and the external threat continues to grow across the Financial Services industry. The industry remains under significant threat from cyber attacks. This includes various organised groups targeting institutions through phishing, malware, denial of service and other sophisticated methods. |
The Group aims to effectively manage operational risks within defined Risk Appetite limits.
An Operational Risk Framework comprising Event management, Risk and Control Self Assessment (RCSA) and Operational Risk Scenario Analysis processes is in place. Regular reporting is provided to the Executive Risk Committee (ERC) and remedial actions taken as required.
The Group's Operational Risk Committee provides oversight of the Group's operational risk profile and provides regular reports and recommendations to the appropriate governance bodies.
The Procurement and Supplier Management policy provides consistent and robust standards for supplier sourcing and selection. The Supplier Management Framework enables the monitoring of the performance of third-party outsourced service providers and suppliers against agreed service level agreements, the management of those relationships and the improvement of service or termination of contract where appropriate.
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The Executive Committee (ExCo) oversees key aspects of people risk, including talent management, performance management, retention and succession planning.
The Group has a robust risk framework and continually monitors emerging risks and threats. |
Liquidity and Funding risk Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group is not able to meet its obligations as they fall due. This includes the risk that a given security cannot be traded quickly enough in the market to prevent a loss if a credit rating falls.
Funding risk is the risk that the Group does not have sufficiently stable and diverse sources of funding.
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Liquidity risk is governed through the Liquidity Management Forum, Asset and Liability Management Committee (ALCo), Board Risk Committee (BRC) and the Board. A robust liquidity position is maintained in excess of internal and regulatory requirements. The Treasury function ensures all liquidity and funding measures are managed within policy and Risk Appetite on a daily basis.
The Group is predominantly funded by its retail deposit base, which reduces reliance on wholesale funding and in particular results in minimal short term wholesale funding. |
Market risk The risk that the value of earnings or capital is altered through the movement of market rates. This includes interest rates, foreign exchange rates, credit spreads and equities.
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Control of market risk is managed by the ALCo and the Market Risk Forum (MRF). These bodies provide oversight of the Group's market risk position at a detailed level and provide regular reports and recommendations to the Board Risk Committee. The Group has no trading book. |
Insurance risk The risks accepted through the provision of insurance products in return for a premium. These risks may or may not occur as expected and the amount and timing of these risks are uncertain and determined by events outside of the Group's control.
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
Insurance risk (continued)
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The Group's aim is to actively manage insurance risk exposure, with particular focus on those risks that impact profit volatility. The Company has no direct underwriting risk. However the Group is exposed to underwriting risk through its joint venture, Tesco Underwriting Limited (TU). TU is a separately regulated entity and is capitalised accordingly.
TU operates a risk management framework designed to identify and manage risks to which it is exposed. This includes the use of reinsurance to limit risk exposure above certain levels and the engagement of external independent actuaries to provide assurance over the valuation of insurance liabilities. 8
Risk Appetite and a suite of risk policies are in place to manage risk in TU. |
Regulatory risk The risk of reputational damage, liability or material loss from failure to comply with the requirements of the financial services regulators or related codes of best practice applicable to the business areas within which the Group operates.
The risk of business conduct leading to poor outcomes can arise as a result of an over aggressive sales strategy, poor management of sales processes, credit assessments and processes or failure to comply with other regulatory requirements.
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The Group's aim is to meet all legal and regulatory requirements by maintaining an effective Risk Management Forum (RMF). The Group has a dedicated Regulatory Advice and Compliance team and Regulatory Legal team to support business areas in identifying and managing regulatory and conduct risks.
Business areas manage conduct risk and use a range of management information to monitor the fair treatment of customers. A framework of product-led conduct management information has been developed and is reviewed by Senior Management in the business lines. Customer outcomes are also assessed as part of the development and design of new products and through annual product reviews of existing products. The ERC and the Board review and challenge delivery of fair outcomes for customers and are provided with oversight of the management information. |
Capital risk The risk that the Group holds regulatory capital which is of insufficient quality and quantity to enable it to absorb losses.
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
Capital risk (continued) The prudential regulation of banks continues to develop, with a number of topics currently under consultation in both the EU and the UK. The impact of future changes to capital and funding regulation are unclear and may have an impact on the Group's activities. |
The Group undertakes close monitoring of capital ratios to ensure it complies with current regulatory capital requirements and is well positioned to meet any anticipated future requirement. Management of capital is governed through the ALCo, the BRC and the Board.
The Group undertakes an Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP). Material risks to the Group are reviewed through stress testing to support an internal assessment of the level of capital that the Group should maintain.
Where capital is not considered to be an appropriate mitigant for a particular risk, alternative management actions are identified.
The stress testing scenarios and final ICAAP results are presented to the BRC for challenge and approval. The ICAAP is submitted to the regulator on a regular basis and forms the basis of the Individual Capital Guidance given to the Group.
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The Group actively engages in relevant industry consultation and closely monitors potential changes to regulatory requirements.
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European Union Referendum The European Union Referendum Act 2015 required the UK to hold a referendum on the UK's membership of the European Union (EU) by the end of 2017. The referendum was held on 23 June 2016 and resulted in a vote for the UK to leave the EU. The process of exiting the EU continues to contribute to political and economic uncertainty in the UK and Europe.
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Following the EU referendum result, the political and economic outlook for the UK is uncertain. The Group has actively considered the potential risks associated with the UK's exit from the EU and their impact on both the UK financial services market and the Group itself. While the timing and terms of any agreement with the EU remain uncertain, the Group continues to have sufficient capital resources to allow it to cope with a severe economic stress. The Group will continue to monitor the wider economic environment, particularly to assess the impact on credit risk to the Group.
The Group also continues to monitor related developments to the UK's exit from the EU, including the possibility of a second Scottish independence vote.
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The following pages provide a more granular overview of the operational control processes and risk mitigants adopted by the Group.
A fuller description of these risks and controls can also be found in the Pillar 3 Disclosure Statements of Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited for the year ended 28 February 2017. These disclosures will be published in the Financial Information section of the Tesco Bank corporate website in due course.
http://www.corporate.tescobank.com/48/accounts-and-disclosures.
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TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
Risk Management Framework (RMF)
The scope of the RMF extends to all major risk categories faced by the Group and is underpinned by governance, controls, processes, systems and policies within the second line risk function and those of the first line business areas. The key components of the RMF are as follows:
Risk Governance Structure
The Group has established a governance structure which is appropriate for the business in terms of its level of complexity and risk profile. This structure is continually reviewed so that it remains suitable to support the business. During the year, the Group chose to revise its governance structure to more appropriately reflect the needs of the business.
The Board
Chairperson | Executive Directors | Non-Executive Directors |
Graham Pimlott | Karl Bedlow | John Castagno |
| Iain Clink | Robert Endersby |
| Richard Henderson | Simon Machell |
| Bernard Higgins | James McConville |
| Declan Hourican | Raymond Pierce |
| David McCreadie | Amanda Rendle |
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| Alan Stewart |
The Board is the key governance body and is responsible for overall strategy, performance of the business and ensuring appropriate and effective risk management. It has delegated responsibility for the day to day running of the business to the Chief Executive. The Chief Executive has established the Executive Committee (ExCo) to assist in the management of the business and to deliver against the strategy in an effective and controlled way.
The Board has established Board committees and senior management committees to:
§ Oversee the RMF;
§ Identify the key risks facing the Group; and
§ Assess the effectiveness of the risk management actions.
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Audit Committee |
| Board Risk Committee |
| Remuneration Committee |
| Disclosure Committee |
| Nomination Committee |
The Board has overall responsibility for the business. It sets the Risk Appetite and strategic aims for the business, in some circumstances subject to shareholder approval, within a control framework which is designed to enable risk to be assessed and managed. The Board satisfies itself that financial controls and systems of risk management are robust.
11
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
In order to support effective governance and management of the wide range of responsibilities, the Board has established the following five sub-committees:
· Audit Committee
The Audit Committee comprises James McConville (chairperson), Robert Endersby and Simon Machell.
The role of the Audit Committee includes: reviewing and recommending to the Board for approval the Financial Statements; monitoring accounting policies and practices for compliance with relevant standards; reviewing the scope and results of the annual external audit; oversight of the process for selecting the external auditor and making recommendations to the Board in relation to the appointment, re-appointment and removal of the external auditor; considering the effectiveness of the external auditors and their independence, including in the context of any non-audit services carried out; reviewing reports covering anti-money laundering and compliance, in particular the Money Laundering Reporting Officer annual report and Risk Assurance Report; maintaining a professional relationship with the external auditor; examining arrangements in place to enable Management to comply with requirements and standards under the regulatory system; overseeing the internal audit function and the internal audit programme; and reviewing the findings of external assurance reports provided by outsourced providers.
Further detail on the Audit Committee is included within the Audit Committee section of the Directors' Report.
· Board Risk Committee (BRC)
The BRC comprises Robert Endersby (chairperson), John Castagno, James McConville, Raymond Pierce, Graham Pimlott, Amanda Rendle and Alan Stewart.
The role of the BRC includes the oversight and challenge of the Group's Risk Appetite and the recommendation to the Board of any changes to Risk Appetite; provision of oversight and advice to the Board on the current key risk exposures of the Company and future risk strategy; the review and challenge, where appropriate, of the outputs from the ALCo and the ERC; overseeing that a risk culture is appropriately embedded in the business which recognises risk and encourages all employees to be alert to the wider impact on the whole organisation of their actions and decisions; reviewing the design and operation of the RMF; and reviewing the monitoring of conduct and complaints in the business and alerting the Board to any systemic conduct or cultural risks.
· Remuneration Committee
The Remuneration Committee comprises Raymond Pierce (chairperson), Robert Endersby, Graham Pimlott and Amanda Rendle.
The role of the Remuneration Committee is: to determine and approve remuneration arrangements for all identified Material Risk Takers within the Group as defined by the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and the FCA's Remuneration Code; to approve a remuneration framework for employees of the Group below the leadership level; to align, where appropriate, remuneration in the Group with Tesco PLC Group Reward Policy; to design the levels and structure of remuneration necessary to attract, retain, and motivate the management talent needed to run the Group's business in a way which is consistent with the Risk Appetite and ongoing sustainability of the business; and to confirm that the remuneration policy in the Group is compliant with all applicable legislation, regulation and guidelines.
· Disclosure Committee
The Disclosure Committee comprises Graham Pimlott (chairperson), Robert Endersby, Richard Henderson, Declan Hourican and James McConville.
The Disclosure Committee is responsible for ensuring the Group's compliance with relevant legal and regulatory obligations in relation to the timing, accurate disclosure and announcement of information. The Committee also reviews, on behalf of the Board, certain legal or regulatory disclosures ahead of publication and makes recommendations to the Board as appropriate.
12
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
· Nomination Committee
The Nomination Committee comprises Graham Pimlott (chairperson), Simon Machell, Raymond Pierce and Amanda Rendle.
The role of the Nomination Committee includes reviewing the structure, size and composition (including the skills, knowledge, experience and diversity) of the Board and making recommendations to the Board with regard to any changes; reviewing the leadership needs of the organisation, both executive and non-executive, with a view to ensuring the continued ability of the organisation to compete effectively in the marketplace; formulating plans for succession for both executive and non-executive directors and in particular for the key roles of Chairman and Chief Executive; and identifying and nominating for the approval of the Board, candidates to fill board vacancies as and when they arise.
Executive Committee (ExCo)
The Group's Board has delegated day to day running of the business to the Chief Executive. The Chief Executive has established the ExCo to assist in the management of the business and to deliver against the strategy in an effective and controlled way. The ExCo provides general executive management of the business. Each ExCo member is accountable to the Chief Executive and to the Board for managing performance in line with the Group's long-term plan, strategy, annual budget and Risk Appetite. In order to support the ExCo, the following six sub-committees have been established:
· Commercial Executive Committee (CEC)
The principal role of the CEC is to oversee performance and matters arising across the Commercial business through: review of credit risk approvals; receipt of risk, risk event and internal audit reporting; management of top risks - ensuring that existing and emerging risks and issues are controlled appropriately and referred to the relevant Board or Committee when needed; approval of proposals and business cases for development and appointing third party suppliers, in line with delegated authorities from the Board; oversight of the use of budget allocated; review of business financial and trading performance, and monitoring of pricing plans; review of conduct risks and issues; annual product reviews; identification of risks to good customer outcomes, providing challenge and recommending further action to resolve and track those actions to completion; and escalation of material conduct or Treating Customers Fairly risks to the ExCo.
The CEC has five sub-committees: Commercial Credit Risk Committee; Transactional Banking Management Committee; Savings, Loans and Mortgages Management Committee; Insurance Management Committee; and the PayQwiq Governance Committee.
· Asset and Liability Management Committee (ALCo)
The principal role of the ALCo is to optimise the Group's balance sheet structure, within boundaries and Risk Appetite set by the Board and regulation, and to identify, manage and control the Group's balance sheet risks in the execution of its chosen business strategy. The ALCo has three sub-committees: the Liquidity Management Forum; Market Risk Forum; and the Capital Management Forum.
· Executive Risk Committee (ERC)
The principal role of the ERC is to oversee all aspects of the Risk Framework, and to ensure that the three lines of defence model is operating effectively; monitor the appropriateness of and adherence to Risk Appetite and to make recommendations on any changes to Risk Appetite; debate and challenge the risks inherent within strategic plans; consider and challenge policy exceptions and waivers that are in place; consider action to deliver risk management solutions, and to direct resource appropriately; consider the impact of regulatory initiatives on the current and future state of compliance by Tesco Bank; review and approve key policies of Tesco Bank; oversee Procurement and Supplier Management, with particular focus on ensuring that the key risks associated with outsourcing and third party supplier management are assessed; oversee operational resilience; and provide review and challenge relating to the culture in managing conduct risks and customer fairness within the business.
The ERC has five sub-committees: Operational Risk Committee; Operational Resilience Steering Committee; Supplier Management Group; Wholesale Credit Risk Forum; and the Provisions Forum.
13
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
· Customer Division Executive Committee (CDEC)
The role of the CDEC is to approve key decisions and provide oversight and challenge of performance and matters arising across the Customer Division of the business.
The CDEC has three sub-committees: Customer Security Committee; Service Risk Committee; and Marketing Risk Committee.
· Customer 2020 Executive Steering Committee (C2020 ESC)
The role of the C2020 ESC is to oversee C2020 and steer the delivery of the C2020 strategic plan.
The C2020 ESC has one sub-committee: C2020 Programme Board.
· Information Security Committee (ISC)
The role of the ISC is to support the Deputy Chief Executive in delivering information security and cybercrime control improvements through executive direction, support and oversight of the programme of work.
The ISC has one sub-committee: Information Security Forum.
Three Lines of Defence
The Group has adopted the 'three lines of defence' model of governance with clearly defined roles and responsibilities to help drive effective risk management.
· First line of defence
Senior Management are responsible for establishing an effective control framework within their area of operation; for identifying and controlling all risks so that they are operating within the organisational Risk Appetite; for ensuring that they are fully compliant with Group policies; and, where appropriate, for operating within defined thresholds. They also devise, manage and report against appropriate 'key risk indicators', ensuring that management information and assurance processes allow assessment of their control framework to manage key risks as they arise in their area of operation.
· Second line of defence
The Risk Management function (RMFu) is responsible for proposing to the Board appropriate objectives and measures to define the Group's Risk Appetite and for devising the suite of policies necessary to control the business, including the overarching framework, and for independent monitoring of the risk profile, providing oversight, challenge and additional assurance where required. The RMFu uses expertise and provides frameworks, tools and techniques to assist Management in meeting their responsibilities, as well as acting as a central coordinator to identify bank wide risks and make recommendations to address them.
· Third line of defence
This comprises the Internal Audit function, which is responsible for providing independent assurance to the Board and Senior Management on the adequacy of design and operational effectiveness of internal control systems.
Group Policies
The Group has a formal structure for reporting, monitoring and managing risks. This comprises, at its highest level, the Group's Risk Appetite approved by the Board, which is supported by detailed risk management frameworks (including policies and supporting documentation), independent governance and oversight of risk. Each policy is owned by a specific individual who is responsible for maintenance and assurance of the policy. Each policy must be reviewed on at least a bi-annual basis, or earlier if there is a trigger for policy review such as a regulatory change, to ensure its continued effectiveness and applicability in line with changing risks.
14
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
· Risk Management Function (RMFu)
The independent RMFu operates under the leadership of the Chief Risk Officer (CRO). Risk teams reporting to the CRO are the second line of defence, and are resourced by people with risk expertise in each of the principal risks faced by the Group. This allows them to provide appropriate analysis, challenge, understanding and oversight of each of the principal risks.
· Stress Testing
Stress testing is the process by which the Group's business plans are regularly subjected to severe but plausible impact scenarios to assess the potential impact on the business, including projected capital and liquidity positions. The results of stress testing, along with proposed actions, are reported to the ALCo and BRC. These are captured in both the Individual Liquidity Adequacy Assessment Process (ILAAP) and the ICAAP.
· Monitoring and Reporting
The RMFu has responsibility for integrated risk reporting across the Group. The RMFu monitors and aggregates risk exposures to ensure that risk coverage is considered holistically so that risks and issues have clear ownership and do not fall between functions.
The Group monitors and tracks current exposures against limits defined in the agreed Risk Appetite and by the regulators. Exceptions are reported on a monthly basis to the ALCo and ERC and to each meeting of the BRC. Adherence to these limits is independently monitored, measured and reported using a suite of key indicators defined by each risk team responsible for managing the major specific risk categories faced by the Group. Decisions made at subordinate risk committees and forums are reported to senior committees as appropriate.
· Risk Appetite Framework
The Group has established a robust Risk Appetite framework. The Group maintains a Risk Appetite which defines the type and amount of risk that the Group is prepared to accept to achieve its objectives and forms a key link between the day to day risk management of the business, its strategic objectives, long term plan, capital planning and stress testing. The Risk Appetite is formally reviewed and approved by the Board on an annual basis.
The Strategic Report was approved by the Board of Directors and signed by order of the Board.
Michael Mustard
Company Secretary
10 April 2017
15
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
DIRECTORS' REPORT
The Directors present their Annual Report, together with the Company and Consolidated Financial Statements and Independent Auditor's Report, for the year ended 28 February 2017.
Business review and future developments
The Group's business review and future developments are set out in the Strategic Report on pages 2 to 6.
Risk management
The Group's risk management disclosures are set out in the Strategic Report on pages 7 to 15.
Financial instruments
The Group's policies for hedging each major type of transaction are discussed in notes 1 and 15 to the Financial Statements.
Capital structure
The Group's capital structure is discussed in notes 31 and 38 to the Financial Statements.
Events after the reporting date
Details of events occurring after the reporting date are discussed in note 43 to the Financial Statements.
Going concern
The Directors have made an assessment of going concern, taking into account both current performance and the Group's outlook, including consideration of projections for the Group's capital and funding position. As a result of this assessment, the Directors consider that it is appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the Company and Consolidated Financial Statements.
Dividends
An interim dividend of £50.0m (2016: £50.0m) in respect of ordinary share capital was paid to Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited on 22 February 2017.
Treating Customers Fairly
Treating Customers Fairly is central to the Financial Conduct Authority's principles for businesses and remains central to the Tesco Values which sit at the heart of the business. These Values are designed to ensure that customer outcomes match their understanding and expectations.
Directors
The present Directors and Company Secretary, who have served throughout the year and up to the date of signing the Financial Statements, except where noted below, are listed on page 1.
Since 1 March 2016 to date the following changes have taken place:
| Appointed | Resigned |
John Castagno | 1 October 2016 |
|
Declan Hourican | 14 November 2016 |
|
Amanda Rendle | 13 December 2016 |
|
Alan Stewart | 16 January 2017 |
|
Richard Henderson | 29 March 2017 |
|
Peter Bole |
| 3 October 2016 |
Deanna Oppenheimer |
| 31 December 2016 |
Feike Brouwers |
| 23 January 2017 |
16
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
DIRECTORS' REPORT (continued)
Audit Committee
Introduction from the Committee Chairperson
The Group operates in a demanding environment, particularly with regard to economic, reputational, political and regulatory factors. The role of the Audit Committee is critical in reviewing the effectiveness of the Group's internal control framework and assurance processes and in assessing and acting upon findings from both external and internal audit. The Committee keeps the current internal control framework and assurance processes under review to ensure that they adapt to the changing environment and remain appropriate for the Group.
Audit Committee composition, skills and experience
The Audit Committee acts independently of Management. This ensures that the interests of shareholders are properly protected in relation to financial reporting and internal control.
As detailed in the section of the Strategic Report on the Board, the Audit Committee comprises three Independent Non-Executive Directors. All Committee members have recent and relevant experience in finance and/or the banking or insurance industry.
James McConville is a Chartered Accountant and has significant financial and banking experience gained from 30 years in the financial services sector, thus enabling him to fulfil the role as Audit Committee Chair.
James is currently Group Finance Director at Phoenix Group Holdings and joined their Board of Directors in June 2012 with responsibility for Finance, Treasury and Investor Relations. Previous appointments include Chief Financial Officer of Northern Rock plc and a variety of senior finance and strategy related roles for Lloyds Banking Group plc, including Finance Director of the Scottish Widows Group.
Robert Endersby has spent over 30 years working in the financial services sector, both within the UK and internationally and is an Associate of the London Institute of Banking and Finance.
Robert's previous key appointments included Chief Risk Officer and member of the Executive Board of Danske Bank A/S, Vice Chairman of Danske Bank Oyj and senior risk management positions in Barclays, The Royal Bank of Scotland and ING Group. Robert currently holds Non-Executive positions with Credit Suisse International and Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) Limited.
Simon Machell has worked in financial services for 30 years and has experience in both general and life insurance in the UK, Europe and Asia. The majority of Simon's experience was gained from a range of roles with Aviva, including Chief Executive of the RAC, Chief Executive of the general insurance business in the UK and running the insurance businesses in 14 markets across Eastern Europe and Asia. Simon holds Non-Executive roles with Pacific Life Re, Prudential Corporation (Asia) and Tesco Underwriting Limited.
Simon is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. Simon is also a visiting professor of insurance at the Southwest University of Finance and Economics in Chengdu, China.
The Chairman, Chief Executive, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Risk Officer, Internal Audit Director, Director of Financial Control and Tesco PLC Internal Audit Director attend committee meetings.
The external auditor also attends.
17
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
DIRECTORS' REPORT (continued)
Audit Committee responsibilities
The key responsibilities of the Committee are to:
§ Review the Financial Statements;
§ Review the accounting policies and practices for compliance with relevant standards;
§ Examine the arrangements made by Management regarding compliance with requirements and standards under the regulatory system;
§ Review the internal control systems, including those relating to Management's responsibility for the appropriateness and effectiveness of systems and controls;
§ Review the internal audit programme and oversee the internal audit function;
§ Consider the effectiveness of the external auditor and their independence;
§ Provide an interface between Management and the external auditor;
§ Work closely with the Board Risk Committee to avoid, as much as possible, any overlap or gap in the overall risk and assurance activities of the two committees;
§ Carry out such investigations or reviews as shall be referred to it by the Board;
§ Review the Group's plans for business continuity;
§ Approve the annual plan of Risk Assurance activity within Tesco Bank;
§ Receive and review reports, findings and recommendations from Risk;
§ Review and consider the adequacy of any follow up action, and any relevant investigation work, carried out by or on behalf of Risk; and
§ Review and monitor Management's response to findings and recommendations following investigations carried out by Risk.
During the year, the Committee received reports from a number of business areas including Finance in relation to financial reporting and Risk in relation to regulatory compliance, fraud, bribery and corruption and integrated assurance. The Committee also considered a variety of matters including the internal financial control framework and operational resilience.
In relation to the Financial Statements, the Committee reviewed and recommended approval of the half-yearly results and annual Financial Statements, oversaw impairment reviews and provided oversight of the statutory audit process.
The Committee assesses the need for training on an ongoing basis and the annual agenda provides time for technical updates, which are provided by both internal and external experts. During the year, the Audit Committee received specific training on accounting and reporting developments. Training is also provided on an ongoing basis to meet the specific needs of individual committee members.
It is essential for the Audit Committee to be able to have an honest and open relationship with both its external and internal auditors. This relationship is developed and maintained through private meetings with both Deloitte and the Internal Audit Director.
18
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
DIRECTORS' REPORT (continued)
The Internal Audit function supports the Audit Committee in providing an independent assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of internal controls and the system of risk management. The function has the necessary resources and access to information to enable it to fulfil its mandate, and is equipped to perform in accordance with the Institute of Internal Auditors International Standards of the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing.
In compliance with the above standards, the Audit Committee assessed the effectiveness of the Internal Audit function with the results of the 2016 assessment being positive.
The effectiveness of the Committee was reviewed as part of the wider Board effectiveness review which included interviews with all Committee members. It was concluded that the Committee continued to be effective.
Non-audit fees
Deloitte contributes an independent perspective, arising from its work, on certain aspects of the Group's internal financial control systems, and reports to the Audit Committee. The independence of the external auditor in relation to the Group is considered annually by the Committee.
The Group has a non-audit services policy for work carried out by its external auditor. This is split into three categories as explained below:
1. Pre-approved for the external auditor - audit-related in nature;
2. Work for which Audit Committee approval is specifically required - transaction work and corporate tax services, and certain advisory services; and
3. Work from which the external auditor is prohibited.
The Committee concluded that it was in the best interests of the Group for the external auditor to provide a limited number of non-audit services during the year due to their experience, expertise and knowledge of the Group's operations. Auditor objectivity and independence was considered for each engagement and the Committee was satisfied that the audit independence was not, at any point, compromised.
Deloitte follows its own ethical guidelines and continually reviews its audit team to ensure its independence is not compromised. The fees paid to the external auditors in the year are disclosed in note 8 to the Financial Statements.
Directors' Indemnities
In terms of Section 236 of the Companies Act 2006, all Non-Executive Directors have been issued a Qualifying Third Party Indemnity Provision by Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited. All Qualifying Third Party Indemnities were in force at the date of approval of the Financial Statements.
There was also a Qualifying Third Party Indemnity Provision issued by Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited in force during the year for Deanna Oppenheimer until the date of her resignation.
19
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
DIRECTORS' REPORT (continued)
Our People
The Group is committed to promoting a diverse and inclusive workplace, reflective of the communities in which it does business. It approaches diversity in the broadest sense, recognising that successful businesses flourish through embracing diversity into their business strategy, and developing talent at every level in the organisation.
The Group's selection, training, development and promotion policies are designed to provide equality of opportunity for all colleagues, regardless of factors such as age, disability, gender reassignment, race, religion or belief, ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity or trade union affiliation. Decisions are based on merit.
The Group is committed to developing the skills and knowledge and supporting the wellbeing of its colleagues in order to help achieve its objectives and create a great place to work. It ensures that the Tesco Values are reflected within its employment policies and practices to encourage engagement, enabling colleagues to be their best and able to contribute to the delivery of the Group's core purpose.
There are processes in place for understanding and responding to colleagues' needs through surveys and regular performance and development reviews. Business developments are communicated frequently to keep colleagues well informed about the progress of the Group. Ongoing training programmes also seek to ensure that colleagues understand the Group's objectives and the regulatory environment in which it operates.
The Group works with colleagues, including those with disabilities, to adapt work practices where necessary in order to help them work effectively within the business.
Colleagues are encouraged to become involved in the financial performance of the wider Tesco PLC Group through a variety of schemes, principally the Tesco employee profit-sharing scheme (Shares in Success), the savings related share option scheme (Save As You Earn) and the partnership share plan (Buy As You Earn).
Cautionary statement regarding forward-looking information
Where this document contains forward-looking statements, these are made by the Directors in good faith based on the information available to them at the time of their approval of this report. These statements should be treated with caution due to the inherent risks and uncertainties underlying any such forward-looking information. The Group cautions users of these Financial Statements that a number of factors, including matters referred to in this document, could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Such factors include, but are not limited to, those discussed under 'Principal risks and uncertainties' on pages 7 to 10 of this Annual Report.
Statement of Directors' Responsibilities
The following should be read in conjunction with the responsibilities of the independent auditor set out in their report on page 113.
The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the Financial Statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
Company law requires the Directors to prepare such financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the Directors have prepared the Group and Company Financial Statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union (EU). Under company law the Directors must not approve the Financial Statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and the Company and of the profit or loss of the Group for that year.
20
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
DIRECTORS' REPORT (continued)
In preparing these Financial Statements, the Directors are required to:
· properly select and apply accounting policies;
· present information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable information;
· provide additional disclosures when compliance with the specific requirements in IFRSs is insufficient to enable users to understand the impact of particular transactions, other events and conditions on the Group's and Company's financial position and financial performance; and
· make an assessment of the Group's and Company's ability to continue as a going concern.
The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Group's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Group and the Company and enable them to ensure that the Financial Statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Group and the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the Group's website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of Financial Statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.
Each of the Directors, whose names are listed on page 1 of the Annual Report and Financial Statements, confirms that to the best of their knowledge:
· the Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the EU, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit of the Group;
· the Strategic Report contained in the Annual Report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position of Group, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that it faces; and
· the Annual Report and Financial Statements, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information necessary for the Company's shareholders to assess the Group's and Company's position, performance, business model and strategy.
Disclosure in respect of the Independent Auditor
So far as each Director is aware at the date of approving this report, there is no relevant audit information, being information needed by the auditor in connection with preparing this report, of which the auditor is unaware. All of the Directors have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken as Directors in order to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor is aware of that information.
External Audit Partner
The external audit partner for the year to 28 February 2017 was Stephen Williams ACA who has fulfilled this role since Deloitte LLP's appointment as external auditor on 30 June 2015.
Approved by the Board of Directors and signed by order of the Board.
Michael Mustard
Company Secretary
10 April 2017
21
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTFor the Year Ended 28 February 2017
|
| 2017 | 2016 |
| Note | £m | £m |
|
|
| |
Interest and similar income | 4 | 618.1 | 574.8 |
Interest expense and similar charges | 4 | (178.9) | (170.0) |
|
|
| |
Net interest income |
| 439.2 | 404.8 |
|
|
| |
Fees and commissions income | 5 | 394.0 | 406.1 |
Fees and commissions expense | 5 | (31.3) | (30.8) |
|
|
| |
Net fees and commissions income |
| 362.7 | 375.3 |
|
|
| |
Gains/(losses) on financial instruments, movements on derivatives and hedge accounting | 6 | 6.3 | (8.1) |
Realised gain on investment securities | 7 | 4.2 | 0.6 |
|
|
| |
Net other income/(expense) |
| 10.5 | (7.5) |
|
|
| |
Total income |
| 812.4 | 772.6 |
|
|
| |
Administrative expenses | 8 | (425.0) | (428.3) |
Depreciation and amortisation | 22,23 | (110.3) | (86.0) |
Provision for customer redress | 27 | (45.0) | ‒ |
|
|
| |
Operating expenses |
| (580.3) | (514.3) |
|
|
| |
Impairment on loans and advances to customers | 9 | (106.4) | (67.8) |
|
|
| |
Operating profit |
| 125.7 | 190.5 |
|
|
| |
Share of loss of joint venture | 20 | (15.6) | (2.6) |
|
|
| |
Profit before tax |
| 110.1 | 187.9 |
|
|
| |
Income tax credit/(charge) | 11 | 27.3 | (2.2) |
|
|
| |
Profit for the year attributable to owners of the parent |
| 137.4 | 185.7 |
22
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOMEFor the Year Ended 28 February 2017
| Note | 2017 | 2016 |
|
| £m | £m |
|
|
|
|
Profit for the year |
| 137.4 | 185.7 |
|
|
|
|
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to the income statement |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealised net gains/(losses) on available-for-sale investment securities before tax | 11 | 7.1 | (2.8) |
|
|
|
|
Net gains/(losses) arising on cash flow hedges before tax | 11 | 1.6 | (3.0) |
|
|
|
|
Tax relating to items that may be reclassified subsequently to the income statement | 11 | (5.6) | 1.2 |
|
|
|
|
Share of other comprehensive income/(expense) of joint venture | 20 | 10.5 | (1.0) |
|
|
|
|
Total items that may be reclassified subsequently to the income statement |
| 13.6 | (5.6) |
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive income for the year attributable to owners of the parent |
| 151.0 | 180.1 |
23
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
CONSOLIDATED AND COMPANY STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITIONFor the Year Ended 28 February 2017
Company number SC173199
|
| Group | Company | ||
|
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
| Note | £m | £m | £m | £m |
Assets |
|
|
| ||
Cash and balances with central banks | 13 | 802.9 | 564.9 | 694.5 | 506.6 |
Loans and advances to customers | 14 | 9,961.2 | 8,545.7 | 9,961.2 | 8,545.7 |
Derivative financial instruments | 15 | 28.7 | 29.3 | 28.7 | 29.3 |
Investment securities: |
|
|
| ||
- Available-for-sale | 16 | 966.1 | 983.6 | 966.1 | 983.6 |
- Loans and receivables | 16 | 34.1 | 34.1 | 34.1 | 34.1 |
Prepayments and accrued income | 17 | 42.2 | 43.1 | 42.2 | 43.1 |
Current income tax asset |
| ‒ | 1.7 | ‒ | 1.7 |
Other assets | 18 | 299.1 | 277.3 | 387.2 | 315.5 |
Investment in joint venture | 20 | 71.0 | 76.1 | 71.0 | 71.0 |
Intangible assets | 22 | 300.0 | 363.9 | 300.0 | 363.9 |
Property, plant and equipment | 23 | 73.3 | 78.9 | 73.3 | 78.9 |
Total assets |
| 12,578.6 | 10,998.6 | 12,558.3 | 10,973.4 |
Liabilities |
|
|
| ||
Deposits from banks | 24 | 499.8 | 82.0 | 499.8 | 82.0 |
Deposits from customers | 25 | 8,466.8 | 7,398.5 | 8,466.8 | 7,398.5 |
Debt securities in issue | 26 | 1,204.3 | 1,206.6 | 406.0 | 408.9 |
Derivative financial instruments | 15 | 133.3 | 150.5 | 133.3 | 150.5 |
Provisions for liabilities and charges | 27 | 83.5 | 58.2 | 83.5 | 58.2 |
Accruals and deferred income | 28 | 115.1 | 128.2 | 115.1 | 128.2 |
Current income tax liability |
| 8.3 | ‒ | 8.3 | ‒ |
Other liabilities | 29 | 148.3 | 142.8 | 925.3 | 919.0 |
Deferred income tax liability | 21 | 13.7 | 31.0 | 13.7 | 31.0 |
Subordinated liabilities and notes | 30 | 235.0 | 235.0 | 235.0 | 235.0 |
Total liabilities |
| 10,908.1 | 9,432.8 | 10,886.8 | 9,411.3 |
Equity and reserves attributable to owners of parent |
|
|
| ||
Share capital | 31 | 122.0 | 122.0 | 122.0 | 122.0 |
Share premium account | 31 | 1,097.9 | 1,097.9 | 1,097.9 | 1,097.9 |
Retained earnings |
| 406.2 | 318.8 | 417.4 | 314.8 |
Other reserves | 32 | 44.4 | 27.1 | 34.2 | 27.4 |
Total equity |
| 1,670.5 | 1,565.8 | 1,671.5 | 1,562.1 |
Total liabilities and equity |
| 12,578.6 | 10,998.6 | 12,558.3 | 10,973.4 |
Profit for the year of £152.6m (2016: £189.7m) is attributable to the Company.
The Consolidated and Company Financial Statements on pages 22 to 112 were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 10 April 2017 and were signed on its behalf by:
Declan Hourican
Director
24
| Note | Share capital | Share premium | Retained earnings | Subordinated notes | Other reserves | Total equity |
|
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
Balance at 1 March 2016 |
| 122.0 | 1,097.9 | 318.8 | ‒ | 27.1 | 1,565.8 |
Comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Profit for the year |
| ‒ | ‒ | 137.4 | ‒ | ‒ | 137.4 |
Net gains on available-for-sale investment securities | 11 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 2.1 | 2.1 |
Net gains on cash flow hedges | 11 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Share of other comprehensive income of joint venture | 20 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 10.5 | 10.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive income |
| ‒ | ‒ | 137.4 | ‒ | 13.6 | 151.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transactions with owners |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends to ordinary shareholders | 12 | ‒ | ‒ | (50.0) | ‒ | ‒ | (50.0) |
Share based payments | 32 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 3.7 | 3.7 |
Total transactions with owners |
| ‒ | ‒ | (50.0) | ‒ | 3.7 | (46.3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at 28 February 2017 |
| 122.0 | 1,097.9 | 406.2 | ‒ | 44.4 | 1,670.5 |
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITYFor the Year Ended 28 February 2017
Balance at 1 March 2015 | 122.0 | 1,097.9 | 183.1 | 45.0 | 22.6 | 1,470.6 | |
Comprehensive income/(expense) | |||||||
Profit for the year | ‒ | ‒ | 185.7 | ‒ | ‒ | 185.7 | |
Net losses on available-for-sale investment securities | 11 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | (2.3) | (2.3) |
Net losses on cash flow hedges | 11 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | (2.3) | (2.3) |
Share of other comprehensive expense of joint venture | 20 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | (1.0) | (1.0) |
Total comprehensive income | ‒ | ‒ | 185.7 | ‒ | (5.6) | 180.1 | |
Transactions with owners | |||||||
Dividends to ordinary shareholders | 12 | ‒ | ‒ | (50.0) | ‒ | ‒ | (50.0) |
Reclassification of subordinated notes to liabilities1 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | (45.0) | ‒ | (45.0) | |
Share based payments | 32 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 10.1 | 10.1 |
Total transactions with owners | ‒ | ‒ | (50.0) | (45.0) | 10.1 | (84.9) | |
Balance at 29 February 2016 | 122.0 | 1,097.9 | 318.8 | ‒ | 27.1 | 1,565.8 | |
1 On 9 January 2014, the Group re-documented both the dated and undated loan notes to ensure full compliance with Capital Requirements Directive IV (CRD IV) regulations. A review in the prior year of the revised loan agreements concluded that the undated notes were more appropriately classified as a liability under the requirements of IAS 32, 'Financial Instruments: Presentation', rather than equity. As a result the total balance of £45.0m was reclassified from equity to liabilities in the prior year. |
25
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITYFor the Year Ended 28 February 2017
| Note | Share capital | Share premium | Retained earnings | Subordinated notes | Other reserves | Total equity |
|
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at 1 March 2016 |
| 122.0 | 1,097.9 | 314.8 | ‒ | 27.4 | 1,562.1 |
Comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Profit for the year |
| ‒ | ‒ | 152.6 | ‒ | ‒ | 152.6 |
Net gains on available-for-sale investment securities | 11 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 2.1 | 2.1 |
Net gains on cash flow hedges | 11 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive income |
| ‒ | ‒ | 152.6 | ‒ | 3.1 | 155.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transactions with owners |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends to ordinary shareholders | 12 | ‒ | ‒ | (50.0) | ‒ | ‒ | (50.0) |
Share based payments | 32 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 3.7 | 3.7 |
Total transactions with owners |
| ‒ | ‒ | (50.0) | ‒ | 3.7 | (46.3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at 28 February 2017 |
| 122.0 | 1,097.9 | 417.4 | ‒ | 34.2 | 1,671.5 |
Balance at 1 March 2015 |
| 122.0 | 1,097.9 | 175.1 | 45.0 | 21.9 | 1,461.9 |
Comprehensive income/(expense) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Profit for the year |
| ‒ | ‒ | 189.7 | ‒ | ‒ | 189.7 |
Net losses on available-for-sale investment securities | 11 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | (2.3) | (2.3) |
Net losses on cash flow hedges | 11 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | (2.3) | (2.3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total comprehensive income | ‒ | ‒ | 189.7 | ‒ | (4.6) | 185.1 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Transactions with owners |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Dividends to ordinary shareholders | 12 | ‒ | ‒ | (50.0) | ‒ | ‒ | (50.0) |
Reclassification of subordinated notes to liabilities1 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | (45.0) | ‒ | (45.0) | |
Share based payments | 32 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 10.1 | 10.1 |
Total transactions with owners | ‒ | ‒ | (50.0) | (45.0) | 10.1 | (84.9) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at 29 February 2016 |
| 122.0 | 1,097.9 | 314.8 | ‒ | 27.4 | 1,562.1 |
1 On 9 January 2014, the Group re-documented both the dated and undated loan notes to ensure full compliance with Capital Requirements Directive IV (CRD IV) regulations. A review in the prior year of the revised loan agreements concluded that the undated notes were more appropriately classified as a liability under the requirements of IAS 32, 'Financial Instruments: Presentation', rather than equity. As a result the total balance of £45.0m was reclassified from equity to liabilities in the prior year. |
26
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
CONSOLIDATED AND COMPANY CASH FLOW STATEMENTSFor the Year Ended 28 February 2017
|
| Group | Company | ||
|
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
| Note | £m | £m | £m | £m |
|
|
|
| ||
Operating Activities |
|
|
| ||
Profit before tax |
| 110.1 | 187.9 | 125.3 | 191.8 |
Adjusted for: |
|
|
| ||
Non-cash items included in operating profit before taxation | 37 | 286.8 | 192.4 | 270.7 | 188.7 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities | 37 | (107.9) | (518.5) | (157.1) | (514.6) |
Income taxes received/(paid) |
| 17.2 | (7.0) | 17.2 | (7.0) |
|
|
|
| ||
Cash flows generated from/(used) in operating activities | 306.2 | (145.2) | 256.1 | (141.1) | |
|
|
|
| ||
Investing Activities |
|
|
| ||
Purchase and disposal of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment |
| (46.1) | (39.8) | (46.1) | (39.8) |
Purchase of available-for-sale investment securities |
| (95.5) | (332.2) | (95.5) | (332.2) |
Sale of available-for-sale investment securities |
| 126.6 | 211.7 | 126.6 | 211.7 |
|
|
|
| ||
Cash flows used in investing activities | (15.0) | (160.3) | (15.0) | (160.3) | |
|
|
|
| ||
Financing Activities |
|
|
| ||
Net proceeds received in association with issuance of debt securities |
| ‒ | 298.5 | ‒ | 298.5 |
Dividends paid to ordinary shareholders | 12 | (50.0) | (50.0) | (50.0) | (50.0) |
Interest paid on subordinated liabilities and notes |
| (4.4) | (4.5) | (4.4) | (4.5) |
|
|
|
| ||
Cash flows (used in)/generated from financing activities | (54.4) | 244.0 | (54.4) | 244.0 | |
|
|
|
| ||
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
| 236.8 | (61.5) | 186.7 | (57.4) |
|
|
|
| ||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
| 551.8 | 613.3 | 493.5 | 550.9 |
|
|
|
| ||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 36 | 788.6 | 551.8 | 680.2 | 493.5 |
j
27
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Accounting Policies
Basis of preparation
The Company and Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) and interpretations issued by the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) as endorsed by the European Union (EU), and those parts of the Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies reporting under IFRSs.
In these Financial Statements the 'Company' means Tesco Personal Finance plc and the 'Group' means the Company and its subsidiaries and joint venture. Details of these subsidiaries and joint venture are provided in notes 19 and 20. These Consolidated Financial Statements comprise the Financial Statements of the Group. The Company has elected to take the exemption under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 not to present the Income Statement and Statement of Comprehensive Income of the Company.
The Company and Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention as modified by the revaluation of derivative financial instruments and available-for-sale investment securities held at fair value.
The Company and Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in Sterling, which is the functional currency of the Group. The figures shown in the Financial Statements are rounded to the nearest £0.1 million unless otherwise stated.
New and amended accounting standards adopted by the Group in the year are detailed in note 42.
Going concern
The Directors have completed an assessment of the Group's going concern status, taking into account both current and projected performance, including projections for the Group's capital and funding position and having regard to the Group's risk profile. As a result of this assessment, the Directors consider the Group to be in a satisfactory financial position and have a reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue in business for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the Directors continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the Financial Statements.
Principal accounting policies
A summary of the Group's accounting policies is set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all of the years presented, unless otherwise stated.
Basis of consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Group comprise the Financial Statements of the Company and all consolidated subsidiaries, including certain securitisation structured entities, and the Group's share of its interests in a joint venture, as at 28 February 2017.
Investment in Group undertakings
Subsidiaries are all entities (including structured entities) over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when the Group is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The results of subsidiaries are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. The Company's investments in its subsidiaries are stated at cost less any impairment.
Intragroup balances, and any unrealised gains and losses or income and expenses arising from intragroup transactions, are eliminated in preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements.
28
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Accounting Policies (continued)
Securitisation structured entities
The Group enters into securitisation transactions in which it assigns Credit Card receivables to a securitisation structured entity which supports the issuance of securities backed by the cash flows from the securitised Credit Card receivables. Although none of the equity of the securitisation structured entities is owned by the Company, the nature of these entities means that the Group has the rights to variable returns from its involvement with these securitisation structured entities and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over them. As such they are effectively controlled by the Group and are consolidated on a line by line basis in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Investment in joint venture
A joint arrangement is an arrangement over which the Group has joint control. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the Group has rights to a share of the net assets of the joint arrangement.
The Group's share of the results of a joint venture is included in the Consolidated Income Statement using the equity method of accounting. The Group's investment in a joint venture is carried in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at cost plus post-acquisition changes in the Group's share of the net assets of the entity, less any impairment.
If the Group's share of losses in a joint venture equals or exceeds its investment in the joint venture, the Group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred obligations to do so or made payments on behalf of the joint venture.
The Company's investment in a joint venture is stated at cost less any impairment.
Revenue recognition
Net interest income recognition
Interest income and expense for all financial instruments measured at amortised cost are recognised using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method.
The EIR method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or financial liability (or group of financial assets or financial liabilities) and of allocating the interest income or interest expense over the expected life of the financial asset or financial liability. The EIR is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash flows to the instrument's initial carrying amount. Calculation of the EIR takes into account fees receivable that are an integral part of the instrument's yield, premiums or discounts on acquisition or issue, early redemption fees and transaction costs. All contractual and behavioural terms of a financial instrument are considered when estimating future cash flows.
Net fees and commissions income recognition
Fees in respect of services (primarily Credit Card interchange fees) are recognised on an accruals basis when the service to the customer has been provided. The arrangements are generally contractual and the cost of providing the service is incurred as the service is rendered. The price is usually fixed and always determinable.
The Group generates commission from the sale and service of Motor and Home insurance policies underwritten by Tesco Underwriting Limited (TU) or, in a minority of cases, by a third party underwriter. This is based on commission rates which are independent of the profitability of underlying insurance policies. Similar commission income is also generated from the sale of white label insurance products underwritten by other third party providers. This commission income is recognised as such policies are sold, with a provision being recognised for commission expected to be repayable following the cancellation of policies by customers.
29
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Accounting Policies (continued)
Customer loyalty programmes
The Group participates in the customer loyalty programme operated by Tesco Stores Limited. The programme operates by allowing customers to accumulate Clubcard points on purchases for future redemption against a range of Tesco products. The cost of providing Clubcard points to customers is recharged by Tesco Stores Limited to the Group and is treated as a deduction from net fees and commissions income in the Consolidated Income Statement in the period the costs are incurred.
The Group has no obligation to customers in respect of Clubcard points once the obligation with Tesco Stores Limited is settled.
Dividend income
Dividends are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement when the entity's right to receive payment is established.
Taxation
The tax charge or credit included in the Consolidated Income Statement consists of current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case it is recognised in other comprehensive income or equity, respectively.
Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.
Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the Company and Consolidated Financial Statements. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be realised.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset against each other when there is a legally enforceable right to set-off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and it is the intention to settle these on a net basis.
30
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Accounting Policies (continued)
Foreign currency translation
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate prevailing at the date of the transaction.
Monetary items denominated in foreign currency are translated at the closing rate as at the reporting date.
Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of foreign currency transactions and from the translation at year end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement, except when deferred in equity as gains or losses from qualifying cash flow hedging instruments. All foreign exchange gains and losses recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement are presented net in the Consolidated Income Statement within the corresponding item. Foreign exchange gains and losses on other comprehensive income items are presented in other comprehensive income within the corresponding item.
In the case of changes in the fair value of monetary assets denominated in foreign currency classified as available-for-sale, a distinction is made between translation differences resulting from changes in the amortised cost of the security and other changes in the carrying amount of the security. Translation differences related to the changes in the amortised cost are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement, and other changes in the carrying amount, except impairment, are recognised in equity.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash in hand and demand deposits with banks together with short-term highly liquid investments with short term maturities.
Financial instruments
The Group classifies a financial instrument that it issues as a financial asset, financial liability or an equity instrument in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement. An instrument is classified as a liability if it creates a contractual obligation to deliver cash or another financial asset, or to exchange financial assets or financial liabilities on potentially unfavourable terms. An instrument is classified as equity if it evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after the deduction of liabilities.
Financial assets
The Group classifies its financial assets in the following categories: at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), loans and receivables, and available-for-sale. Management determine the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition. Purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date - the date on which the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.
Financial assets at FVTPL include financial assets held for trading and those designated at FVTPL at inception. Financial assets held at FVTPL are recognised at fair value with any gains or losses included in the Consolidated Income Statement in the period in which they arise. Transaction costs are expensed at the time of initial recognition. Derivative financial assets are classified as held for trading unless they are accounted for as an effective hedging instrument but are not separately categorised in the Statement of Financial Position. The Group does not currently hold any financial assets designated at FVTPL at inception.
31
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Accounting Policies (continued)
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Subsequent to initial recognition at fair value plus transaction costs, these assets are carried at amortised cost using the EIR method and adjusted for any impairment losses or adjustments made as part of fair value hedging arrangements.
Available-for-sale financial assets are non-derivative financial assets that are either designated in this category or not classified in any of the other categories. Subsequent to initial recognition at fair value plus transaction costs, these financial assets are recorded at fair value, with the movements in fair value recognised in other comprehensive income until the financial asset is derecognised or impaired, at which time the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in other comprehensive income is recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement. For available-for-sale financial assets in fair value hedge relationships, the element of the fair value movement which relates to the hedged risk is recycled to the Consolidated Income Statement.
Financial liabilities
All of the financial liabilities held by the Group, other than derivative financial liabilities, are measured at amortised cost using the EIR method, after initial recognition at fair value. Fair value is calculated as the issue proceeds, net of premiums, discounts and transaction costs incurred. The Group does not hold any financial liabilities classified as held for trading. For financial liabilities in fair value hedge relationships, the carrying value is adjusted by the hedged item (the fair value of the underlying hedged risk) through the Consolidated Income Statement.
Derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities
Financial assets are derecognised when the contractual rights to receive cash flows have expired or where substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred and the transfer qualifies for derecognition. Financial liabilities are derecognised when they have been redeemed or otherwise extinguished.
Collateral furnished by the Group under standard repurchase agreements is not derecognised because the Group retains substantially all the risks and rewards on the basis of the predetermined repurchase price, therefore the criteria for derecognition are not met. Credit Card receivables assigned by the Group to a securitisation structured entity do not qualify for derecognition, as the Group retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the securitised Credit Card receivables.
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the Company and Consolidated Statements of Financial Position when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise an asset and settle a liability simultaneously.
Impairment of financial assets
The Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or portfolio of financial assets is impaired and an impairment loss incurred if there is objective evidence that an event or events since initial recognition of the financial asset or group of financial assets have adversely affected the amount or timing of future cash flows expected from the financial asset or group of financial assets.
32
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Accounting Policies (continued)
Financial assets carried at amortised cost
If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss on a financial asset or group of financial assets classified as loans and receivables has been incurred, the Group measures the amount of the loss as the difference between the carrying amount of the financial asset or group of financial assets and the present value of estimated future cash flows from the financial asset or group of financial assets discounted at the EIR of the instrument(s) at initial recognition. Impairment losses are assessed individually for financial assets that are individually significant and collectively for financial assets that are not individually significant. In making the collective assessment of impairment, financial assets are grouped into portfolios on the basis of similar risk characteristics. Future cash flows from these portfolios are estimated on the basis of the estimated cash recoveries and historical loss experience for financial assets with similar credit risk characteristics.
Impairment losses are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement and the carrying amount of the financial asset or group of financial assets is reduced by establishing an allowance for impairment losses. If, in a subsequent year, the amount of the impairment loss reduces and the reduction can be related objectively to an event after the impairment was recognised, the previously recognised loss is reversed by adjusting the allowance.
When a loan is deemed uncollectable it is written off against the related provision after all of the necessary procedures have been completed and the amount of the loss has been determined. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off received from customers or other third parties are recognised directly in the Consolidated Income Statement as a reduction in the loan impairment charge for the year.
Financial assets classified as available-for-sale
In the case of debt instruments classified as available-for-sale, the recognition of an impairment loss occurs if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset (a loss event), and that have an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset and which can be reliably measured. If any such evidence exists for available-for-sale financial assets, the cumulative loss - measured as the difference between the acquisition cost and the current fair value, less any impairment loss on that financial asset previously recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement - is removed from equity and recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement. If, in a subsequent period, the fair value of a debt instrument classified as available-for-sale increases, and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was reported in the Consolidated Income Statement, the impairment loss is reversed through the Consolidated Income Statement.
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting
The Group uses derivative financial instruments for the purpose of providing an economic hedge to its exposures to interest rate and foreign exchange risks as they arise from operating, financing and investment activities. The Group does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. Derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the contract date and are remeasured at their fair value at subsequent reporting dates.
33
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Accounting Policies (continued)
Hedge accounting
The Group designates certain hedging instruments as either fair value hedges or cash flow hedges, where it is efficient to do so and the IAS 39, 'Financial instruments: Recognition and measurement', criteria are met. The Group applies hedge accounting as follows:
Hedge relationships are classified as fair value hedges where the derivative financial instruments hedge the change in the fair value of fixed rate financial assets or financial liabilities due to movements in interest rates.
Hedge relationships are classified as cash flow hedges where the derivative financial instruments hedge the inflation risk on an index linked issued bond.
To qualify for hedge accounting, the Group documents, at the inception of the hedge: the hedging risk management strategy; the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item or transaction; and the nature of the risks being hedged. The Group also documents the assessment of the effectiveness of the hedging relationship, to show that the hedge has been and will be highly effective on an ongoing basis.
Fair value hedges
Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that are designated as fair value hedges are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement. The hedged item is also adjusted for changes in fair value attributable to the hedged risk, with the corresponding adjustment made in the Consolidated Income Statement.
If the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the adjustment to the carrying amount of a hedged item is amortised to the Consolidated Income Statement over the remaining period to maturity.
Cash flow hedges
Changes in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments that are designated as hedges of future cash flows are recognised directly in other comprehensive income and the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the Consolidated Income Statement. Amounts recognised in other comprehensive income are recycled to the Consolidated Income Statement when equivalent amounts of the hedged item are recognised in profit or loss.
When the hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss existing in equity at that time is recognised immediately in the Consolidated Income Statement.
Derivative financial instruments not in hedge accounting relationships
Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement as they arise.
Impairment of non-financial assets
Non-financial assets are reviewed for impairment when there are indications that the carrying value may not be recoverable. In the event that an asset's carrying amount is determined to be greater than its recoverable amount, an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Consolidated Income Statement and the carrying value of the asset is written down by the amount of the loss. The recoverable amount is the higher of the asset's fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets for which an impairment loss has been recognised are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date.
34
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Accounting Policies (continued)
Property, plant and equipment
Items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Subsequent expenditure is included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group. All other repairs and maintenance costs are charged to the Consolidated Income Statement in the period in which they are incurred.
Depreciation is charged to the Consolidated Income Statement on a straight-line basis so as to allocate the costs less residual values over the lower of the useful life of the related asset and, for leasehold improvements, the expected lease term. Depreciation commences on the date that the assets are brought into use. Work in progress assets are not depreciated until they are brought into use and transferred to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment. Estimated useful lives are:
· Plant and equipment 2 to 8 years
· Fixtures and fittings 4 to 14 years
· Computer hardware 3 to 10 years
· Freehold buildings 40 years
· Leasehold improvements 15 to 20 years
The assets' residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each reporting date. Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in administrative expenses in the Consolidated Income Statement.
During the year, the Group reassessed the useful life of certain of its tangible fixed assets, reducing the expected life to a maximum of one year. Refer to note 23 for further detail.
Intangible assets
Acquired intangible assets
Intangible assets that are acquired by the Group are stated at historical cost less accumulated amortisation and any impairment losses. Amortisation is charged to the Consolidated Income Statement on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. The Group's intangible assets are computer software, for which the estimated useful lives are 3 to 10 years.
Internally generated intangible assets - research and development expenditure
Research costs are expensed in the Consolidated Income Statement as incurred.
Development expenditure incurred on an individual project is capitalised only if all of the following criteria are demonstrated:
· an asset is created that can be identified (such as software);
· it is probable that the asset created will generate future economic benefits; and
· the development cost of the asset can be measured reliably.
Following the initial recognition of development expenditure, the cost is amortised over the estimated useful life of the asset created. Amortisation commences on the date that the asset is brought into use. Work in progress assets are not amortised until they are brought into use and transferred to the appropriate category of intangible assets.
35
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Accounting Policies (continued)
During the year, the Group reassessed the useful life of certain of its intangible fixed assets, reducing the expected life to a maximum of one year. Refer to note 22 for further detail.
Leases
If a lease agreement, in which the Group is a lessee, does not transfer the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset, the lease is recorded as an operating lease.
Operating lease payments are charged to the Consolidated Income Statement on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease. Where an operating lease is terminated before the lease period has expired, any payment required to be made to the lessor as compensation is charged to the Consolidated Income Statement in the period in which the termination takes place.
The Group has entered into a number of operating leases for office buildings.
Employee benefits
The Group accounts for pension costs on a contributions basis in line with the requirements of IAS 19 'Employee Benefits'. The Group made contributions in the year to a funded defined benefit scheme and a funded defined contribution scheme. Both of these schemes are operated by Tesco Stores Limited.
IAS 19 requires that, where there is no policy or agreement for sharing the cost of a defined benefit scheme across the subsidiaries, the Sponsoring employer recognises the net defined benefit cost of a defined benefit scheme. The Sponsoring employer of the funded defined benefit scheme is Tesco Stores Limited and the principal pension plan is the Tesco PLC pension scheme.
Share based payments
Employees of the Group receive part of their remuneration in the form of share based payment transactions, whereby employees render services in exchange for Tesco PLC shares or rights over shares (equity-settled transactions) or in exchange for entitlements to cash based payments based on the value of the shares (cash-settled transactions).
The fair value of employee share option plans is calculated at the grant date using the Black-Scholes model. The resulting cost is recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement over the vesting period. The value of the charge is adjusted to reflect expected and actual levels of vesting.
The grant by Tesco PLC of options over its equity instruments to the employees of the Group is treated as a capital contribution in equity. The social security contribution payable in connection with the grant of the share options is considered an integral part of the grant itself, and the charge is treated as a cash-settled transaction.
Provision for liabilities and charges and contingent liabilities
A provision is recognised where there is a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is more likely than not that an outflow of economic resources will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount can be reliably estimated.
Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditure expected to be required to settle the obligation.
A contingent liability is a possible obligation which is dependent on the outcome of uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Group, or a present obligation where an outflow of economic resources is not likely or the amount cannot be reliably measured.
Contingent liabilities are not recognised in the Company or Consolidated Statement of Financial Position but are disclosed unless the possibility of an outflow of economic resources is remote.
36
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Accounting Policies (continued)
Dividends paid
Dividends are recognised in equity in the period they are approved by the Group's Board.
Segment reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker is the person or group that allocates resources to and assesses the performance of the operating segments of an entity. The Group has determined the Board of Directors as its chief operating decision-maker.
During the year, the reportable segments were reduced from two to one segment. Refer to note 3 for further detail.
Sale and repurchase agreements
Investment securities sold subject to a commitment to repurchase them at a predetermined price are retained on the Company and Consolidated Statements of Financial Position when substantially all of the risk and rewards of ownership remain with the Group. The counterparty liability is included in deposits from banks.
Encumbered assets
During the year, the Group amended the methodology used to identify encumbered assets to align to definitions used in calculating the Group's Pillar 3 encumbrance disclosures.
This amendment does not have any effect on the Group's primary statements.
37
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgements in Applying Accounting Policies
The reported results of the Group are sensitive to the accounting policies, assumptions and estimates that underlie the preparation of its Financial Statements. The Group's principal accounting policies are set out in note 1. United Kingdom company law and IFRSs require the Directors, in preparing the Group's Financial Statements, to select suitable accounting policies, apply them consistently and make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent. Where accounting standards are not specific and Management have to choose a policy, IAS 8, 'Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors', requires them to adopt policies that will result in relevant and reliable information in the light of the requirements and guidance in IFRSs dealing with similar and related issues and the IASB Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements.
The judgements and assumptions involved in the Group's accounting policies that are considered to be the most important to the portrayal of its financial condition are discussed below. The use of estimates, assumptions or models that differ from those adopted by the Group would affect its reported results.
Loan impairment provisions
The Group's loan impairment provisions are established to recognise incurred impairment losses in its portfolio of customer loans classified as loans and receivables and carried at amortised cost. A loan is impaired when there is objective evidence that events since the loan was granted have affected expected cash flows from the loan. The impairment loss is the difference between the carrying value of the loan and the present value of estimated future cash flows at the loan's original EIR.
The Group's loan impairment provisions are established on a portfolio basis using a statistical methodology taking into account the level of arrears, collateral, past loss experience and defaults based on portfolio trends. The most significant factors in establishing these provisions are the expected loss rates. These portfolios include Mortgages, Credit Card receivables, Personal Loans and Personal Current Accounts. The future credit quality of these portfolios is subject to uncertainties that could cause actual credit losses to differ materially from reported loan impairment provisions.
The key assumptions used in the statistical models are the probability of default; the expected cash recoveries included in the loss given default; and the loss emergence period. These key assumptions are monitored throughout the year to ensure the impairment provision takes into account the most recent trends observed in each portfolio.
The table below shows a sensitivity analysis of key assumptions, demonstrating the impact on the unsecured Personal Loan receivables provision and the unsecured Credit Card receivables provision, respectively, of a variation in each.
|
| Consequential change in provision | |||
Assumption | Change in assumption | Unsecured Personal Loan receivables | Unsecured Credit Card receivables | ||
|
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
|
| £m | £m | £m | £m |
Probability of default | +/- 10% | +/- 3.9 | +/- 2.3 | +/- 2.0 | +/- 1.8 |
Expected cash recoveries | +/- 10% | -/+ 2.2 | -/+ 2.0 | -/+ 2.9 | -/+ 2.6 |
Loss emergence period | +/- 1 month | +/- 4.1 | +/- 2.7 | +/- 3.5 | +/- 3.3 |
Individual impairment losses on secured Mortgages are estimated using an individual valuation of the underlying asset. Although the portfolio is growing, sensitivity to movement in the House Price Index remains relatively low.
The impairment loss on loans and advances is disclosed in further detail in note 9.
38
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgements in Applying Accounting Policies (continued)
Effective interest rate (EIR)
IAS 39 requires the Group to measure the interest earned on its Credit Cards portfolio by applying the EIR methodology. The main area of judgement in measuring the EIR on the Group's Credit Card portfolio is the expected attrition of the balances drawn at the reporting date.
Management use a pay rates assumption to determine the expected repayment profile of the balances drawn as at the reporting date to the expected remaining term (capped to a maximum of 5 years from origination).
An increase of the pay rates assumption by 10% will reduce the asset value by £1.9m and a corresponding reduction of the pay rates assumption will increase the asset value by £2.0m.
Provision for customer redress
The Group has a provision for potential customer redress in relation to Payment Protection Insurance (PPI). Refer to note 27 for further details, including the key assumptions made in arriving at each element of this provision and a sensitivity analysis of key assumptions in the PPI model.
Investment in joint venture
The Group holds an investment in a joint venture, Tesco Underwriting Limited (TU), an authorised insurance company, and recognises the carrying value of its investment and the Group's share of TU's results using the equity method of accounting (see note 1 for further details).
TU's results are sensitive to changes in the insurance reserves it recognises in respect of insurance policies written, net of reinsurance. Consequently, material increases in these reserves could have an impact on the carrying value of the investment in the Company and Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
The impact of any increase in reserves is determined by TU's ability to amend its pricing to reflect the increased costs of providing cover under the policies written.
A key element of the reserving calculation is the application of the Ogden tables, which are used to calculate the cost of any claim that involves compensation for loss of future benefits. The tables provide an estimate of the return to be expected from the investment of a lump sum damages award. A discount rate of 2.5% was set in 2001 and was previously used by TU in assessing its reserves for relevant cases.
Following a consultation by the Ministry of Justice (MoJ), which was launched in August 2012, a new rate of -0.75% was set by the MoJ on 27 February 2017 and is effective from 20 March 2017. The impact of this in TU was a post-tax charge of £45.7m, of which the Group has recognised £22.8m in the Consolidated Income Statement for the year through its share of TU's results. The carrying value of the Group's investment in TU has been correspondingly reduced by an equivalent amount. A full reconciliation of the Group's carrying value of TU is set out at note 20.
A reduction in the Ogden rate for 2017 to -1.0% would decrease the carrying value of the Group's investment in TU by £0.4m. An increase in the Ogden rate for 2017 to +1.0% would increase the carrying value of the Group's investment in TU by £0.7m.
39
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Segmental Reporting
Following the measurement approach of IFRS 8, 'Operating Segments', the Group's operating segments are reported in accordance with the internal reporting provided to the Board of Directors, which is responsible for allocating resources to the operating segments and assessing their performance.
During the year, the Group underwent an organisational restructure which combined the Banking and Insurance businesses together into a single function, enabling reporting of business results to the Board of Directors, as chief operating decision-maker, to be streamlined to a single segment focussed upon the customer.
The reportable segments at 28 February 2017 have therefore reduced from two segments (Banking and Insurance) to one segment, covering all of the Group's activities. Accordingly, prior periods have been restated to present a single reportable segment, the results of which are set out in the Consolidated Income Statement and Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
4. Net Interest Income
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Interest and similar income |
| |
On assets held at amortised cost |
| |
Loans and advances to customers | 592.9 | 551.5 |
Loans and advances to banks | 2.4 | 3.0 |
Interest on investment securities - loans and receivables | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| 596.7 | 555.9 |
On assets held at fair value |
| |
Interest on investment securities - available-for-sale | 21.4 | 18.9 |
| 21.4 | 18.9 |
|
| |
Total | 618.1 | 574.8 |
|
| |
Interest expense and similar charges |
| |
On liabilities held at amortised cost |
| |
Deposits from customers | (111.9) | (103.0) |
Deposits from banks | (3.1) | (5.7) |
Debt securities in issue | (26.5) | (32.3) |
Subordinated liabilities and notes | (4.3) | (4.5) |
| (145.8) | (145.5) |
On liabilities held at fair value |
| |
Interest rate swap expenses | (33.1) | (24.5) |
| (33.1) | (24.5) |
|
| |
Total | (178.9) | (170.0) |
|
| |
Net interest income | 439.2 | 404.8 |
40
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
5. Net Fees and Commissions Income
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Fees and commissions income |
| |
Banking income | 254.2 | 268.4 |
Insurance income | 123.2 | 124.5 |
Other income | 16.6 | 13.2 |
| 394.0 | 406.1 |
|
| |
Fees and commissions expense |
| |
Banking expense | (31.3) | (30.8) |
|
| |
Net fees and commissions income | 362.7 | 375.3 |
6. Gains/(Losses) on Financial Instruments, Movements on Derivatives and Hedge Accounting
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
|
| |
Foreign exchange gain on financial assets | 10.5 | 9.4 |
Net losses arising on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under IAS 39 | (8.1) | (15.1) |
Fair value hedge ineffectiveness (refer to note 15) | 3.9 | (2.4) |
| 6.3 | (8.1) |
7. Realised Gain on Investment Securities
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
|
|
|
Financial assets classified as available-for-sale |
|
|
Realised gain on disposals | 4.2 | 0.6 |
| 4.2 | 0.6 |
41
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
8. Administrative Expenses
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Staff costs |
| |
Wages and salaries | 107.3 | 108.7 |
Social security costs | 11.6 | 10.0 |
Other pension costs | 4.8 | 6.5 |
Share based payments | 9.9 | 12.1 |
Other costs including temporary staff | 32.2 | 35.4 |
Restructuring costs* | 6.9 | 1.0 |
| 172.7 | 173.7 |
Non staff costs |
| |
Premises and equipment | 72.3 | 76.2 |
Operating leases | 4.2 | 4.9 |
Marketing | 62.2 | 63.0 |
Auditor's remuneration (refer below) | 0.6 | 0.6 |
Outsourcing and professional fees | 66.2 | 65.7 |
Other administrative expenses | 43.8 | 44.2 |
Restructuring costs* | 3.0 | ‒ |
| 252.3 | 254.6 |
| 425.0 | 428.3 |
*During the year, the Group recognised organisational restructuring costs within administrative expenses amounting to £9.9m (2016: £1.0m), of which £6.9m (2016: £1.0m) related to staff costs and £3.0m (2016: £nil) related to property operating lease exit costs.
During the year the Group obtained the following services from the incumbent auditor, Deloitte.
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £'000 | £'000 |
Audit services |
| |
Audit of the Company and Consolidated Financial Statements | 397 | 397 |
Audit of the Company's subsidiaries | 32 | 32 |
| 429 | 429 |
Non audit services |
| |
Audit related assurance services | 84 | 52 |
Taxation advisory services | ‒ | 76 |
Other non audit services not covered above | 79 | 86 |
| 163 | 214 |
Total auditor's remuneration | 592 | 643 |
The average monthly number of persons (including Executive Directors) employed by the Group split by employee function during the year, was:
| 2017 | 2016 |
| Number | Number |
|
| |
Head office and administration* | 1,248 | 1,162 |
Operations* | 2,630 | 2,469 |
| 3,878 | 3,631 |
*During the year, the Group underwent an organisational restructure. As a result, the classification of roles between Head office and administration and Operations was redefined, with a significant number of employee roles being reclassified from Operations to Head office and administration.
42
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
9. Impairment on Loans and Advances to Customers
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Loans and advances to customers |
| |
Increase in impairment allowance, net of recoveries* | 100.9 | 64.2 |
Impairment charge on Irish Credit Card book | 1.9 | ‒ |
Total impairment allowances, net of recoveries (refer note 14) | 102.8 | 64.2 |
|
| |
Insurance premiums written off during the year as uncollectable | 3.6 | 3.6 |
| 106.4 | 67.8 |
*Recoveries include £21.6m received through the sale of non-performing debt to third parties (2016: £19.7m).
10. Directors' Emoluments
The remuneration of the Directors paid by the Group during the year was as follows:
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Aggregate emoluments | 5.2 | 5.2 |
Aggregate amounts receivable under long-term incentive schemes | 2.1 | 4.5 |
Loss of office | 0.4 | ‒ |
Share based payments | 1.2 | 1.5 |
Total emoluments | 8.9 | 11.2 |
| 2017 | 2016 |
| Number | Number |
Number of Directors to whom retirement benefits are accruing under defined benefit schemes | ‒ | ‒ |
Number of Directors in respect of whose qualifying services shares were received or receivable under long term incentive schemes | 4 | 5 |
Number of Directors who exercised share options in the year | ‒ | ‒ |
The total emoluments of the highest paid Director were £2.1m (2016: £2.2m). During the year the highest paid Director did not exercise any share options (2016: £nil).
At 28 February 2017 the accrued pension and lump sum under a defined benefit scheme for the highest paid Director was £nil (2016: £nil).
During the year to 28 February 2017 three Directors (2016: one Director) left the company. One Director was paid a sum of £0.4m (2016: £nil) upon leaving, in line with contractual terms and conditions.
43
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
11. Income Tax
Income tax (credit)/charge
|
| 2017 | 2016 |
|
| £m | £m |
Current tax charge for the year |
| 42.0 | 52.1 |
Adjustments in respect of prior years |
| (51.5) | (41.8) |
Total current tax (credit)/charge for the year |
| (9.5) | 10.3 |
|
|
| |
Deferred tax credit for the year | 21 | (15.2) | (5.4) |
Tax rate change | 21 | (1.3) | 7.3 |
Adjustments in respect of prior years | 21 | (1.3) | (10.0) |
Total deferred tax credit for the year |
| (17.8) | (8.1) |
|
|
| |
Income tax (credit)/charge |
| (27.3) | 2.2 |
The standard rate of corporation tax in the UK was changed from 21% to 20% with effect from 1 April 2015. This gives a blended Corporation Tax rate for the Group for the full year of 20.0% (2016: 20.1%). In addition, a banking surcharge of 8% was introduced with effect from 1 January 2016.
The tax assessed for the full year is lower (2016: lower) than that calculated using the overall blended Corporation Tax rate for the Group. The differences are explained below:
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Profit before taxation | 110.1 | 187.9 |
|
| |
Profit on ordinary activities multiplied by blended rate in the UK of 20.0% (2016: 20.1%) | 22.0 | 37.8 |
|
| |
Factors affecting charge for the year: |
| |
Group relief surrendered without payment in respect of the current year | (24.0) | ‒ |
Impact of banking surcharge | 17.5 | 2.9 |
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes* | 8.8 | 3.1 |
Adjustment in respect of prior years - current tax** | (51.5) | (41.8) |
Adjustment in respect of prior years - deferred tax | (1.3) | (10.0) |
Share based payments | 1.1 | 2.4 |
Other tax adjustments | (1.7) | ‒ |
Tax rate change | (1.3) | 7.3 |
Share of loss of joint venture | 3.1 | 0.5 |
|
| |
Income tax (credit)/charge | (27.3) | 2.2 |
\* The majority of the adjustment relates to the non deductibility of an additional PPI provision of £45.0m recognised in the year.
*\* The 2016 adjustment in respect of prior years arises largely as a result of group relief being made available to the Company from the Tesco PLC tax group, reducing the tax charge in respect of 2015 by £35.4m.
*\* The 2017 adjustment in respect of prior years arises largely as a result of group relief being made available to the Company from the Tesco PLC tax group, reducing the tax charge in respect of 2016 by £48.8m.
44
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
11. Income Tax (continued)
In July 2015 the Summer Budget Statement included an announcement that the standard rate of corporation tax would be reduced to 19% from 1 April 2017, and further reduced to 18% from 1 April 2020. The March 2016 Budget Statement included an announcement that the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK would be further reduced to 17% from 1 April 2020. All of these rate reductions were enacted by the reporting date and are therefore incorporated in these Financial Statements. The changes are expected to reduce the Group's effective tax rate in the medium term.
Income tax relating to components of other comprehensive income
| Before tax amount | Tax charge | Net of tax amount |
2017 | £m | £m | £m |
Net gains on available-for-sale investment securities | 7.1 | (5.0) | 2.1 |
Net gains on cash flow hedges | 1.6 | (0.6) | 1.0 |
| 8.7 | (5.6) | 3.1 |
Before tax amount | Tax credit | Net of tax amount | |
2016 | £m | £m | £m |
Net losses on available-for-sale investment securities | (2.8) | 0.5 | (2.3) |
Net losses on cash flow hedges | (3.0) | 0.7 | (2.3) |
(5.8) | 1.2 | (4.6) |
Deferred tax charged directly to the Statement of Changes in Equity
| Before tax amount | Tax credit | Net of tax amount |
2017 | £m | £m | £m |
Net gains on share based payments | 0.9 | 2.8 | 3.7 |
| 0.9 | 2.8 | 3.7 |
Before tax amount | Tax credit | Net of tax amount | |
2016 | £m | £m | £m |
Net gains on share based payments | 10.1 | ‒ | 10.1 |
10.1 | ‒ | 10.1 |
12. Distributions to Equity Holders
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Ordinary dividend paid | 50.0 | 50.0 |
On 22 February 2017 an interim dividend of £50.0m (£0.0410 per ordinary share) was paid. In the prior year, an interim dividend of £50.0m (£0.0410 per ordinary share) was paid on 23 February 2016.
45
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
13. Cash and Balances with Central Banks
| Group | Company | ||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m | £m | £m |
Cash at bank | 156.1 | 115.3 | 47.7 | 57.0 |
Balances held with the Bank of England other than mandatory reserve deposits | 632.5 | 436.5 | 632.5 | 436.5 |
Included in cash and cash equivalents (note 36) | 788.6 | 551.8 | 680.2 | 493.5 |
|
|
| ||
Mandatory reserves deposits held with the Bank of England | 14.3 | 13.1 | 14.3 | 13.1 |
| 802.9 | 564.9 | 694.5 | 506.6 |
Mandatory reserve deposits are not available in the Group's day to day operations and are non interest bearing. Other balances are subject to variable interest rates based on the Bank of England base rates.
14. Loans and Advances to Customers
Group and Company | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Secured Mortgage lending | 2,160.7 | 1,671.8 |
Unsecured lending | 7,970.9 | 6,997.5 |
Fair value hedge adjustment | 23.4 | 30.3 |
Gross loans and advances to customers | 10,155.0 | 8,699.6 |
|
| |
Less: allowance for impairment | (193.8) | (153.9) |
|
| |
Net loans and advances to customers | 9,961.2 | 8,545.7 |
|
| |
Current | 4,166.1 | 3,820.9 |
Non-current | 5,795.1 | 4,724.8 |
Fair value hedge adjustments
Fair value hedge adjustments amounting to £23.4m (2016: £30.3m) are in respect of fixed rate Loans and Mortgages. These adjustments are largely offset by derivatives, which are used to manage interest rate risk and are designated as fair value hedges within loans and advances to customers.
Allowance for impairment
The following table shows the movement in the provision for impairment on loans and advances to customers:
Group and Company | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
At beginning of year | 153.9 | 139.5 |
Amounts written off | (60.3) | (47.3) |
Increase in allowance, net of recoveries*, charged to the income statement (refer to note 9) | 102.8 | 64.2 |
Foreign currency translation | 0.1 | 0.2 |
Unwind of discount | (2.7) | (2.7) |
At end of year | 193.8 | 153.9 |
*Recoveries include £21.6m received through the sale of non-performing debt to third parties (2016: £19.7m).
46
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
15. Derivative Financial Instruments
Strategy in using derivative financial instruments
The objective when using a derivative financial instrument is to ensure that the risk to reward profile of a transaction is optimised, allowing the Group to manage its exposure to interest rate and foreign exchange rate risk. The intention is to only use derivatives to create economically effective hedges. There are specific requirements stipulated under IAS 39 which must be met for a derivative to qualify for hedge accounting. As a result, not all derivatives can be designated as being in an accounting hedge relationship, either because natural accounting offsets are expected or because obtaining hedge accounting would be especially onerous.
For those derivatives where hedge accounting is applied, gains and losses are offset by hedge adjustments in the Consolidated Income Statement. For those derivatives held for economic hedging purposes which cannot be designated as being in an accounting hedge relationship, the gains and losses are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement. In the Statement of Financial Position there is no distinction between derivatives where hedge accounting is applied and derivatives which cannot be designated as being in an accounting hedge relationship.
Fair value hedge
The Group's risk management objective of creating economically effective hedges is to use interest rate contracts to swap fixed rate exposures back to a floating rate LIBOR basis where no existing offset is available. This includes the hedging of fixed rate Personal Loans, Mortgages and certain Savings balances, holdings of fixed rate investment securities and issuances of fixed rate debt, which protects the Group against the fair value volatility of these financial assets and financial liabilities due to movements in interest rates. Each swap is defined as hedging one or more fixed rate assets or liabilities.
Cash flow hedge
The Group held five inflation linked interest rate swaps (2016: five) as cash flow hedges to mitigate the variability in cash flows associated with an inflation linked debt security issued by the Bank. The cash flows are expected to occur over the term to maturity in December 2019.
Ineffectiveness recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement in respect of cash flow hedges for the 12 months to 28 February 2017 was £nil (2016: £nil). Amounts are recycled from the cash flow hedge reserve when the underlying hedge item affects the Consolidated Income Statement. Therefore as the carrying value of the asset or liability is adjusted in respect of movements in the hedged risk, recycled amounts directly offset this adjustment within net interest income. Recycled amounts for the 12 months to 28 February 2017 were £2.3m (2016: £2.8m).
47
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
15. Derivative Financial Instruments (continued)
Derivatives not in a hedge relationship
All derivative financial instruments are held for economic hedging purposes, although not all derivatives are designated as hedging instruments under the terms of IAS 39. The Group has the following derivative contracts in economic hedge relationships but not in accounting hedge relationships:
· Foreign exchange forward contracts and cross currency interest rate swaps used to hedge the exchange rate risk inherent in cash flows from foreign currency assets
· Interest rate swaps that were not previously held in hedge accounting relationships and are viewed as trading derivatives under IAS 39.
The analysis below splits derivatives between those classified in hedge accounting relationships and those not in hedge accounting relationships.
Group and Company | Notional | Asset fair value | Liability fair value |
2017 | £m | £m | £m |
Derivatives in hedge accounting relationships |
|
|
|
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges |
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps | 3,528.4 | 13.2 | (116.2) |
|
|
|
|
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges |
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps | 60.0 | ‒ | (1.7) |
RPI basis swaps | 60.0 | 11.2 | ‒ |
Total derivatives in hedge accounting relationships | 3,648.4 | 24.4 | (117.9) |
|
|
|
|
Group and Company | Notional | Asset fair value | Liability fair value |
2017 | £m | £m | £m |
Derivatives not in hedge accounting relationships |
|
|
|
Interest rate derivatives |
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps | 1,226.8 | 3.2 | (6.0) |
|
|
|
|
Currency derivatives |
|
|
|
Forward foreign exchange contracts | 35.5 | 0.1 | (0.2) |
Cross currency swaps | 71.4 | 1.0 | (9.2) |
Total derivatives not in hedge accounting relationships | 1,333.7 | 4.3 | (15.4) |
|
|
|
|
Total derivative financial instruments | 4,982.1 | 28.7 | (133.3) |
48
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
15. Derivative Financial Instruments (continued)
Group and Company | Notional | Asset fair value | Liability fair value |
2016 | £m | £m | £m |
Derivatives in hedge accounting relationships | |||
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges | |||
Interest rate swaps | 3,495.7 | 12.9 | (129.1) |
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | |||
Interest rate swaps | 60.0 | ‒ | (1.9) |
RPI basis swaps | 60.0 | 7.4 | ‒ |
Total derivatives in hedge accounting relationships | 3,615.7 | 20.3 | (131.0) |
Group and Company | Notional |
Asset fair value | Liability fair value |
2016 | £m | £m | £m |
Derivatives not in hedge accounting relationships | |||
Interest rate derivatives | |||
Interest rate swaps | 2,303.7 | 5.1 | (13.8) |
Currency derivatives | |||
Forward foreign exchange contracts | 32.7 | ‒ | (1.2) |
Cross currency swaps | 64.3 | 3.9 | (4.5) |
Total derivatives not in hedge accounting relationships | 2,400.7 | 9.0 | (19.5) |
Total derivative financial instruments | 6,016.4 | 29.3 | (150.5) |
Derivatives, whether designated in hedge accounting relationships or not, are regarded as current where they are expected to mature within one year. All other derivatives are regarded as non-current.
| Assets | Assets | Liabilities | Liabilities |
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m | £m | £m |
Current | 1.3 | ‒ | (17.0) | (7.3) |
Non-current | 27.4 | 29.3 | (116.3) | (143.2) |
| 28.7 | 29.3 | (133.3) | (150.5) |
The analysis below details the ineffectiveness in the fair value hedge relationships included in the Consolidated Income Statement:
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Fair value losses on interest rate swaps in designated fair value hedges | (11.5) | (33.0) |
Fair value hedge adjustments on hedged items | 15.4 | 30.6 |
Net gains/(losses) in Consolidated Income Statement (refer to note 6) | 3.9 | (2.4) |
49
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
16. Investment Securities
Group and Company | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
|
| |
Available-for-sale |
| |
Government-backed investment securities | 117.4 | 88.6 |
Gilts | 572.5 | 629.6 |
Supranational investments securities | 176.1 | 184.2 |
Other investment securities | 98.4 | 77.7 |
Equity securities | 1.7 | 3.5 |
| 966.1 | 983.6 |
Loans and receivables |
| |
Investment in subordinated debt issued by Tesco Underwriting Limited (TU) | 34.1 | 34.1 |
| 34.1 | 34.1 |
|
| |
Current | 190.4 | 90.6 |
Non-current | 809.8 | 927.1 |
There were no impairment charges within the year (2016: £nil).
Available-for-sale
Included in investment securities are fixed-interest investment securities totalling £883.2m (2016: £907.1m) and variable-interest investment securities amounting to £81.2m (2016: £73.0m).
The equity security above relates to the fair value of the Group's interest in VISA Inc. The prior year value of £3.5m related to the fair value of the Group's investment in VISA Europe Limited. Following closing of the deal by VISA Inc. to acquire VISA Europe Limited on 21 June 2016, the Group disposed of its investment in VISA Europe Limited for consideration of £4.2m.
As part of the transaction, the Group also acquired an interest in preferred stock issued by VISA Inc during the period, the estimated fair value of which is £1.7m at 28 February 2017. The preferred stock may be convertible into Class A Common Stock of VISA Inc. at certain future dates, the earliest point being June 2020. Conversion is contingent upon future events, principally related to the outcome of interchange litigation against VISA Europe Limited. As such, the valuation of £1.7m reflects both an illiquidity discount and the risk of a reduction in the conversion rate to VISA Inc. common stock. The reduction in the conversion rate is the most significant unobservable input to the valuation.
Loans and receivables
The investment in subordinated debt issued by TU relates to subordinated notes of £34.1m (2016: £34.1m). Interest receivable on these notes is based on a rate of three month LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 350 - 450 basis points (2016: 350 - 450 basis points). No impairment charges were recognised in respect of this investment (2016: £nil).
50
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
17. Prepayments and Accrued Income
Group and Company | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Prepayments | 7.9 | 6.4 |
Accrued income | 34.3 | 36.7 |
| 42.2 | 43.1 |
All amounts are classified as current at the year end.
18. Other Assets
| Group | Company | ||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m | £m | £m |
Amount due from insurance premiums and commissions receivable | 20.1 | 19.8 | 20.1 | 19.8 |
Accounts receivable and sundry receivables | 269.8 | 245.8 | 269.8 | 245.8 |
Amounts due from Tesco Group subsidiaries | 8.9 | 11.4 | 8.9 | 11.4 |
Amounts due from Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited and its subsidiaries | 0.3 | 0.3 | 88.4 | 38.5 |
| 299.1 | 277.3 | 387.2 | 315.5 |
All amounts are classified as current at the year end.
19. Investment in Group Undertakings
The following companies are accounted for as subsidiaries of the Group. These are securitisation structured entities established in connection with the Group's Credit Card securitisation transactions. Although none of the equity of the securitisation structured entities is owned by the Company, the nature of these entities means that the Group has the rights to variable returns from its involvement with these securitisation structured entities and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over them. As such they are effectively controlled by the Group. The Company does not hold any investments in Group undertakings.
Name of company | Nature of business | Place of incorporation | Registered address |
|
|
|
|
Delamare Cards Holdco Limited | Securitisation entity | UK | Asticus Building, 2nd floor, 21 Palmer Street, London, SW1H 0AD |
Delamare Cards MTN Issuer plc | Securitisation entity | UK | Asticus Building, 2nd floor, 21 Palmer Street, London, SW1H 0AD |
Delamare Cards Receivables Trustee Limited | Securitisation entity | UK | Asticus Building, 2nd floor, 21 Palmer Street, London, SW1H 0AD |
Delamare Cards Funding 1 Limited | Securitisation entity | UK | Asticus Building, 2nd floor, 21 Palmer Street, London, SW1H 0AD |
Delamare Cards Funding 2 Limited | Securitisation entity | UK | Asticus Building, 2nd floor, 21 Palmer Street, London, SW1H 0AD |
All of the above companies have a financial year end of 31 December. The management accounts of these entities are used to consolidate the results to 28 February 2017 within these Consolidated Financial Statements.
51
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
20. Investment in Joint Venture
The following table shows the aggregate movement in the Group's investment in its joint venture in the year:
Group | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
At beginning of year | 76.1 | 79.7 |
Share of loss of joint venture* | (15.6) | (2.6) |
Share of available-for-sale reserve of joint venture ** | 10.5 | (1.0) |
At end of year | 71.0 | 76.1 |
*Including a charge of £22.8m (2016: £nil), representing the Group's share of losses incurred by TU relating to the impact on TU's insurance reserves of a change in the Ogden tables.
*\* The Group's share of the movement in the available-for-sale reserve represents the recognised portion of other comprehensive income/(expense) of the joint venture.
Details of the Group's joint venture
|
|
|
| Ownership interest | |
Name of company | Registered address | Nature of business | Place of Incorporation | 2017 | 2016 |
Tesco Underwriting Limited | Ageas House, Hampshire Corporate Park, Templars Way, Eastleigh, Hampshire, SO53 3YA | Insurance | England | 49.9% of Ordinary Share Capital | 49.9% of Ordinary Share Capital |
TU is an authorised insurance company which provides the insurance underwriting service for a number of the Group's general insurance products. TU is a private company and there is no quoted market price available for its shares.
The Group uses the equity method of accounting for its investment in TU, which has a financial year end of 31 December. The accounting year end date for TU differs from that of the Group as it is in line with the other joint venture partner. The management accounts of TU are used to consolidate the results to 28 February 2017 within these Consolidated Financial Statements.
Summarised financial information for the joint venture
This information reflects the amounts presented in the management accounts of the joint venture (and not the Group's share of those amounts):
Group | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Non-current assets | 879.7 | 751.2 |
Current assets | 148.3 | 153.8 |
Current liabilities | (823.0) | (689.8) |
Non-current liabilities | (68.3) | (68.3) |
Net assets | 136.7 | 146.9 |
|
| |
Cash and cash equivalents | 42.5 | 67.4 |
Current financial liabilities (excluding trade and other payables and provisions) | (12.1) | (14.8) |
Non-current financial liabilities (excluding trade and other payables and provisions) | (68.3) | (68.3) |
52
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
20. Investment in Joint Venture (continued)
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Income Statement |
| |
Revenue | 373.6 | 387.5 |
Expenses including claims costs | (404.8) | (392.6) |
Loss for the year | (31.2) | (5.1) |
|
| |
Other comprehensive income/(expense) | 21.1 | (2.0) |
|
| |
Total comprehensive expense | (10.1) | (7.1) |
|
| |
The above loss includes the following: |
| |
Depreciation and amortisation | (2.7) | (3.5) |
Interest income | 14.4 | 13.1 |
Interest expense | (2.9) | (2.9) |
Income tax credit | 2.5 | 2.3 |
Reconciliation of the summarised financial position
A reconciliation of the summarised financial information presented to the carrying amount of the investment in joint venture is as follows.
Group | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
|
| |
Net assets of the joint venture | 136.7 | 146.9 |
|
| |
Group share at 49.9% | 68.2 | 73.3 |
Capitalised legal costs included in investment carrying value | 2.8 | 2.8 |
Carrying value of investment in joint venture at end of year | 71.0 | 76.1 |
Other information
There are no contingent liabilities or commitments in respect of the joint venture. The investment in the joint venture is classified as non-current.
Company
The Company carries the investment in the joint venture at cost. The following table shows the aggregate movement in the Company's investment in the joint venture in the year:
Company | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
|
| |
At beginning and end of year | 71.0 | 71.0 |
53
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
21. Deferred Income Tax Liability
The deferred income tax liability can be analysed as follows:
2017 | Accelerated capital allowances | Other | Total |
Group and Company | £m | £m | £m |
|
|
|
|
At beginning of year | (32.9) | 1.9 | (31.0) |
Credited to the Consolidated Income Statement in the current year | 15.1 | 0.1 | 15.2 |
Credited/(charged) to the Consolidated Income Statement for prior years | 1.6 | (0.3) | 1.3 |
Charged to equity | ‒ | (0.5) | (0.5) |
Change in tax rate | 1.2 | 0.1 | 1.3 |
At end of year | (15.0) | 1.3 | (13.7) |
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax asset to be recovered within one year |
|
| 1.4 |
Deferred tax asset to be recovered after more than one year |
|
| 2.8 |
|
|
| 4.2 |
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax liability to be recovered within one year |
|
| (3.6) |
Deferred tax liability to be recovered after more than one year |
|
| (14.3) |
|
|
| (17.9) |
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax liabilities (net) |
|
| (13.7) |
2016 | Accelerated capital allowances | Other | Total |
Group and Company | £m | £m | £m |
At beginning of year | (45.1) | 5.3 | (39.8) |
Credited/(charged) to the Consolidated Income Statement in the current year | 6.4 | (1.0) | 5.4 |
Credited/(charged) to the Consolidated Income Statement for prior years | 13.4 | (3.4) | 10.0 |
Credited to equity | ‒ | 0.7 | 0.7 |
Change in tax rate | (7.6) | 0.3 | (7.3) |
At end of year | (32.9) | 1.9 | (31.0) |
Deferred tax asset to be recovered within one year | 1.4 | ||
1.4 | |||
Deferred tax liability to be recovered within one year | (11.8) | ||
Deferred tax liability to be recovered after more than one year | (20.6) | ||
(32.4) | |||
Deferred tax liabilities (net) | (31.0) |
54
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
22. Intangible Assets
Group and Company | Work in Progress | Computer software | Total |
| £m | £m | £m |
Cost |
|
|
|
At 1 March 2016 | 21.7 | 604.6 | 626.3 |
Additions | 31.3 | 3.6 | 34.9 |
Transfers | (17.1) | 16.9 | (0.2) |
Disposals | (1.6) | (16.8) | (18.4) |
At 28 February 2017 | 34.3 | 608.3 | 642.6 |
|
|
|
|
Accumulated amortisation |
|
|
|
At 1 March 2016 | ‒ | (262.4) | (262.4) |
Charge for the year | ‒ | (93.5) | (93.5) |
Disposals | ‒ | 13.3 | 13.3 |
At 28 February 2017 | ‒ | (342.6) | (342.6) |
|
|
|
|
Net carrying value |
|
|
|
At 28 February 2017 | 34.3 | 265.7 | 300.0 |
Cost | |||
At 1 March 2015 | 28.2 | 566.4 | 594.6 |
Additions | 29.2 | 5.0 | 34.2 |
Transfers | (34.0) | 33.3 | (0.7) |
Disposals | (1.7) | (0.1) | (1.8) |
At 29 February 2016 | 21.7 | 604.6 | 626.3 |
Accumulated amortisation | |||
At 1 March 2015 | ‒ | (192.0) | (192.0) |
Charge for the year | ‒ | (70.4) | (70.4) |
At 29 February 2016 | ‒ | (262.4) | (262.4) |
Net carrying value | |||
At 29 February 2016 | 21.7 | 342.2 | 363.9 |
Work in progress relates primarily to the internal development of IT software assets. Intangible asset balances are non-current.
During the year, the Group reassessed the useful life of certain of its intangible fixed assets, reducing the expected life to a maximum of one year. This reduction in useful life reflects the impact of business restructuring commenced during the first half of the financial year which has continued over the second half of 2016/17. The impact of this change has been to increase the amortisation charge by £19.0m over 2016/17, primarily arising from the residual amortisation of the Group's insurance platform which will be replaced in 2017. As this represents a change in accounting estimate, no prior year adjustment is required.
55
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
23. Property, Plant and Equipment
Group and Company | Work in Progress | Plant and Equipment | Fixtures and Fittings | Computer Hardware | Freehold Buildings | Leasehold Improvement | Total |
Cost | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
At 1 March 2016 | 4.4 | 3.0 | 14.2 | 129.8 | 28.2 | 22.7 | 202.3 |
Additions | 1.9 | ‒ | 2.2 | 6.5 | ‒ | 1.8 | 12.4 |
Transfers | (0.8) | ‒ | 0.4 | 0.6 | ‒ | ‒ | 0.2 |
Disposals | ‒ | ‒ | (2.3) | (8.0) | ‒ | ‒ | (10.3) |
At 28 February 2017 | 5.5 | 3.0 | 14.5 | 128.9 | 28.2 | 24.5 | 204.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated depreciation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At 1 March 2016 | ‒ | (3.0) | (8.6) | (100.1) | (3.1) | (8.6) | (123.4) |
Charge for the year | ‒ | ‒ | (2.0) | (8.5) | (1.8) | (4.5) | (16.8) |
Disposals | ‒ | ‒ | 1.6 | 7.3 | ‒ | ‒ | 8.9 |
At 28 February 2017 | ‒ | (3.0) | (9.0) | (101.3) | (4.9) | (13.1) | (131.3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carrying value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At 28 February 2017 | 5.5 | ‒ | 5.5 | 27.6 | 23.3 | 11.4 | 73.3 |
Cost | |||||||
At 1 March 2015 | 4.3 | 3.0 | 13.0 | 126.6 | 28.2 | 19.9 | 195.0 |
Additions | 1.8 | ‒ | 1.4 | 1.8 | ‒ | 2.8 | 7.8 |
Transfers | (1.6) | ‒ | 0.1 | 2.2 | ‒ | ‒ | 0.7 |
Disposals | (0.1) | ‒ | (0.3) | (0.8) | ‒ | ‒ | (1.2) |
At 29 February 2016 | 4.4 | 3.0 | 14.2 | 129.8 | 28.2 | 22.7 | 202.3 |
Accumulated depreciation | |||||||
At 1 March 2015 | ‒ | (3.0) | (6.6) | (90.4) | (2.4) | (6.2) | (108.6) |
Charge for the year | ‒ | ‒ | (2.0) | (10.5) | (0.7) | (2.4) | (15.6) |
Disposals | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 0.8 | ‒ | ‒ | 0.8 |
At 29 February 2016 | ‒ | (3.0) | (8.6) | (100.1) | (3.1) | (8.6) | (123.4) |
Net carrying value | |||||||
At 29 February 2016 | 4.4 | ‒ | 5.6 | 29.7 | 25.1 | 14.1 | 78.9 |
Work in progress at 28 February 2017 relates to predominantly to the development of IT assets. Property, plant and equipment balances are non-current.
During the year, the Group reassessed the useful life of certain of its tangible fixed assets, reducing the expected life to a maximum of one year. This reduction in useful life reflects the impact of business restructuring commenced during the first half of the financial year which has continued over the second half of 2016/17. The impact of this change has been to increase the depreciation charge by £4.0m over 2016/17 in respect of property related costs arising due to the early exit from the Group's office in central Edinburgh. As this represents a change in accounting estimate, no prior year adjustment is required.
56
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
24. Deposits from Banks
Group and Company | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Deposits from banks | 499.8 | 82.0 |
|
| |
Current | 99.8 | 82.0 |
Non-current | 400.0 | ‒ |
Deposits from banks include balances of £99.8m (2016: £82.0m) which have been sold under sale and repurchase agreements and balances of £400.0m (2016: £nil) drawn under the Bank of England's Term Funding Scheme (TFS).
25. Deposits from Customers
Group and Company | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
|
| |
Deposits from Tesco Personal Finance Group companies | 3.6 | 1.2 |
Retail deposits | 8,463.1 | 7,397.3 |
Fair value hedge adjustment | 0.1 | ‒ |
| 8,466.8 | 7,398.5 |
|
| |
Current | 6,590.7 | 5,825.8 |
Non-current | 1,876.1 | 1,572.7 |
Fair value hedge adjustments
Fair value hedge adjustments amounting to £0.1m (2016: £nil) are in respect of fixed rate Savings products. These adjustments are largely offset by derivatives, which are used to manage interest rate risk and are designated as fair value hedges within deposits from customers.
57
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
26. Debt Securities in Issue
Group | Interest rate | Par value £m | Term (years) | Maturity date | 2017 £m | 2016 £m |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed rate retail bond - issued 24 February 2011 | 5.2% | 125.0 | 7.5 | 2018 | 129.2 | 132.3 |
RPI bond - issued 16 December 2011 | 1.0% | 67.2 | 8 | 2019 | 67.2 | 65.7 |
Fixed rate retail bond - issued 21 May 2012 | 5.0% | 200.0 | 8.5 | 2020 | 209.6 | 210.9 |
Floating rate AAA bond (A1) 1 | 1M LIBOR + 0.45% | 150.0 | 5 | 2019 | 149.7 | 149.6 |
Floating rate AAA bond (A2) 2 | 1M LIBOR + 0.65% | 350.0 | 7 | 2021 | 349.2 | 348.9 |
Floating rate AAA bond (A1) 3 | 1M LIBOR + 0.65% | 300.0 | 5 | 2020 | 299.4 | 299.2 |
|
|
|
|
| 1,204.3 | 1,206.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Company |
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed rate retail bond - issued 24 February 2011 | 5.2% | 125.0 | 7.5 | 2018 | 129.2 | 132.3 |
RPI bond - issued 16 December 2011 | 1.0% | 65.7 | 8 | 2019 | 67.2 | 65.7 |
Fixed rate retail bond - issued 21 May 2012 | 5.0% | 200.0 | 8.5 | 2020 | 209.6 | 210.9 |
|
|
|
|
| 406.0 | 408.9 |
1 This Bond was issued on 6 June 2014. The scheduled redemption date of this Bond is May 2017.
2 This Bond was issued on 6 June 2014. The scheduled redemption date of this Bond is May 2019.
3 This Bond was issued on 13 May 2015. The scheduled redemption date of this Bond is April 2018.
All Floating Rate Bonds were issued by Delamare Cards MTN Issuer plc and are listed on the Irish Stock Exchange. All retail bonds are listed on the London Stock Exchange. All balances are classified as non-current at the year end with the exception of £150.0m of the floating rate AAA bond (A1), which will be redeemed on its scheduled redemption date in May 2017.
58
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
27. Provisions for Liabilities and Charges
Group and Company | Customer Redress Provision | Insurance Provisions | Restructuring Provision | Dilapidations Provision | Total |
2017 | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
|
|
|
|
|
|
At beginning of year | 51.1 | 4.3 | ‒ | 2.8 | 58.2 |
Provided during the year | 45.0 | 4.2 | 10.4 | 1.8 | 61.4 |
Utilised during the year | (28.1) | (4.3) | (3.7) | ‒ | (36.1) |
At end of year | 68.0 | 4.2 | 6.7 | 4.6 | 83.5 |
Customer redress provision - Payment protection insurance
Of the total customer redress provision balance at 28 February 2017, £63.8m (2016: £34.6m) has been provided for customer redress in respect of potential customer complaints arising from historic sales of PPI.
In August 2016 the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) issued an update to its initial proposals published in November 2015 and a further Consultation Paper (CP16/20, 'Rules and guidance on payment protection insurance complaints: feedback on CP15/39 and further consultation'). This Paper confirmed the original proposal for a two year deadline for PPI claims (ending June 2019), supported by an FCA led communications campaign. In March 2017, the FCA issued a Policy Statement (PS17/3, 'Payment protection insurance complaints: feedback on CP16/20 and final rules and guidance') which confirmed a deadline for PPI claims of August 2019. This revised end date represents a 16 month extension from the original anticipated end date at the prior year end of April 2018.
The August 2016 FCA Consultation Paper (CP16/20) also consulted on rules and guidance on the handling of PPI complaints in light of the Supreme Court's decision in Plevin v Paragon Personal Finance Limited ('Plevin'). The March 2017 Policy Statement (PS17/3) confirms that both up-front commission arrangements and profit share arrangements should be considered in the calculation of total commission for Plevin complaints.
The Group increased its PPI provision by £45.0m during the period to reflect:
· the impact on current claim volumes of the proposed extension to the time bar;
· an updated assessment of the current claim rate;
· the impact on the expected cost of redress from new rules proposed in the FCA paper regarding Plevin; and
· additional costs expected to be incurred in respect of the Group's contribution to the FCA's communications campaign.
Although a significant degree of uncertainty remains with regard to the ultimate cost of settling PPI complaints, in particular the volume of complaints arising from customers ahead of the confirmed deadline, the provision balance represents Management's best estimate at the reporting date of that cost. The PPI provision will continue to be monitored as trends in complaint volumes and levels of redress develop.
59
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
27. Provisions for Liabilities and Charges (continued)
This balance provides redress capacity, at current run rates, significantly beyond the FCA communicated time bar date of August 2019. However, the run rate is anticipated to increase with the launch of the FCA communication campaign and the implementation of the Plevin rules. Therefore, taking into account both of these factors, the provision held is considered to be adequate.
The table below details for each key assumption, actual data to 28 February 2017, forecast assumptions used in assessing the PPI provision adequacy and a sensitivity assessment demonstrating the impact on the provision of a variation in the future experience.
|
|
| Sensitivity | |
Assumption | Cumulative actual | Future expected | Change in assumption | Consequential change in provision |
|
|
|
| £m |
Valid claims settled | 108,524 | 45,028 | +/- 1,000 complaints | +/- 1.1 |
Average redress per valid claim | £1,746 | £1,094 | +/- £100 | +/- 4.5 |
Customer redress provision - Credit card protection (CCP)
At 29 February 2016, the Group held a provision in respect of customer redress relating to the historic sale of certain cardholder protection products to Credit Card customers.
During the year, the Group utilised £3.9m of the brought forward provision and reduced the remaining CCP provision by £0.7m to £nil at 28 February 2017 (2016: £4.6m), following the closure of the industry-wide scheme of arrangement on 18 March 2016.
All compensation amounts have now been issued to impacted customers.
Customer redress provision - Consumer credit act (CCA)
The Group holds a provision of £4.2m (2016: £11.9m) in respect of customer redress relating to instances where certain requirements of the CCA for post contract documentation were not fully complied with.
In arriving at the provision required, which was increased during the year by £0.7m, the Group has considered the legal and regulatory position with respect to these matters and has sought legal advice which it took into account when making its judgement. The provision represents Management's best estimate at the reporting date of the cost of concluding the redress programme for Loan and Credit Card customers, and in making the estimate Management have exercised judgement as to both the timescale for completing the redress campaign and the final scope of any amounts payable.
Insurance provision
The insurance provision relates to insurance policy cancellation by customers. This balance is classified as current at the year end.
Restructuring provision
The restructuring provision relates to restructuring costs arising from the Customer 2020 programme. Management expect to utilise this provision over the period to 31 December 2018.
Dilapidations provision
The dilapidations provision relates to anticipated costs of restoring leased assets to their original condition. Management expect that the provision will be utilised at the end of the lease terms, the longest of which is due to end in 2029.
60
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
28. Accruals and Deferred Income
Group and Company | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
|
| |
Amounts accrued to Tesco Group subsidiaries | 10.4 | 8.0 |
Amounts accrued to Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited | 0.6 | 0.7 |
Other accruals | 91.8 | 107.8 |
Deferred income | 12.3 | 11.7 |
| 115.1 | 128.2 |
All amounts are classified as current at the year end.
29. Other Liabilities
| Group | Company | ||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m | £m | £m |
Accounts payable and sundry payables | 119.5 | 117.5 | 119.3 | 117.7 |
Amounts owed to Tesco Group subsidiaries | 11.4 | 10.9 | 11.4 | 10.9 |
Insurance payables | 11.7 | 8.1 | 11.7 | 8.1 |
Taxation and social security | 5.5 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 6.3 |
Amounts due to Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited subsidiaries | 0.2 | ‒ | 777.4 | 776.0 |
| 148.3 | 142.8 | 925.3 | 919.0 |
All amounts are classified as current at the year end.
30. Subordinated Liabilities and Notes
Group and Company | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Floating rate subordinated loans maturing 2030 | 190.0 | 190.0 |
Undated floating rate notes | 45.0 | 45.0 |
| 235.0 | 235.0 |
Subordinated liabilities and notes comprise loan capital issued to Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited. This includes £190.0m (2016: £190.0m) of subordinated loans maturing in 2030 and £45.0m (2016: £45.0m) of undated notes with no fixed maturity date. All balances are classified as non-current at the year end.
Interest payable on the subordinated liabilities and notes is based on three month LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 60 to 220 basis points (2016: three month LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 60 to 220 basis points).
61
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
31. Share Capital and Share Premium Account
Group and Company | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2016 |
| Number | £m | Number | £m |
Authorised |
|
| ||
Ordinary shares of 10p each | Unlimited |
| Unlimited | |
|
|
| ||
Allotted, called up and fully paid |
|
| ||
Ordinary shares of 10p each | 1,219,900,000 | 122.0 | 1,219,900,000 | 122.0 |
|
|
| ||
|
| 2017 | 2016 | |
|
| £m | £m | |
Share premium reserve |
| 1,097.9 | 1,097.9 |
32. Other Reserves
| Group | Company | ||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m | £m | £m |
Cash flow hedge reserve | (0.6) | (1.6) | (0.6) | (1.6) |
Available-for-sale reserve | 18.0 | 5.4 | 7.8 | 5.7 |
Share based payment reserve | 27.0 | 23.3 | 27.0 | 23.3 |
| 44.4 | 27.1 | 34.2 | 27.4 |
Cash flow hedge reserve
The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are included in the cash flow hedge reserve. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the Consolidated Income Statement.
Available-for-sale reserve
Available-for-sale financial assets are initially recognised at fair value and measured subsequently at fair value with gains and losses being recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income (except for impairment losses and foreign exchange gains and losses which are immediately recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement) until the financial asset is derecognised.
Gains or losses in respect of the interest rate element of the fair value movement are subsequently recycled to the Consolidated Income Statement where hedge accounting is in place.
The consolidated available-for-sale reserve also includes the Group's share of the available-for-sale reserve of its joint venture, Tesco Underwriting Limited.
Share based payment reserve
The fair value of Tesco PLC equity-settled share options granted to employees of the Group is included in the share based payment reserve.
62
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
33. Employee Benefit Liability
The Group made contributions in the year to a funded defined benefit scheme and a funded defined contribution scheme. Both of these schemes are operated by Tesco Stores Limited.
Defined benefit plans
The Group made contributions in the year to a funded defined benefit scheme, operated by Tesco Stores Limited. The principal pension plan is the Tesco PLC pension scheme, a funded defined benefit pension scheme in the UK, the assets of which are held as a segregated fund and administered by the Trustee. The Career Average section of that Scheme ('Pension Builder') was closed to new members and future accrual on 21 November 2015. As a result of the closure, all active members of the Scheme became deferred members. Tesco Stores Limited has recognised the appropriate net liability of the Tesco PLC pension scheme in accordance with IAS 19 'Employee Benefits'.
Defined contribution plans
A new defined contribution scheme was opened on 22 November 2015 and is open to all Group employees in the UK. As part of Tesco PLC's consultation process leading up to the closure, it was agreed that all members of the defined benefit scheme who remained employed in January 2016 would receive a one-off payment into the new defined contribution scheme equivalent to one week's salary (capped at £500 per member).
Detailed disclosures, in line with the requirements of IAS 19, are included in the Tesco PLC 2017 annual report.
63
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management
There are no differences in the manner in which risks are managed and measured between the Group and the Company. Therefore, the explanations of the management, the control responsibilities and the measurement of risk described in this section are those for the Group. The amounts included in this note are those for the Group unless otherwise stated.
Through its normal operations, the Group is exposed to a number of risks, the most significant of which are credit risk, operational risk, liquidity and funding risk, market risk, insurance risk, residual price risk and legal and regulatory compliance risk. The key risk management processes and tools are described in detail on pages 7 to 15 within the Strategic Report.
Credit Risk
Types of credit risk
· Retail credit risk
Retail credit risk is the risk that a borrower will default on a debt or obligation by failing to make contractually obligated payments, or that the Group will incur losses due to any other counterparty failing to meet their financial obligations. Regular management reports are submitted to the Board and appropriate Committees.
Controls and risk mitigants
To minimise the potential for the Group to be exposed to levels of bad debt that are outside Risk Appetite, a robust infrastructure of processes and systems has been established that cover the end to end retail credit risk customer life cycle, the key components of which are outlined below:
Credit scoring: The quality of new lending is tightly controlled using appropriate credit scoring and associated rules. Judgemental analysis is used for more complex cases.
Affordability: In being a responsible lender, the Group employs affordability models, including minimum free income thresholds based on customers' income and outgoings, to confirm that they have the ability to repay the advances they are seeking.
Valuations: Independent property valuations are undertaken at Mortgage inception. The Group's Mortgage assets are revalued quarterly using a regional house price valuation index model.
Credit policies and guides: A suite of retail credit risk policies and supporting guides are maintained by the Credit Risk function. These policies define the minimum requirements for the management of credit activities across the credit life cycle. The guides also comprise specific product and customer related thresholds that in turn seek to ensure that the Group is operating within agreed retail credit Risk Appetite parameters.
Monitoring and reporting: Management information is produced covering all lending portfolios which is tailored to meet the requirements of different audiences within the overall governance framework. Key Risk Indicators (KRIs) with supporting limits and tolerances allow the Group to track performance against Risk Appetite and identify any emerging trends that could act as an early warning that performance could move outside approved Risk Appetite thresholds, thereby allowing mitigating actions to be taken to address such trends.
64
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
· Wholesale credit risk
The Group does not operate in the mainstream commercial or corporate lending market. However, the Group is exposed to wholesale credit risk primarily through Treasury activities, as a result of cash management, liquidity and market risk management, with the inherent risk that these counterparties could fail to meet their obligations.
Controls and risk mitigants
To mitigate this risk a framework has been established that comprises defined country, counterparty, instrument types and maturity profiles. The Group's defined Risk Appetite specifies the minimum investment grade ratings required of counterparties. The framework also sets limits on the amounts that can be lent based on counterparty creditworthiness, instrument type and remaining tenor.
The Group has a Wholesale Credit Risk Forum where current ratings and exposures are discussed on a monthly basis by members from Treasury and the Market & Liquidity Risk team. Counterparty credit reviews and proposals for new limits are also discussed at the Wholesale Credit Risk Forum as well as current market events and their possible impact on the Group. All material limits are approved by the Chief Financial Officer within parameters set by the Board and any exceptions or overrides to the policy must be explicitly agreed by the Chief Executive Officer and notified to the Board.
Credit risk exposures
The table below relates to credit risk exposures of both on and off balance sheet assets. This represents a worst case scenario of credit risk exposure at the year end. For on balance sheet assets, the balances set out below are based on net carrying amounts as reported in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
| 2017 | 2016 |
Credit risk exposures relating to on balance sheet items | £m | £m |
Cash and balances with central banks* | 802.9 | 564.9 |
Loans and advances to customers | 9,961.2 | 8,545.7 |
Derivative financial instruments | 28.7 | 29.3 |
Investment securities: |
| |
- Available-for-sale | 966.1 | 983.6 |
- Loans and receivables | 34.1 | 34.1 |
Other assets* | 299.1 | 277.3 |
Total credit risk exposures relating to on balance sheet items | 12,092.1 | 10,434.9 |
|
| |
Credit risk exposures relating to off balance sheet items |
| |
Customer lending commitments | 12,132.0 | 11,866.8 |
Bank of England Funding for Lending Scheme (FLS) | 270.0 | 389.0 |
Total credit risk exposures relating to off balance sheet items | 12,402.0 | 12,255.8 |
|
| |
Total credit risk exposures | 24,494.1 | 22,690.7 |
|
|
|
* On a Company basis, cash and balances with central banks is £694.5m (2016: £506.6m) and other assets is £387.2m (2016: £315.5m). |
As shown above, 82.4% of the total maximum exposure to on balance sheet assets for the Group is derived from loans and advances to customers (2016: 81.9%) and 8.0% represents investments in financial assets classified as available-for-sale (2016: 9.4%).
65
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
· Credit risk: Collateral
The Group is exposed to potential bad debts as a result of Mortgage lending, with the inherent risk that customers default on their obligations.
Controls and risk mitigants
To mitigate this risk all Mortgages are secured by a first charge over the property being purchased or remortgaged, to safeguard the Group's assets in the event of a forced property sale situation. Valuation of the property is assessed as part of the application process by a RICS (the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors) certified valuer from the Group's approved panel of valuers or, when a customer decides to re-mortgage with the Group, by an automated valuation model.
The Group revalues its collateral on a quarterly basis using a regional house price valuation index. It is not normal practice to obtain additional third party revaluation of collateral unless further lending is being considered or the property has been repossessed.
The table below details the value of property collateral held against the Group's Mortgage portfolio.
Collateral held against Mortgage portfolio | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Exposure* | 2,155.3 | 1,669.7 |
Collateral | 4,374.7 | 3,289.7 |
Cover | 203.0% | 197.0% |
* The Mortgage balances above represent the credit risk inherent in the Mortgage products and excludes accrued interest and fair value adjustments. |
· Credit risk: Concentration risk
The Group is potentially exposed to this risk by becoming concentrated in certain geographic areas or product profiles e.g. a disproportionate level of high Loan to Value (LTV) Mortgages. Such concentrations could produce unacceptable bad debts in some adverse but plausible situations.
Controls and risk mitigants
The Group mitigates these potential concentration risks by establishing appropriate Risk Appetite limits and trigger thresholds that are regularly monitored and reported to the appropriate Senior Management team and risk committees.
66
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
Concentration profiles
The following tables provide concentration profiles in terms of the LTV profile for the Mortgage portfolio; geographic distribution of the Group's exposures; analysis of material asset class by industry type and credit exposure by impairment status across the different exposure class.
· Credit risk: Mortgage portfolio - LTV distribution profile
Loans are originated on an income verified basis over a range of fixed and tracker products. All loans are repaid on a capital and interest basis, where the loan is repaid over the agreed term of the loan.
The table below provides the LTV distribution profile for the Group's Mortgage portfolio by weighted average balance. The overall average LTV for the portfolio is 49.3% (2016: 50.8%) which is well within agreed Risk Appetite parameters.
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
|
| |
Less than 50% | 671.7 | 494.7 |
50% to 60% | 405.3 | 266.9 |
60% to 70% | 404.9 | 371.2 |
70% to 80% | 311.6 | 327.2 |
80% to 90% | 266.9 | 152.9 |
90% to 100% | 92.8 | 54.7 |
Greater than 100% | 2.1 | 2.1 |
Total* | 2,155.3 | 1,669.7 |
* The Mortgage balance above represents the credit risk inherent in the Mortgage products and excludes accrued interest or fair value adjustments. |
· Credit risk: Asset class geographical distribution profile
The Group is primarily focused on providing financial services and products to UK personal customers.
The table below provides the geographical distribution of the Group's total credit risk exposures. For on balance sheet assets, the balances set out below are based on net carrying amounts as reported in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
|
| |
United Kingdom | 24,125.9 | 22,342.7 |
Europe (excluding United Kingdom) | 299.4 | 302.5 |
Other | 68.8 | 45.5 |
Total | 24,494.1 | 22,690.7 |
67
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
· Credit risk: Analysis by industry type
The table below represents the distribution of exposures by industry type. The Group is primarily focused on providing financial services and products to personal customers in the UK, although it also has exposure to wholesale counterparties as detailed below. For on balance sheet assets, the balances set out below are based on net carrying amounts as reported in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
|
| |
Financial institutions | 809.2 | 670.7 |
Government | 1,492.6 | 1,580.8 |
Individuals | 22,113.6 | 20,411.7 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 78.7 | 27.5 |
Total | 24,494.1 | 22,690.7 |
· Credit risk: Asset quality
Ineffective management and controls over the emerging asset quality of the Group's lending portfolios could expose the Group to unacceptable levels of bad debt.
Controls and risk mitigants
The Group's asset quality is reflected through the level of its impairment by lending type. Asset quality profiles are regularly monitored and reported to the appropriate Senior Management team and risk committees.
68
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
The table below presents an analysis of credit exposure by impairment status across the different exposure classes. The table predominantly relates to Banking assets; the retail instalment lending applies to credit agreements in the Insurance business. The balances set out below are based on gross loans and advances as provided in note 14.
Credit quality of gross loans and advances 2017 | Retail unsecured lending | Retail mortgage lending | Retail instalment lending | Total |
| £m | £m | £m | £m |
Past due and impaired |
| |||
Less than 90 days past due | 32.4 | ‒ | ‒ | 32.4 |
90-179 days past due | 47.9 | ‒ | ‒ | 47.9 |
180 days plus past due | 99.3 | ‒ | ‒ | 99.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Past due but not impaired |
|
|
|
|
0-29 days past due | 47.8 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 48.6 |
30-59 days past due | 15.5 | ‒ | ‒ | 15.5 |
60-89 days past due | 9.9 | ‒ | ‒ | 9.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
Neither past due nor impaired |
|
|
|
|
Low risk * | 7,439.6 | 2,153.8 | 140.1 | 9,733.5 |
High risk ** | 152.1 | 15.8 | ‒ | 167.9 |
| 7,844.5 | 2,170.2 | 140.3 | 10,155.0 |
Credit quality of gross loans and advances 2016 | Retail unsecured lending | Retail mortgage lending | Retail instalment lending | Total |
£m | £m | £m | £m | |
Past due and impaired | ||||
Less than 90 days past due | 30.4 | ‒ | ‒ | 30.4 |
90-179 days past due | 41.0 | ‒ | ‒ | 41.0 |
180 days plus past due | 81.7 | ‒ | ‒ | 81.7 |
Past due but not impaired | ||||
0-29 days past due | 38.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 40.5 |
30-59 days past due | 12.1 | ‒ | 0.1 | 12.2 |
60-89 days past due | 8.7 | ‒ | ‒ | 8.7 |
Over 90 days past due | ‒ | ‒ | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Neither past due nor impaired | ||||
Low risk * | 6,570.0 | 1,672.9 | 145.6 | 8,388.5 |
High risk ** | 86.3 | 10.0 | ‒ | 96.3 |
6,868.8 | 1,683.7 | 147.1 | 8,699.6 | |
| ||||
* Low risk is defined as an asset with a probability of default of less than 10%. | ||||
** High risk is defined as an asset with a probability of default of 10% or more. |
All other financial assets are deemed to be at low risk of default.
69
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
· Credit risk: Forbearance
The Group could be exposed to unacceptable levels of bad debt and also suffer reputational damage if it did not provide adequate support to customers who are experiencing financial difficulties.
Controls and risk mitigants
The Group has well defined forbearance policies and processes. Forbearance is relief granted by a lender to assist customers in financial difficulty, through arrangements which temporarily allow the customer to pay an amount other than the contractual amounts due. These temporary arrangements may be initiated by the customer or the Group where financial distress would prevent repayment within the original terms and conditions of the contract. The main aim of forbearance is to support the customers in returning to a position where they are able to meet their contractual obligations.
A number of forbearance options are made available to customers by the Group. These routinely, but not exclusively, include the following:
· Arrangements to repay arrears over a period of time, by making payments above the contractual amount, that ensure the loan is repaid within the original repayment term.
· Short term concessions, where the borrower is allowed to make reduced repayments (or in exceptional circumstances, no repayments) on a temporary basis to assist with short term financial hardship.
· For secured products, it may also be acceptable to allow the customer to clear the arrears over an extended period of time, provided the payments remain affordable.
The Group has adopted the definition of forbearance in the European Banking Authority's (EBA) final draft Implementing Technical Standards (ITS) of July 2014. The Group reports all accounts meeting this definition, providing for them appropriately.
The table below details the values of secured and unsecured advances that are subject to forbearance programmes, in accordance with the EBA definition.
| Gross Loans and Advances subject to Forbearance Programmes
| Forbearance programmes as a proportion of total Loans and Advances by category | Proportion of Forbearance Programmes covered by impairment provision | |||
| 2017 £m | 2016 £m | 2017 % | 2016 % | 2017 % | 2016 % |
|
|
|
| |||
Credit Cards UK | 70.4 | 63.1 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 60.0 | 58.8 |
Credit Cards Euro | 1.1 | 0.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 40.0 | 31.1 |
Credit Cards commercial | 0.1 | 0.1 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 84.7 | 79.6 |
Loans | 38.2 | 30.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 62.9 | 58.6 |
Mortgages | 4.3 | 2.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ‒ |
70
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
· Operational risk
Operational risk is the risk of potential error, loss, harm or failure caused by ineffective or inadequately defined processes, system failure, improper conduct, human error or from external events. The Group aims to effectively manage operational risks within defined Risk Appetite limits. The Group is subject to the Standardised Approach (TSA) method to calculate Pillar I Operational Risk capital, as outlined in Capital Requirement Regulations (CRR) published on 27 June 2013 in the Official Journal of the European Union.
As stated in the Strategic Report on page 3, in November 2016, Tesco Bank's debit cards were the subject of an online fraudulent attack. The Group's priority throughout was to ensure customers' accounts were protected and that it communicated with customers immediately and transparently, reassuring customers that there was no data loss or breach of systems. The Group has undertaken an independent review of the issue, has undertaken immediate remedial action and continues to work closely with the authorities and regulator on this incident.
Controls and risk mitigants
The Bank's risks are assessed utilising a risk management framework methodology which is aligned to the three lines of defence model.
The Chief Risk Officer and the Operational Risk Director, together with a dedicated Operational Risk team, are responsible for:
· developing and maintaining the operational risk framework;
· working with relevant business areas to make sure that first line responsibilities are understood and that those responsibilities should be executed within the framework;
· supporting relevant business areas to embed policies and frameworks and instil a positive risk management culture; and
· independently monitoring, assessing and reporting on operational risk profiles and losses.
The Operational Risk function maintains a suite of policies defining the minimum requirements for the management of Operational Risk and Financial Crime.
Business units and functions assess their operational risks on an ongoing basis via a prescribed Risk and Control Self Assessment (RCSA) process and Operational Risk Scenario Analysis (ORSA). The RCSA analysis is reviewed and updated quarterly by first line business areas to reflect changes to the risk and control environment arising from changes in products, processes and systems. The RCSA outputs are reported to relevant governance bodies. This is supplemented further by an Event Management process and monthly reporting of the Operational Risk profile to the Executive Risk Committee. The ORSA builds on RCSA and Event Management to identify the forward looking risk profile and the results are used to inform the Board's decision on any additional requirement for Operational Risk Capital under Pillar II.
The Operational Risk Committee provides oversight of the Group's operational risk profile and provides regular reports and recommendations to the appropriate governance bodies.
· Liquidity and funding risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group is not able to meet its obligations as they fall due. This includes the risk that a given security cannot be traded quickly enough in the market to prevent a loss if a credit rating falls. Funding risk is the risk that the Group does not have sufficiently stable and diverse sources of funding.
The Group operates within a Liquidity Risk Management Policy Framework (LRMP) to ensure that sufficient funds are available at all times to meet demands from depositors; to fund agreed advances; to meet other commitments as and when they fall due; and to ensure the Board's Risk Appetite is met.
71
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
Controls and risk mitigants
Liquidity and funding risk is assessed through the Individual Liquidity Adequacy Assessment Process (ILAAP) on at least an annual basis. The ILAAP process involves detailed consideration of the following:
· identification of sources of liquidity risk;
· quantification of those risks through stress testing;
· consideration of management processes and controls to minimise the risk;
· assessment of the type and quality of liquid asset holdings to mitigate the risk; and
· consideration of the levels of contingent funding required to mitigate the risk.
The Group sets formal limits within the LRMP to maintain liquidity risk exposures within the liquidity Risk Appetite set by the Board. The key liquidity and funding measures monitored on a regular basis are; the internal liquidity requirement; liquidity coverage ratio; the net stable funding ratio; the loan to deposit ratio; the encumbrance ratio; the wholesale funding ratio; the annual wholesale re-financing amount; and the minimum unencumbered assets.
The Group measures and manages liquidity adequacy in line with the above metrics on a regular basis and maintains a conservative liquidity and funding profile to confirm that it is able to meet its financial obligations under normal, and stressed, market conditions.
The Group monitors and reports on the composition of its funding base against defined thresholds to avoid funding source and maturity concentration risks.
The Group prepares both short term and long term forecasts to assess liquidity requirements and takes into account factors such as Credit Card payment cycles, investment maturities, customer deposit patterns, and wholesale funding (including FLS and TFS) maturities. These reports support daily liquidity management and are reviewed daily by Senior Management along with early warning indicators.
Stress testing of current and forecast financial positions is conducted to inform the Group of required liquidity resources. Reverse stress testing is conducted to inform the Group of the circumstances that would result in liquidity resources being exhausted. Liquidity stress tests are presented to the Liquidity Management Forum and Asset and Liability Management Committee (ALCo) on a regular basis to provide evidence that sufficient liquidity is held to meet financial obligations in a stress.
The Treasury Director is responsible for formulating, and obtaining Board approval for, an annual funding plan as part of the overall business planning process. The Group is predominantly funded by its retail deposit base which reduces reliance on wholesale funding and, in particular, results in minimal short-term wholesale funding.
Expected maturity dates do not differ significantly from the contract dates, except for floating rate bonds where the expected redemption date has been provided in note 26 and deposits from customers which are all retail in nature. These deposits are repayable on demand on a contractual basis. The Group continuously monitors retail deposit activity so that it can reasonably predict expected maturity flows. These instruments form a stable funding base for the Group's operations because of the broad customer base and the behaviours exhibited, with historical trends showing that these deposits tend to be very stable, with actual maturities being significantly longer than the contracted maturity.
During the year the Group accessed the Bank of England's FLS and TFS to support strong lending growth in a cost effective manner.
72
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
The table below shows the Group's primary funding sources.
Primary funding sources | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
On balance sheet |
| |
Deposits from banks | 499.8 | 82.0 |
Deposits from customers | 8,466.8 | 7,398.5 |
Subordinated liabilities and notes | 235.0 | 235.0 |
Debt securities in issue | 1,204.3 | 1,206.6 |
Total on balance sheet funding | 10,405.9 | 8,922.1 |
|
| |
Off balance sheet |
| |
Treasury bills drawn under FLS (net of repurchase agreements)* | 170.0 | 338.0 |
Total off balance sheet funding | 170.0 | 338.0 |
*FLS drawdowns of £270.0m (2016: £389.0m) are shown net of Treasury bills used as collateral in repurchase agreements of £100.0m (2016: £51.0m). |
73
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
The tables below show cash flows payable up to a period of 20 years on an undiscounted basis. These differ from the Statement of Financial Position values due to the effects of discounting on certain Statement of Financial Position items and due to the inclusion of contractual future interest flows.
Derivatives designated in a hedging relationship are included according to their contractual maturity.
Liquidity and funding risk on financial assets and liabilities | |||||||
Group 2017 | Within 1 year | Between 1 and 2 years | Between 2 and 3 years | Between 3 and 4 years | Between 4 and 5 years | Beyond 5 years | Total |
On balance sheet | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
Financial assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and balances at central banks | 803.0 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 803.0 |
Loans and advances to customers | 5,486.5 | 1,143.9 | 934.0 | 709.4 | 482.7 | 2,476.0 | 11,232.5 |
Investment securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Available-for-sale | 176.4 | 86.5 | 93.5 | 26.2 | 131.0 | 490.9 | 1,004.5 |
- Loans and receivables | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 61.4 | 68.8 |
Other assets | 299.1 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 299.1 |
Total financial assets | 6,766.4 | 1,231.8 | 1,029.0 | 737.1 | 615.3 | 3,028.3 | 13,407.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deposits from banks | 100.0 | 301.3 | 0.5 | 100.0 | ‒ | ‒ | 501.8 |
Deposits from customers | 6,662.1 | 1,147.1 | 422.5 | 167.5 | 173.5 | 0.3 | 8,573.0 |
Debt securities in issue | 173.5 | 443.0 | 435.8 | 210.0 | ‒ | ‒ | 1,262.3 |
Derivatives settled on a net basis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Derivatives in economic but not accounting hedges | (2.1) | (3.4) | (2.9) | (2.5) | ‒ | ‒ | (10.9) |
- Derivatives in accounting hedge relationships | 34.4 | 25.2 | 4.1 | 11.7 | 10.0 | 23.4 | 108.8 |
Derivatives settled on a gross basis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Outflows | 71.5 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 71.5 |
- Inflows | (63.3) | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | (63.3) |
Other liabilities | 148.3 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 148.3 |
Subordinated liabilities | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 302.7 | 325.6 |
Total financial liabilities | 7,128.4 | 1,917.4 | 864.5 | 491.6 | 188.8 | 326.4 | 10,917.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off balance sheet |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contractual lending commitments | 12,132.0 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 12,132.0 |
Total off balance sheet | 12,132.0 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 12,132.0 |
74
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
Liquidity and funding risk on financial assets and liabilities | |||||||
Group 2016 | Within 1 year | Between 1 and 2 years | Between 2 and 3 years | Between 3 and 4 years | Between 4 and 5 years | Beyond 5 years | Total |
On balance sheet | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
Financial assets: | |||||||
Cash and balances at central banks | 565.0 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 565.0 |
Loans and advances to customers | 4,908.0 | 986.3 | 791.8 | 583.4 | 388.5 | 1,965.5 | 9,623.5 |
Investment securities | |||||||
- Available-for-sale | 94.8 | 154.5 | 102.4 | 68.6 | 16.9 | 610.5 | 1,047.7 |
- Loans and receivables | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 61.9 | 69.5 |
Other assets | 277.3 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 277.3 |
Total financial assets | 5,846.6 | 1,142.3 | 895.7 | 653.5 | 407.0 | 2,637.9 | 11,583.0 |
Financial liabilities: | |||||||
Deposits from banks | 82.2 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 82.2 |
Deposits from customers | 5,891.2 | 945.7 | 329.4 | 201.3 | 135.2 | 0.6 | 7,503.4 |
Debt securities in issue | 26.1 | 174.7 | 443.7 | 433.6 | 210.0 | ‒ | 1,288.1 |
Derivatives settled on a net basis | |||||||
- Derivatives in economic but not accounting hedges | 7.6 | 2.3 | 0.5 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 10.4 |
- Derivatives in accounting hedge relationships | 28.3 | 24.3 | 18.1 | 1.8 | 8.4 | 29.3 | 110.2 |
Derivatives settled on a gross basis | |||||||
- Outflows | 0.3 | 74.1 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 74.4 |
- Inflows | (0.6) | (63.3) | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | (63.9) |
Other liabilities | 142.8 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 142.8 |
Subordinated liabilities | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 254.1 | 276.6 |
Total financial liabilities | 6,182.4 | 1,162.3 | 796.2 | 641.2 | 358.1 | 284.0 | 9,424.2 |
Off balance sheet | |||||||
Contractual lending commitments | 11,866.8 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 11,866.8 |
Total off balance sheet | 11,866.8 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 11,866.8 |
75
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
Liquidity and funding risk on financial assets and liabilities | |||||||
Company 2017 | Within 1 year | Between 1 and 2 years | Between 2 and 3 years | Between 3 and 4 years | Between 4 and 5 years | Beyond 5 years | Total |
On balance sheet | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
Financial assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and balances at central banks | 694.5 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 694.5 |
Loans and advances to customers | 5,486.5 | 1,143.9 | 934.0 | 709.4 | 482.7 | 2,476.0 | 11,232.5 |
Investment securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Available-for-sale | 176.4 | 86.5 | 93.5 | 26.2 | 131.0 | 490.9 | 1,004.5 |
- Loans and receivables | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 61.4 | 68.8 |
Other assets | 387.2 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 387.2 |
Total financial assets | 6,746.0 | 1,231.8 | 1,029.0 | 737.1 | 615.3 | 3,028.3 | 13,387.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deposits from banks | 100.0 | 301.3 | 0.5 | 100.0 | ‒ | ‒ | 501.8 |
Deposits from customers | 6,662.1 | 1,147.1 | 422.5 | 167.5 | 173.5 | 0.3 | 8,573.0 |
Debt securities in issue | 17.2 | 139.0 | 84.9 | 210.0 | ‒ | ‒ | 451.1 |
Derivatives settled on a net basis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Derivatives in economic but not accounting hedges | (2.1) | (3.4) | (2.9) | (2.5) | ‒ | ‒ | (10.9) |
- Derivatives in accounting hedge relationships | 34.4 | 25.2 | 4.1 | 11.7 | 10.0 | 23.4 | 108.8 |
Derivatives settled on a gross basis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Outflows | 71.5 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 71.5 |
- Inflows | (63.3) | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | (63.3) |
Other liabilities | 304.9 | 304.0 | 351.0 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 959.9 |
Subordinated liabilities | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 302.7 | 325.6 |
Total financial liabilities | 7,128.7 | 1,917.4 | 864.6 | 491.6 | 188.8 | 326.4 | 10,917.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off balance sheet |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contractual lending commitments | 12,132.0 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 12,132.0 |
Total off balance sheet | 12,132.0 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 12,132.0 |
76
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
Liquidity and funding risk on financial assets and liabilities | |||||||
Company 2016 | Within 1 year | Between 1 and 2 years | Between 2 and 3 years | Between 3 and 4 years | Between 4 and 5 years | Beyond 5 years | Total |
On balance sheet | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
Financial assets: | |||||||
Cash and balances at central banks | 506.7 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 506.7 |
Loans and advances to customers | 4,908.0 | 986.3 | 791.8 | 583.4 | 388.5 | 1,965.5 | 9,623.5 |
Investment securities | |||||||
- Available-for-sale | 94.8 | 154.5 | 102.4 | 68.6 | 16.9 | 610.5 | 1,047.7 |
- Loans and receivables | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 61.9 | 69.5 |
Other assets | 291.5 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 291.5 |
Total financial assets | 5,802.5 | 1,142.3 | 895.7 | 653.5 | 407.0 | 2,637.9 | 11,538.9 |
Financial liabilities: | |||||||
Deposits from banks | 82.2 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 82.2 |
Deposits from customers | 5,891.2 | 945.7 | 329.4 | 201.3 | 135.2 | 0.6 | 7,503.4 |
Debt securities in issue | 17.1 | 17.1 | 138.9 | 82.5 | 210.0 | ‒ | 465.6 |
Derivatives settled on a net basis | |||||||
- Derivatives in economic but not accounting hedges | 7.6 | 2.3 | 0.5 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 10.4 |
- Derivatives in accounting hedge relationships | 28.3 | 24.3 | 18.1 | 1.8 | 8.4 | 29.3 | 110.2 |
Derivatives settled on a gross basis | |||||||
- Outflows | 0.3 | 74.1 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 74.4 |
- Inflows | (0.6) | (63.3) | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | (63.9) |
Other liabilities | 152.1 | 157.6 | 304.8 | 351.1 | ‒ | ‒ | 965.6 |
Subordinated liabilities | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 254.1 | 276.6 |
Total financial liabilities | 6,182.7 | 1,162.3 | 796.2 | 641.2 | 358.1 | 284.0 | 9,424.5 |
Off balance sheet | |||||||
Contractual lending commitments | 11,866.8 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 11,866.8 |
Total off balance sheet | 11,866.8 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 11,866.8 |
77
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
The table below summarises the Group's assets which are available to support future funding and collateral needs and shows the extent to which these assets are currently pledged for this purpose.
The Group has adopted the definition of encumbered and unencumbered in the EBA's final guidelines on disclosure of June 2014. Asset encumbrance represents a claim to an asset by another party usually in the form of a security interest such as a pledge. Encumbrance reduces the assets available in the event of default by a bank and therefore, the recovery rate of its depositors and other unsecured bank creditors.
Group | Encumbered | Unencumbered | Total |
2017 | £m | £m | £m |
|
|
|
|
Encumbered asset summary |
|
|
|
Investment securities - available-for-sale | ‒ | 966.1 | 966.1 |
Loans and advances to customers1 | 2,309.9 | 7,651.3 | 9,961.2 |
Other assets | 156.9 | 142.2 | 299.1 |
| 2,466.8 | 8,759.6 | 11,226.4 |
|
|
|
|
Encumbered loans and advances to customers |
|
|
|
Securitisation - Delamare Master Trust | 1,853.5 |
|
|
Mortgages | 456.4 |
|
|
| 2,309.9 |
|
|
Encumbered other assets |
|
|
|
Initial margin held at Clearing Houses | 42.4 |
|
|
Variation margin held at Clearing Houses | 104.5 |
|
|
Collateral held at counterparties | 10.0 |
|
|
| 156.9 |
|
|
1 Refer Note 1, 'Accounting Policies' for details of methodology change. | |||
2 Market value of securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements with other banks. All collateral agreements mature within 12 months. |
78
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
Group | Encumbered | Unencumbered | Total |
2016 | £m | £m | £m |
Encumbered asset summary | |||
Investment securities - available-for-sale | 33.1 | 950.5 | 983.6 |
Loans and advances to customers1 | 2,618.0 | 5,927.7 | 8,545.7 |
Other assets | 120.5 | 156.8 | 277.3 |
2,771.6 | 7,035.0 | 9,806.6 | |
Encumbered investment securities - available-for-sale | |||
Repurchase transaction collateral2 | 33.1 | ||
Encumbered loans and advances to customers | |||
Securitisation - Delamare Master Trust | 2,040.6 | ||
Mortgages | 577.4 | ||
2,618.0 | |||
Encumbered other assets | |||
Collateral held at counterparties | 120.5 |
Loans and advances assigned for use as collateral in securitisation transactions.
At 28 February 2017, £2,529.3m (2016: £2,638.5m) of the Credit Card portfolio had its beneficial interest assigned to a securitisation structured entity, Delamare Cards Receivables Trustee Limited, for use as collateral in securitisation transactions. The total encumbered portion of this portfolio is £1,853.5m (2016: £2,040.6m).
At 28 February 2017, Delamare Cards MTN Issuer plc had £1,800.0m (2016: £1,800.0m) notes in issue in relation to securitisation transactions, of which £800.0m (2016: £800.0m) related to externally issued notes (refer to note 26). At 28 February 2017 the Group owned £1,000.0m (2016: £1,000.0m) of Credit Card backed notes issued by Delamare Cards MTN Issuer plc.
Of the total £800.0m (2016: £800.0m) class A retained Credit Card backed notes, £630.0m (2016: £nil) is held in a distinct pool for the purposes of collateralising the TFS drawings. All other prepositioned assets with the Bank of England are held within their single collateral pool.
Loans and advances prepositioned with Bank of England
Group and Company | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Credit Card backed notes* | 780.0 | 778.8 |
Mortgages | 456.4 | 577.4 |
Unsecured personal loans | 1,037.7 | 1,248.4 |
Total assets prepositioned as collateral with Bank of England | 2,274.1 | 2,604.6 |
|
| |
Collateralised FLS Drawings | 270.0 | 389.0 |
|
| |
Collateralised TFS Drawings | 400.0 | ‒ |
*Issued by Delamare Cards MTN Issuer plc
79
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
· Market risk
Market risk is the risk that the value of earnings or capital is altered through the movement of market rates. This includes interest rates, foreign exchange rates, credit spreads and equities. The Group has no trading book exposures. Market risk arises in the following ways in the Group:
· Interest rate risk in the Group's retail portfolios, certain income streams and in its funding activities arises from the different repricing characteristics of non trading assets and liabilities, hereafter referred to as Interest Rate Risk in the Banking Book (IRRBB);
· Foreign exchange exposures that arise from foreign currency investments, foreign currency loans, deposits, income and other foreign currency contracts;
· Interest rate risk associated with TU's investment portfolio; and
· Investment risk relating to the Group's pension obligations.
Control and risk mitigants
Control of market risk exposure is managed by ALCo and the Market Risk Forum. These bodies provide oversight of the Group's market risk position at a detailed level, providing regular reports and recommendations to the Board Risk Committee.
· Interest rate risk in the Banking Book
The Group offers lending and savings products with varying interest rate features and maturities which create potential interest rate exposures. IRRBB is the main market risk that could affect the Group's net interest income and arises where there is potential for changes in benchmark interest rates, which results in a movement in the Banking Book net interest income.
Interest rate risk is the risk to earnings and capital arising from timing differences on the re-pricing of the Group's loans and deposits and unexpected changes to the slope and shape of the yield curve. The Group is exposed to interest rate risk through its dealings with retail customers as well as through lending to and borrowing from the wholesale market.
80
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
Control and risk mitigants
The Group has established limits for its Risk Appetite in this area and stress tests are performed using sensitivity to fluctuations in underlying interest rates in order to monitor this risk.
IRRBB management information is monitored by the Asset and Liability Management (ALM) team and regularly reviewed by ALCo. IRRBB primarily arises from the consumer lending portfolios (including the Mortgage pipeline) and retail deposits. Hedging strategies are implemented as required to ensure that the Group remains within its stated Risk Appetite.
The main hedging instruments used are interest rate swaps and the residual exposure is reported to the ALCo monthly using two key risk measures.
Capital at Risk (CaR): The CaR approach assesses the sensitivity of a reduction in the Bank's capital to movements in interest rates. The scenarios considered include both parallel and non-parallel movements of the yield curve and have been designed to assess impacts across a suitable range of severe but plausible movements in interest rates. The CaR measure is an aggregate measure of four separate components, each being a distinct form of interest rate risk (Repricing Risk, Basis Risk, Pipeline Risk and Prepayment Risk).
The table below shows the Group's CaR. At 29 February 2016 the Group was exposed to net residual risk via a downward rate scenario. Due to a combination of balance growth and, in particular, an increase in fixed rate lending via mortgage products, the net residual risk exposure at 28 February 2017 was to an upward rate scenario.
| 2017 | 2016 |
| Upward rate scenario | Downward rate scenario |
Capital at Risk Sensitivity | £m | £m |
Repricing risk | (6.7) | (4.4) |
Basis risk | 4.5 | (3.9) |
Pipeline risk | (5.1) | 0.1 |
Prepayment risk | (18.4) | - |
Total | (25.7) | (8.2) |
Net Interest Income (NII) Sensitivity: This measures the effect of a +1.0%; -0.75% (2016: +1.0%; -0.5%) parallel interest rate shock on the next 12 months NII, based on the re-pricing gaps in the existing portfolio.
| 2017 | 2016 | ||
| Upward Rate Shock | Downward Rate Shock | Upward Rate Shock | Downward Rate Shock |
NII Sensitivity | (0.07)% | 0.05% | 0.95% | (0.48)% |
The sensitivity analyses presented represent, in accordance with the requirements of IFRS 7, 'Financial Instruments: Disclosures', Management's assessment of a reasonably possible sensitivity, rather than worst case scenario positions.
· Foreign exchange risk
The Group invests in non-GBP denominated bonds and may raise funding from the wholesale markets in currencies other than GBP. Foreign exchange exposure arises if these are not hedged. Foreign exchange exposure may also arise through invoices received which are denominated in foreign currencies.
81
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
Control and risk mitigants
Substantially all foreign currency exposure is hedged to reduce exposure to a minimum level, within Board-approved limits. The residual exposure is not material and, as such, no sensitivity analysis is disclosed.
The table below summarises the Group's exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk as at 28 February 2017. Included in the table are the Group's financial instruments at carrying amounts, categorised by currency.
Maximum exposure to foreign exchange risk | |||||
2017 | EUR | USD | GBP | Other | Total |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
Financial assets |
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and balances with central banks* | 6.6 | 2.9 | 790.1 | 3.3 | 802.9 |
Loans and advances to customers | 32.9 | ‒ | 9,928.3 | ‒ | 9,961.2 |
Derivative financial instruments | ‒ | ‒ | 28.7 | ‒ | 28.7 |
Investment securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
- Available-for-sale | 17.4 | 46.1 | 892.5 | 10.1 | 966.1 |
- Loans and receivables | ‒ | ‒ | 34.1 | ‒ | 34.1 |
Other assets* | 0.4 | ‒ | 298.7 | ‒ | 299.1 |
Total financial assets | 57.3 | 49.0 | 11,972.4 | 13.4 | 12,092.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
Deposits from banks | ‒ | ‒ | 499.8 | ‒ | 499.8 |
Deposits from customers | ‒ | ‒ | 8,466.8 | ‒ | 8,466.8 |
Debt securities in issue | ‒ | ‒ | 1,204.3 | ‒ | 1,204.3 |
Derivative financial instruments | ‒ | ‒ | 133.3 | ‒ | 133.3 |
Other liabilities | (0.2) | ‒ | 148.5 | ‒ | 148.3 |
Subordinated liabilities | ‒ | ‒ | 235.0 | ‒ | 235.0 |
Total financial liabilities | (0.2) | ‒ | 10,687.7 | ‒ | 10,687.5 |
*On a Company basis, cash and balances with central banks is £694.5m (2016: £506.6m), and other assets is £387.2m (2016: £315.5m). |
82
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
Maximum exposure to foreign exchange risk | |||||
2016 | EUR | USD | GBP | Other | Total |
£m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
Financial assets | |||||
Cash and balances with central banks* | 5.5 | 2.7 | 553.8 | 2.9 | 564.9 |
Loans and advances to customers | 32.1 | ‒ | 8,513.6 | ‒ | 8,545.7 |
Derivative financial instruments | ‒ | ‒ | 29.3 | ‒ | 29.3 |
Investment securities: | |||||
- Available-for-sale | 20.0 | 39.9 | 914.5 | 9.2 | 983.6 |
- Loans and receivables | ‒ | ‒ | 34.1 | ‒ | 34.1 |
Other assets* | 1.0 | ‒ | 276.3 | ‒ | 277.3 |
Total financial assets | 58.6 | 42.6 | 10,321.6 | 12.1 | 10,434.9 |
Financial liabilities | |||||
Deposits from banks | ‒ | ‒ | 82.0 | ‒ | 82.0 |
Deposits from customers | ‒ | ‒ | 7,398.5 | ‒ | 7,398.5 |
Debt securities in issue | ‒ | ‒ | 1,206.6 | ‒ | 1,206.6 |
Derivative financial instruments | ‒ | ‒ | 150.5 | ‒ | 150.5 |
Other liabilities | (0.1) | ‒ | 142.5 | 0.4 | 142.8 |
Subordinated liabilities | ‒ | ‒ | 235.0 | ‒ | 235.0 |
Total financial liabilities | (0.1) | ‒ | 9,215.1 | 0.4 | 9,215.4 |
83
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
· Tesco Underwriting Limited investment portfolio
The TU insurance portfolio assets are invested with a number of counterparties. These investments are predominantly comprised of government securities, corporate bonds and short term cash investments.
The main risks relate to changes in:
· interest rates affecting fair value arising as a proportion of the bonds are fixed rate in nature; and
· credit quality, as the range of assets held are issued by a variety of institutions with different credit characteristics.
Controls and risk mitigants
Portfolio management is undertaken by the TU investment committee. The Group's Risk function provides oversight and challenge.
· Investment risk relating to pension obligations
Pension risk may be defined as the risk to a company caused by its contractual or other liabilities to or with respect to a pension scheme (whether established for its employees or those of a related company or otherwise). The Group is a participating employer in the Tesco PLC Pension Scheme. Tesco PLC has recognised the appropriate net liability of the Tesco PLC pension scheme in accordance with IAS 19, 'Employee Benefits' (refer to note 33).
· Insurance risk
The Group is exposed to insurance risk through its 49.9% ownership of TU, an authorised insurance company.
The Group defines insurance risk as the risks accepted through the provision of insurance products in return for a premium. These risks may or may not occur as expected and the amount and timing of these risks are uncertain and determined by events outside of the Group's control (e.g. flood or vehicular accident). The Group's aim is to actively manage insurance risk exposure, with particular focus on those risks that impact profit volatility.
Insurance risk is typically categorised in the following way:
· Underwriting risk - Related to the selection and pricing (or quantification) of the risk currently being transferred from customers to an insurer; and
· Reserving risk - Related to valuation and management of financial resources sufficient to pay claims for the risk already transferred from customers to an insurer.
Controls and risk mitigants
The Insurance Risk team is responsible for monitoring the potential for financial volatility arising from insurance risk exposures and consistency with the Group's Risk Appetite. The team provides subject matter expertise in the monitoring of TU. TU operates a separate risk framework with dedicated risk and compliance teams and a suite of TU risk policies to ensure that the TU insurance portfolio is operating within agreed Risk Appetite. Performance of the portfolio is monitored and reported to the ERC on a monthly basis against specific KPI thresholds and limits.
· Residual price risk
Residual price risk is the risk that the fair value of a financial instrument and its associated hedge will fluctuate because of changes in market prices, for reasons other than interest rate or credit risk. The Group has available-for-sale investment securities that are held at fair value in the Company and Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
84
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
34. Risk Management (continued)
Controls and risk mitigants
The Group has established appropriate hedging strategies to mitigate the interest rate and foreign exchange risks. Residual price risk remains.
The table below demonstrates the Group's exposure to residual price risk at the year end. Included in the table is the expected impact of a 10% shock in market prices on the Group's available-for-sale investment securities. The figures shown are prior to hedging activities which mitigate the interest rate and foreign exchange risks.
Impact of 10 % shock in market prices | Fair value | Impact of 10% shock | Value after 10% shock | |||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
Available-for-sale: |
|
|
| |||
Government-backed investment securities | 117.4 | 88.6 | (11.7) | (8.9) | 105.7 | 79.7 |
Gilts | 572.5 | 629.6 | (57.2) | (63.0) | 515.3 | 566.6 |
Supranational investment securities | 176.1 | 184.2 | (17.6) | (18.4) | 158.5 | 165.8 |
Other investment securities | 98.4 | 77.7 | (9.8) | (7.8) | 88.6 | 69.9 |
Equity securities | 1.7 | 3.5 | (0.2) | (0.4) | 1.5 | 3.1 |
| 966.1 | 983.6 | (96.5) | (98.5) | 869.6 | 885.1 |
· Regulatory risk
Regulatory risk is the risk of reputational damage, liability or material loss from failure to comply with the requirements of the financial services regulators or related codes of best practice applicable to the business areas within which the Group operates. The Group's aim is to always avoid material breaches of laws and requirements. In the event that legal or regulatory requirements are not met, effective remediation plans will be put in place.
Controls and risk mitigants
As part of the Group's Policy Framework, a dedicated Regulatory Advice and Compliance team is responsible for the Compliance Policy which is approved by the Group's Board, as well as monitoring, challenge and oversight of regulatory risk and compliance across the Group's business. Guidance and advice to enable the business to operate in a compliant manner is provided by the Regulatory Advice and Compliance and Regulatory Legal teams.
The Group's Legal function has responsibility for commercial legal work, litigation/dispute resolution matters, providing guidance on mortgages regulatory compliance, advising on competition law and supporting the Group's Treasury activity. The Legal team also comprises the Company Secretarial function which, in addition to its role supporting the Board and maintaining statutory books, ensures the Company complies with all applicable governance codes.
Business areas manage conduct risk and use a range of management information to monitor the fair treatment of customers. A framework of product-led conduct management information has been developed and is reviewed by Senior Management in the business lines. Customer outcomes are also assessed as part of the development and design of new products and through annual product reviews of existing products. The ERC and Board review and challenge delivery of fair outcomes for customers and are provided with oversight of the management information.
85
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
35. Financial Instruments
Classification of financial assets and liabilities
The following tables analyse the financial assets and financial liabilities in accordance with the categories of financial instruments in IAS 39.
Group | Loans and receivables | Other (amortised cost) | Derivatives held for hedging | Available- for-sale | Total |
2017 | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial assets |
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and balances with central banks | 802.9 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 802.9 |
Loans and advances to customers | 9,961.2 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 9,961.2 |
Derivative financial instruments | ‒ | ‒ | 28.7 | ‒ | 28.7 |
Investment securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
- Available-for-sale | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 966.1 | 966.1 |
- Loans and receivables | 34.1 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 34.1 |
Other assets | 299.1 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 299.1 |
Total financial assets | 11,097.3 | ‒ | 28.7 | 966.1 | 12,092.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
Deposits from banks | ‒ | 499.8 | ‒ | ‒ | 499.8 |
Deposits from customers | ‒ | 8,466.8 | ‒ | ‒ | 8,466.8 |
Debt securities in issue | ‒ | 1,204.3 | ‒ | ‒ | 1,204.3 |
Derivative financial instruments | ‒ | ‒ | 133.3 | ‒ | 133.3 |
Other liabilities | ‒ | 148.3 | ‒ | ‒ | 148.3 |
Subordinated liabilities | ‒ | 235.0 | ‒ | ‒ | 235.0 |
Total financial liabilities | ‒ | 10,554.2 | 133.3 | ‒ | 10,687.5 |
All derivative financial instruments are held for economic hedging purposes, although not all derivatives are designated as hedging instruments under the terms of IAS 39.
86
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
35. Financial Instruments (continued)
Group | Loans and receivables | Other (amortised cost) | Derivatives held for hedging | Available- for-sale | Total |
2016 | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
Financial assets | |||||
Cash and balances with central banks | 564.9 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 564.9 |
Loans and advances to customers | 8,545.7 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 8,545.7 |
Derivative financial instruments | ‒ | ‒ | 29.3 | ‒ | 29.3 |
Investment securities: | |||||
- Available-for-sale | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 983.6 | 983.6 |
- Loans and receivables | 34.1 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 34.1 |
Other assets | 277.3 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 277.3 |
Total financial assets | 9,422.0 | ‒ | 29.3 | 983.6 | 10,434.9 |
Financial liabilities | |||||
Deposits from banks | ‒ | 82.0 | ‒ | ‒ | 82.0 |
Deposits from customers | ‒ | 7,398.5 | ‒ | ‒ | 7,398.5 |
Debt securities in issue | ‒ | 1,206.6 | ‒ | ‒ | 1,206.6 |
Derivative financial instruments | ‒ | ‒ | 150.5 | ‒ | 150.5 |
Other liabilities | ‒ | 142.8 | ‒ | ‒ | 142.8 |
Subordinated liabilities | ‒ | 235.0 | ‒ | ‒ | 235.0 |
Total financial liabilities | ‒ | 9,064.9 | 150.5 | ‒ | 9,215.4 |
87
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
35. Financial Instruments (continued)
Company | Loans and receivables | Other (amortised cost) | Derivatives held for hedging | Available- for-sale | Total |
2017 | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial assets |
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and balances with central banks | 694.5 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 694.5 |
Loans and advances to customers | 9,961.2 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 9,961.2 |
Derivative financial instruments | ‒ | ‒ | 28.7 | ‒ | 28.7 |
Investment securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
- Available-for-sale | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 966.1 | 966.1 |
- Loans and receivables | 34.1 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 34.1 |
Other assets | 387.2 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 387.2 |
Total financial assets | 11,077.0 | ‒ | 28.7 | 966.1 | 12,071.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
Deposits from banks | ‒ | 499.8 | ‒ | ‒ | 499.8 |
Deposits from customers | ‒ | 8,466.8 | ‒ | ‒ | 8,466.8 |
Debt securities in issue | ‒ | 406.0 | ‒ | ‒ | 406.0 |
Derivative financial instruments | ‒ | ‒ | 133.3 | ‒ | 133.3 |
Other liabilities | ‒ | 925.3 | ‒ | ‒ | 925.3 |
Subordinated liabilities | ‒ | 235.0 | ‒ | ‒ | 235.0 |
Total financial liabilities | ‒ | 10,532.9 | 133.3 | ‒ | 10,666.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Company | Loans and receivables | Other (amortised cost) | Derivatives held for hedging | Available- for-sale | Total |
2016 | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
Financial assets | |||||
Cash and balances with central banks | 506.6 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 506.6 |
Loans and advances to customers | 8,545.7 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 8,545.7 |
Derivative financial instruments | ‒ | ‒ | 29.3 | ‒ | 29.3 |
Investment securities: | |||||
- Available-for-sale | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 983.6 | 983.6 |
- Loans and receivables | 34.1 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 34.1 |
Other assets | 315.5 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | 315.5 |
Total financial assets | 9,401.9 | ‒ | 29.3 | 983.6 | 10,414.8 |
Financial liabilities | |||||
Deposits from banks | ‒ | 82.0 | ‒ | ‒ | 82.0 |
Deposits from customers | ‒ | 7,398.5 | ‒ | ‒ | 7,398.5 |
Debt securities in issue | ‒ | 408.9 | ‒ | ‒ | 408.9 |
Derivative financial instruments | ‒ | ‒ | 150.5 | ‒ | 150.5 |
Other liabilities | ‒ | 919.0 | ‒ | ‒ | 919.0 |
Subordinated liabilities | ‒ | 235.0 | ‒ | ‒ | 235.0 |
Total financial liabilities | ‒ | 9,043.4 | 150.5 | ‒ | 9,193.9 |
88
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
35. Financial Instruments (continued)
Offsetting
The following tables show those financial assets and liabilities subject to offsetting, enforceable master netting arrangements and similar agreements.
Group and Company |
| Related amounts not offset |
| |
2017 | Gross and net amounts presented in Statement of Financial Position | Financial instruments | Collateral pledged | Net amounts |
| £m | £m | £m | £m |
Financial assets |
|
|
|
|
Derivative financial instruments | 28.7 | (17.5) | (11.0) | 0.2 |
Total financial assets | 28.7 | (17.5) | (11.0) | 0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
Derivative financial instruments | (133.3) | 17.5 | 114.5 | (1.3) |
Repurchases, securities lending and similar agreements* | (99.8) | 100.0 | ‒ | 0.2 |
Total financial liabilities | (233.1) | 117.5 | 114.5 | (1.1) |
Group and Company | Related amounts not offset | |||
2016 | Gross and net amounts presented in Statement of Financial Position | Financial instruments | Collateral pledged | Net amounts |
£m | £m | £m | £m | |
Financial assets | ||||
Derivative financial instruments | 29.3 | (20.6) | (3.8) | 4.9 |
Total financial assets | 29.3 | (20.6) | (3.8) | 4.9 |
Financial liabilities | ||||
Derivative financial instruments | (150.5) | 20.6 | 120.5 | (9.4) |
Repurchases, securities lending and similar agreements* | (82.0) | 83.1 | (1.1) | ‒ |
Total financial liabilities | (232.5) | 103.7 | 119.4 | (9.4) |
*Repurchases, securities lending and similar agreements are included within the Deposits from Banks balance of £499.8m (2016: £82.0m) in the Company and Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
For the financial assets and financial liabilities subject to enforceable master netting arrangements above, each agreement between the Group and the counterparty allows for net settlement of the relevant financial assets and financial liabilities when both elect to settle on a net basis. In the absence of such an election, financial assets and financial liabilities will be settled on a gross basis. However, each party to the master netting agreement or similar agreement will have the option to settle all such amounts on a net basis in the event of default of the other party.
89
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
35. Financial Instruments (continued)
Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities
Except as detailed in the following table, the Directors consider that the carrying value amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded on the Statement of Financial Position are approximately equal to their fair values.
Group | 2017 | 2016 | ||
| Carrying value | Fair Value | Carrying value | Fair value |
| £m | £m | £m | £m |
|
|
|
|
|
Financial assets |
|
|
|
|
Loans and advances to customers | 9,961.2 | 10,178.2 | 8,545.7 | 8,825.3 |
Investment securities - loans and receivables | 34.1 | 55.3 | 34.1 | 43.3 |
| 9,995.3 | 10,233.5 | 8,579.8 | 8,868.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
Deposits from customers | 8,466.8 | 8,489.1 | 7,398.5 | 7,406.5 |
Debt securities in issue | 1,204.3 | 1,210.0 | 1,206.6 | 1,186.3 |
Subordinated liabilities | 235.0 | 239.9 | 235.0 | 204.7 |
| 9,906.1 | 9,939.0 | 8,840.1 | 8,797.5 |
Company | 2017 | 2016 | ||
| Carrying value | Fair Value | Carrying value | Fair value |
| £m | £m | £m | £m |
|
|
| ||
Financial assets |
|
| ||
Loans and advances to customers | 9,961.2 | 10,178.2 | 8,545.7 | 8,825.3 |
Investment securities - loans and receivables | 34.1 | 55.3 | 34.1 | 43.3 |
| 9,995.3 | 10,233.5 | 8,579.8 | 8,868.6 |
|
|
| ||
Financial liabilities |
|
| ||
Deposits from customers | 8,466.8 | 8,489.1 | 7,398.5 | 7,406.5 |
Debt securities in issue | 406.0 | 410.0 | 408.9 | 391.8 |
Subordinated liabilities | 235.0 | 239.9 | 235.0 | 204.7 |
| 9,107.8 | 9,139.0 | 8,042.4 | 8,003.0 |
The only financial assets and financial liabilities which are carried at fair value in the Statement of Financial Position are available-for-sale investment securities and derivative financial instruments. The valuation techniques and inputs used to derive fair values at the year end are described below.
90
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
35. Financial Instruments (continued)
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Where an active market is considered to exist, fair values are based on quoted prices. For instruments which do not have active markets, fair value is calculated using present value models, which take individual cash flows together with assumptions based on market conditions and credit spreads, and are consistent with accepted economic methodologies for pricing financial instruments.
In each case the fair value is calculated by discounting future cash flows using benchmark, observable market interest rates.
The table below categorises all financial instruments held at fair value (recurring measurement) and the fair value of financial instruments held at amortised cost according to the method used to establish the fair value disclosed.
Group | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total |
2017 | £m | £m | £m | £m |
|
|
|
|
|
Financial assets carried at fair value |
|
|
|
|
Financial assets classified as available-for-sale | 964.4 | ‒ | 1.7 | 966.1 |
Derivative financial instruments: |
|
|
|
|
- Interest rate swaps | ‒ | 27.6 | ‒ | 27.6 |
- Forward foreign currency contracts | ‒ | 0.1 | ‒ | 0.1 |
- Cross currency swaps | ‒ | 1.0 | ‒ | 1.0 |
Financial assets carried at amortised cost |
|
|
|
|
Loans and advances to customers | ‒ | ‒ | 10,178.2 | 10,178.2 |
Investment securities - loans and receivables | ‒ | 55.3 | ‒ | 55.3 |
Total | 964.4 | 84.0 | 10,179.9 | 11,228.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities carried at fair value |
|
|
|
|
Derivative financial instruments: |
|
|
|
|
- Interest rate swaps | ‒ | 123.8 | ‒ | 123.8 |
- Forward foreign currency contracts | ‒ | 0.2 | ‒ | 0.2 |
- Cross currency swaps | ‒ | 9.3 | ‒ | 9.3 |
Financial liabilities carried at amortised cost |
|
|
|
|
Deposits from customers | ‒ | ‒ | 8,489.1 | 8,489.1 |
Debt securities in issue | 1,210.0 | ‒ | ‒ | 1,210.0 |
Subordinated liabilities | ‒ | 239.9 | ‒ | 239.9 |
Total | 1,210.0 | 373.2 | 8,489.1 | 10,072.3 |
91
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
35. Financial Instruments (continued)
Company | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total |
2017 | £m | £m | £m | £m |
Financial assets carried at fair value |
|
|
|
|
Financial assets classified as available-for-sale | 964.4 | ‒ | 1.7 | 966.1 |
Derivative financial instruments: |
|
|
|
|
- Interest rate swaps | ‒ | 27.6 | ‒ | 27.6 |
- Forward foreign currency contracts | ‒ | 0.1 | ‒ | 0.1 |
- Cross currency swaps | ‒ | 1.0 | ‒ | 1.0 |
Financial assets carried at amortised cost |
|
|
|
|
Loans and advances to customers | ‒ | ‒ | 10,178.2 | 10,178.2 |
Investment securities - loans and receivables | ‒ | 55.3 | ‒ | 55.3 |
Total | 964.4 | 84.0 | 10,179.9 | 11,228.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities carried at fair value |
|
|
|
|
Derivative financial instruments: |
|
|
|
|
- Interest rate swaps | ‒ | 123.8 | ‒ | 123.8 |
- Forward foreign currency contracts | ‒ | 0.2 | ‒ | 0.2 |
- Cross currency swaps | ‒ | 9.3 | ‒ | 9.3 |
Financial liabilities carried at amortised cost |
|
|
|
|
Deposits from customers | ‒ | ‒ | 8,489.1 | 8,489.1 |
Debt securities in issue | 410.0 | ‒ | ‒ | 410.0 |
Subordinated liabilities | ‒ | 239.9 | ‒ | 239.9 |
Total | 410.0 | 373.2 | 8,489.1 | 9,272.3 |
Group | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total |
2016 | £m | £m | £m | £m |
Financial assets carried at fair value | ||||
Financial assets classified as available-for-sale | 980.1 | ‒ | 3.5 | 983.6 |
Derivative financial instruments: | ||||
- Interest rate swaps | ‒ | 25.4 | ‒ | 25.4 |
- Cross currency swaps | ‒ | 3.9 | ‒ | 3.9 |
Financial assets carried at amortised cost | ||||
Loans and advances to customers | ‒ | ‒ | 8,825.3 | 8,825.3 |
Investment securities - loans and receivables | ‒ | 43.3 | ‒ | 43.3 |
Total | 980.1 | 72.6 | 8,828.8 | 9,881.5 |
Financial liabilities carried at fair value | ||||
Derivative financial instruments: | ||||
- Interest rate swaps | ‒ | 144.8 | ‒ | 144.8 |
- Forward foreign currency contracts | ‒ | 1.2 | ‒ | 1.2 |
- Cross currency swaps | ‒ | 4.5 | ‒ | 4.5 |
Financial liabilities carried at amortised cost | ||||
Deposits from customers | ‒ | ‒ | 7,406.5 | 7,406.5 |
Debt securities in issue | 1,186.3 | ‒ | ‒ | 1,186.3 |
Subordinated liabilities | ‒ | 204.7 | ‒ | 204.7 |
Total | 1,186.3 | 355.2 | 7,406.5 | 8,948.0 |
92 TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) 35. Financial Instruments (continued)
| ||||
Company | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total |
2016 | £m | £m | £m | £m |
Financial assets carried at fair value | ||||
Financial assets classified as available-for-sale | 980.1 | ‒ | 3.5 | 983.6 |
Derivative financial instruments: | ||||
- Interest rate swaps | ‒ | 25.4 | ‒ | 25.4 |
- Cross currency swaps | ‒ | 3.9 | ‒ | 3.9 |
Financial assets carried at amortised cost | ||||
Loans and advances to customers | ‒ | ‒ | 8,825.3 | 8,825.3 |
Investment securities - loans and receivables | ‒ | 43.3 | ‒ | 43.3 |
Total | 980.1 | 72.6 | 8,828.8 | 9,881.5 |
Financial liabilities carried at fair value | ||||
Derivative financial instruments: | ||||
- Interest rate swaps | ‒ | 144.8 | ‒ | 144.8 |
- Forward foreign currency contracts | ‒ | 1.2 | ‒ | 1.2 |
- Cross currency swaps | ‒ | 4.5 | ‒ | 4.5 |
Financial liabilities carried at amortised cost | ||||
Deposits from customers | ‒ | ‒ | 7,406.5 | 7,406.5 |
Debt securities in issue | 391.8 | ‒ | ‒ | 391.8 |
Subordinated liabilities | ‒ | 204.7 | ‒ | 204.7 |
Total | 391.8 | 355.2 | 7,406.5 | 8,153.5 |
There are three levels to the hierarchy as follows:
Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (for example, as prices) or indirectly (for example, derived from prices).
Derivative financial instruments which are categorised as Level 2 are those which either:
· Have future cash flows which are on known dates and for which the cash flow amounts are known or calculable by reference to observable interest and foreign exchange rates; or
· Have future cash flows which are not pre-defined, but for which the fair value of the instrument has very low sensitivity to changes in estimate of future cash flows.
In each case the fair value is calculated by discounting future cash flows using benchmark, observable market interest rates.
Available-for-sale investment securities which are categorised as Level 2 are those where no active market exists or where there are quoted prices available for similar instruments in active markets.
Fair values of investment securities classified as loans and receivables are based on quoted prices, where available, or by using discounted cash flows applying market rates.
The estimated fair value of subordinated liabilities is calculated using a discounted cash flow model based on a current yield curve appropriate for the remaining term to maturity.
93
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
35. Financial Instruments (continued)
Level 3 - Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
Loans and advances to customers are net of charges for impairment. The estimated fair value of loans and advances represents the discounted amount of estimated future cash flows expected to be received. Expected cash flows are discounted at current market rates to determine fair value.
The estimated fair value of deposits from customers represents the discounted amount of estimated future cash flows expected to be paid. Expected cash flows are discounted at current market rates to determine fair value.
The estimated fair value of financial assets classified as available-for-sale, being the Group's interest in VISA Inc., is described in note 16.
There were no transfers between Levels 1 and Level 2 in the year to 28 February 2017 (2016: no transfers).
There were no transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 in the year to 28 February 2017 (2016: no transfers).
36. Cash and Cash Equivalents
For the purposes of the Cash Flow Statement, cash and cash equivalents comprise the following balances with short term maturities from the date of acquisition:
| Group | Company | ||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m | £m | £m |
Cash and balances with central banks* (note 13) | 788.6 | 551.8 | 680.2 | 493.5 |
*Mandatory reserve deposits held with the Bank of England of £14.3m (2016: £13.1m) are not included within cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of the cash flow statement as these do not have short term maturities.
94
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
37. Cash Outflow from Operating Activities
| Group | Company | ||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
Non cash items included in operating profit before taxation | £m | £m | £m | £m |
|
|
| ||
Loan impairment charges (refer note 9) | 102.8 | 64.2 | 102.8 | 64.2 |
Depreciation and amortisation (refer notes 22 & 23) | 110.3 | 86.0 | 110.3 | 86.0 |
Gain on disposal of investment securities | (4.2) | (0.6) | (4.2) | (0.6) |
Disposal of non-current assets (refer notes 22 & 23) | 6.5 | ‒ | 6.5 | ‒ |
Provision for liabilities and charges (refer note 27) | 59.6 | 2.8 | 59.6 | 2.8 |
Impairment loss on insurance premiums (refer note 9) | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
Share of loss of joint venture (refer note 20) | 15.6 | 2.6 | ‒ | ‒ |
Equity settled share based payments (refer note 11) | 0.9 | 10.1 | 0.9 | 10.1 |
Interest on subordinated liabilities (refer note 4) | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.5 |
Fair value movements | (12.6) | 19.2 | (13.1) | 18.1 |
Total | 286.8 | 192.4 | 270.7 | 188.7 |
|
|
| ||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |
|
| ||
|
|
| ||
Net movement in mandatory balances with central banks | (1.2) | (0.1) | (1.2) | (0.1) |
Net movement in loans and advances to customers | (1,528.8) | (872.3) | (1,528.8) | (872.3) |
Net movement in prepayments and accrued income | 0.9 | (2.1) | 0.9 | (2.1) |
Net movement in other assets | (21.7) | (76.5) | (71.7) | (64.0) |
Net movement in deposits from banks | 417.8 | (24.5) | 417.8 | (24.5) |
Net movement in deposits from customers | 1,068.3 | 483.7 | 1,068.3 | 483.7 |
Net movement in accruals and deferred income | (12.6) | 8.2 | (12.6) | 8.2 |
Provisions utilised | (36.1) | (34.7) | (36.1) | (34.7) |
Net movement in other liabilities | 5.5 | (0.2) | 6.3 | (8.8) |
Total | (107.9) | (518.5) | (157.1) | (514.6) |
95
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
38. Capital Resources
On 27 June 2013 the final CRD IV rules were published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Following the publication of the CRD IV rules, the Prudential Regulatory Authority (PRA) issued a policy statement on 19 December 2013 detailing how the rules will be enacted within the UK with corresponding time frames for implementation. The CRD IV rules are currently being phased in. The following tables analyse the regulatory capital resources of the Company (being the regulated entity) applicable as at the year end and also the 'end point' position, once all of the rules contained within CRD IV have come into force:
| Transitional | Transitional |
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
|
| |
Movement in common equity tier 1 capital: |
| |
At the beginning of the year | 1,217.6 | 1,041.1 |
Profit attributable to shareholders | 152.6 | 189.7 |
Gains and losses on liabilities arising from own credit | 0.9 | (1.9) |
Other reserves | 5.7 | 7.8 |
Ordinary dividends | (50.0) | (50.0) |
Movement in intangible assets | 63.9 | 38.7 |
Movement in material holdings | 3.4 | 3.4 |
Deferred tax liabilities related to intangible assets | (13.0) | (11.2) |
|
| |
At the end of the year | 1,381.1 | 1,217.6 |
96
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
38. Capital Resources (continued)
| End Point | Transitional | Transitional |
| 2017 | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m | £m |
Common equity tier 1 |
|
| |
|
|
| |
Shareholders' equity (accounting capital) | 1,671.5 | 1,671.5 | 1,562.1 |
|
|
| |
Regulatory adjustments |
|
| |
Unrealised gains on cash flow hedge reserve | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.6 |
Adjustment to own credit/Additional Value Adjustments | (1.1) | (1.1) | (1.9) |
Intangible assets | (300.0) | (300.0) | (363.9) |
Deferred tax liabilities related to intangible assets | 13.6 | 13.6 | 26.5 |
Material holdings in financial sector entities | ‒ | (3.4) | (6.8) |
|
|
| |
Core tier 1 capital | 1,384.5 | 1,381.1 | 1,217.6 |
|
|
| |
Tier 2 capital (instruments and provisions) |
|
| |
Undated subordinated notes | 45.0 | 45.0 | 45.0 |
Dated subordinated notes net of regulatory amortisation | 190.0 | 190.0 | 190.0 |
Credit risk adjustment | 63.1 | 63.1 | 44.6 |
|
|
| |
Tier 2 capital (instruments and provisions) before regulatory adjustments | 298.1 | 298.1 | 279.6 |
|
|
| |
Regulatory adjustments |
|
| |
Material holdings in financial sector entities | (34.1) | (30.7) | (27.3) |
|
|
| |
Total regulatory adjustments to tier 2 capital (instruments and provisions) | (34.1) | (30.7) | (27.3) |
|
|
| |
Total tier 2 capital (instruments and provisions) | 264.0 | 267.4 | 252.3 |
|
|
| |
Total capital | 1,648.5 | 1,648.5 | 1,469.9 |
|
|
| |
Total risk weighted assets (unaudited) | 8,255.1 | 8,255.1 | 7,345.9 |
|
|
| |
Common equity tier 1 ratio (unaudited) | 16.8% | 16.7% | 16.6% |
|
|
| |
Tier 1 ratio (unaudited) | 16.8% | 16.7% | 16.6% |
|
|
| |
Total capital ratio (unaudited) | 20.0% | 20.0% | 20.0% |
97
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
38. Capital Resources (continued)
The table below reconciles shareholders' equity of the Group to shareholders' equity of the Company:
| 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
|
| |
Tesco Personal Finance plc (Group) shareholders' equity | 1,670.5 | 1,565.8 |
Share of joint venture's retained earnings | 10.4 | (5.2) |
Subsidiaries' retained earnings | 0.8 | 1.2 |
Share of joint venture's available-for-sale reserve | (10.2) | 0.3 |
Tesco Personal Finance plc (Company) shareholders' equity | 1,671.5 | 1,562.1 |
It is the Group's policy to maintain a strong capital base, to expand it as appropriate and to utilise it efficiently throughout its activities to optimise the return to shareholders while maintaining a prudent relationship between the capital base and the underlying risks of the business. In carrying out this policy, the Group has regard to the supervisory requirements of the PRA.
Leverage ratio (unaudited)
The Basel III reforms include the introduction of a capital leverage measure as defined as the ratio of tier 1 capital to total exposure. This is intended to reinforce the risk based capital requirements with a simple, non-risk based 'backstop' measure. The Basel Committee has proposed that final adjustments to the definition and calibration of the leverage ratio be carried out in 2017, with a view to migrating to a Pillar 1 treatment in 2018. In January 2015 the European Commission revised the CRD IV leverage rules to closely align to the Basel III Leverage Framework.
In the interim, the Group has published the estimated leverage ratio on a fully transitional CRD IV basis.
Exposures for leverage ratio (unaudited) | End point | Transitional |
2017 | £m | £m |
| ||
Total balance sheet exposures | 12,558.3 | 12,558.3 |
Removal of accounting value of derivatives and Securities Financing Transactions (SFTs) | (25.0) | (25.0) |
Exposure value for derivatives and SFTs | 9.1 | 9.1 |
Off balance sheet: unconditionally cancellable (10%) | 1,197.7 | 1,197.7 |
Off balance sheet: other (20%) | 31.1 | 31.1 |
Regulatory adjustment - intangible assets | (343.9) | (343.9) |
Regulatory adjustment - other | ‒ | (3.4) |
Total | 13,427.3 | 13,423.9 |
|
|
|
Common equity tier 1 | 1,384.5 | 1,381.1 |
|
|
|
Leverage ratio | 10.3% | 10.3% |
The Company's estimated end point leverage ratio is 10.3%. The Basel Committee's minimum ratio of 3.0% is proposed to become a Pillar 1 requirement by 1 January 2018.
98
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
38. Capital Resources (continued)
Capital Management
The Group operates an integrated risk management process to identify, quantify and manage risk in the Group. The quantification of risk includes the use of both stress and scenario testing. Where capital is considered to be an appropriate mitigant for a given risk, this is identified and reflected in the Group's internal capital assessment. The capital resources of the Group are regularly monitored against the higher of this internal assessment and regulatory requirements. Capital adequacy and performance against the Group's Capital plan is monitored daily by Treasury, with monthly reporting provided to the Board, ALCo and Capital Management Forum.
During the year capital and leverage regulations continued to evolve.
Pillar 2 capital methodologies
The PRA updated its Pillar 2 capital methodologies in July 2016 following the publication of prudential requirements for implementation of ring-fencing and in February 2017 consulted on Pillar 2A adjustments to the Standardised approach for Credit risk, revisions to internal ratings based benchmarking and additional consideration for standardised firms using IFRS accounting.
These proposals are aimed at promoting the safety and soundness of PRA-regulated firms, to facilitate a more effective banking sector and to make the PRA's Pillar 2A capital assessment more robust and more proportionate by addressing some of the concerns over the differences between Standardised approach and IRB risk weights. This will continue to be managed as part of the Bank's internal capital adequacy process in line with the PRA updated expectations as advised in Feb 2017. The PRA general safety and soundness objectives in relation to continuity of core services in the UK and ring-fencing of Bank activities where core deposits are in excess of £25bn are due to be implemented from 1 January 2019.
Management forecasts indicate that the Group will not exceed this threshold and will not automatically be required to ring-fence the Group's core activities by the 2019 implementation date.
Credit Risk
In December 2015 the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) published a second consultation on revisions to the Standardised credit risk framework and the impact of these proposed revisions was assessed through a Quantitative Impact Study during 2016. The proposed revisions are designed to increase the risk sensitivity of the framework and to better align with IRB approaches. Final rules have not yet been agreed.
Operational risk
In March 2016 BCBS proposed a revised Standardised Approach for Operational Risk which is expected to replace the existing approaches with a new standardised measurement approach. Final rules have not yet been agreed.
Leverage
In April 2016 BCBS issued revisions to the Basel III leverage ratio framework which included revisions for derivative exposures, off balance sheet items and the treatment of prudent valuation adjustments and also noted that further clarity was required on general and specific provisions. In August 2016 an EBA report recommended a minimum Pillar 1 leverage of 3% to be applied to all credit institutions in scope for CRD IV requirements by 1 January 2018. The EBA also recommended a potential cap on the use of additional tier 1 capital for globally systematically important institutions and recommended that the inclusion of Tier 2 capital would not be appropriate in the leverage capital measure.
A PRA leverage statement in August 2016 invited firms which are currently subject to the UK leverage ratio framework to apply for a temporary modification to allow firms to exclude from the calculation of the total exposure measure those assets constituting claims on central banks.
99
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
38. Capital Resources (continued)
The Group is subject to the CRR reporting and disclosure requirements and is not currently subject to temporary modifications of the UK leverage ratio framework.
The European Commission's minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL)
MREL requires banks to maintain at all times a sufficient aggregate amount of own funds and eligible liabilities (that may be bailed-in if required). MREL will, on full implementation, be set on a firm-specific basis and calculated as the sum of two components: a loss absorption amount, being the amount needed to absorb losses up to and in resolution; and a recapitalisation amount which reflects the capital that a firm is likely to need post resolution.
MREL is expected to be set annually over the transitional period until 1 January 2022. Prior to 31 December 2019, MREL will be equal to an institution's minimum regulatory capital requirements. From 1 January 2020 until 31 December 2021 an interim requirement will be set, with full compliance applicable on 1 January 2022. The Group is working towards implementation of these requirements and has reflected requirements in its strategic plan.
100
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
39. Related Party Transactions
During the year the Group had the following transactions with related parties:
Transactions involving Directors and other key connected persons
For the purposes of IAS 24, 'Related Party Disclosures', the Group's key Management personnel comprise Directors of the Group. The captions in the Group's primary Financial Statements include the following amounts attributable, in aggregate, to key connected persons of both the Group and Tesco PLC, the Company's ultimate parent undertaking.
Group and Company | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
Loans and advances to customers |
| |
At the beginning of the year | 1.0 | 0.6 |
Loans issued during the year | 0.1 | 0.5 |
Loan repayments during the year | (0.1) | (0.2) |
Loans outstanding at the end of the year | 1.0 | 0.9 |
|
| |
Interest income earned | ‒ | ‒ |
|
| |
Deposits from customers |
| |
Deposits at the beginning of the year | 0.8 | 1.1 |
Deposits received during the year | 1.6 | 0.1 |
Deposits repaid during the year | (0.7) | ‒ |
Deposits at the end of the year | 1.7 | 1.2 |
| ||
Interest expense on deposits | ‒ | ‒ |
No provisions have been recognised in respect of loans and advances to related parties (2016: £nil).
Remuneration of key Management personnel
The amount of remuneration incurred by the Group in relation to the Directors is set out below in aggregate. Further information about the remuneration of Directors is provided in note 10.
Group and Company | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
|
| |
Short-term employee benefits | 5.2 | 5.2 |
Termination benefits | 0.4 | ‒ |
Post employment benefits | ‒ | ‒ |
Other long term benefits | 2.1 | 4.5 |
Share based payments | 1.2 | 1.5 |
Total emoluments | 8.9 | 11.2 |
101
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
39. Related Party Transactions (continued)
Trading transactions
Group | 2017 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 |
| Tesco PLC
| Tesco PLC subsidiaries
| Tesco Underwriting Limited | Tesco PLC
| Tesco PLC subsidiaries
| Tesco Underwriting Limited |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
Interest received and other income | ‒ | 35.6 | 78.5 | ‒ | 43.6 | 1.5 |
Interest paid | ‒ | (4.3) | ‒ | ‒ | (4.5) | ‒ |
Provision of services | ‒ | (73.4) | (1.3) | (0.7) | (115.2) | (2.6) |
Company | 2017 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 |
| Tesco PLC
| Tesco PLC subsidiaries
| Tesco Underwriting Limited | Tesco PLC
| Tesco PLC subsidiaries
| Tesco Underwriting Limited |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
Interest received and other income | ‒ | 35.6 | 78.5 | ‒ | 43.6 | 1.5 |
Interest paid | ‒ | (13.6) | ‒ | ‒ | (14.0) | ‒ |
Provision of services | ‒ | (73.4) | (1.3) | (0.7) | (115.2) | (2.6) |
Balances owing to/from related parties are identified in notes 16, 18, 25, 26, 28, 29, and 30.
For the year ended 28 February 2017 the Group and Company generated 58% (2016: 60%) of its insurance commission from the sale and service of Motor and Home insurance policies underwritten by TU, a joint venture company and therefore a related party. Customer premiums on such sales are collected directly by the Group and the net premium is remitted to TU. Investment transactions with TU are identified in note 20.
Ultimate parent undertaking
The Company's ultimate parent undertaking and controlling party is Tesco PLC which is incorporated in England. The Financial Statements for Tesco PLC can be obtained from its registered office at Tesco House, Shire Park, Kestrel Way, Welwyn Garden City, AL7 1GA.
Immediate parent undertaking
The Company's immediate parent company is Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited which is incorporated in Scotland. Financial Statements for Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited can be obtained from its registered office at Interpoint Building, 22 Haymarket Yards, Edinburgh, EH12 5BH. The smallest group into which the Company is consolidated is Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited and the largest group is Tesco PLC.
102
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
40. Contingent Liabilities and Commitments
Lending commitments
Mortgage offers made are legally binding commitments made by the Group to provide secured funding to customers. Undrawn Mortgage commitments relate to formal offers made to customers during the application process whereby the customer has successfully passed eligibility and affordability checks but has not yet received the funds.
Under an undrawn Credit Card commitment the Group agrees to make funds available to a customer in the future. Undrawn Credit Card commitments, which are usually for a specified term, may be unconditionally cancelled or may persist, providing all facility conditions are satisfied or waived.
Under a Personal Current Account or Clubcard Plus overdraft commitment the Group agrees to make funds available to a customer in the future. Personal Current Account overdraft commitments are usually for a specified term and may be unconditionally cancelled or may persist, providing all facility conditions are satisfied or waived.
Further detail on undrawn lending commitments is included in the liquidity and funding risk disclosure in Note 34.
The contractual amounts do not represent the amounts at risk at the reporting date but the amounts that would be at risk should the available facilities be fully drawn upon.
Capital commitments
At 28 February 2017 the Group and Company had capital commitments related to property, plant and equipment of £3.9m (2016: £0.6m) and intangible assets of £1.2m (2016: £0.3m). This is in respect of IT software development and IT hardware. The Group's Management are confident that future net revenues and funding will be sufficient to cover this commitment.
Operating lease commitments
The future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:
Group and Company | 2017 | 2016 |
| £m | £m |
|
| |
No later than one year | 5.2 | 5.2 |
Later than one year and no later than five years | 20.1 | 23.2 |
Later than five years | 33.0 | 42.1 |
| 58.3 | 70.5 |
103
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
41. Share Based Payments
The Group charge for the year recognised in respect of share based payments is £10.4m (2016: £12.1m), which is made up of share option schemes and share bonus payments. Of this amount, £4.5m (2016: £10.7m) will be equity-settled and £5.9m (2016: £1.4m) cash-settled.
Share option schemes
The Group had three share option schemes in operation during the year, all of which are equity-settled schemes using Tesco PLC shares:
· The Discretionary Share Option Plan (2004) was adopted on 5 July 2004. This scheme permitted the grant of approved, unapproved and international options in respect of ordinary shares to selected executives. Options are normally exercisable between three and ten years from the date of grant at a price not less than the middle-market quotation or average middle-market quotations of an ordinary share for the dealing day or three dealing days preceding the date of grant. The exercise of options will normally be conditional upon the achievement of a specified performance target related to the annual percentage growth in earnings per share over a three-year period. There were no discounted options granted under this scheme.
· The Savings-related Share Option Scheme (1981) permits the grant to colleagues of options in respect of ordinary shares linked to a building society/bank save-as-you-earn contract for a term of three or five years with contributions from colleagues of an amount between £5 and £500 per four-weekly period. Options are capable of being exercised at the end of the three or five-year period at a subscription price of not less than 80% of the average of the middle-market quotations of an ordinary share over the three dealing days immediately preceding the offer date.
· The Performance Share Plan (2011) was adopted on 1 July 2011 and amended on 4 July 2011. This scheme permits the grant of options in respect of ordinary shares to selected executives. Options are normally exercisable between the vesting date(s) set at grant and ten years from the date of grant for nil consideration. The exercise of options will normally be conditional upon the achievement of specified performance targets over a three-year period and/or continuous employment.
104
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
41. Share Based Payments (continued)
The following table reconciles the number of share options outstanding and the weighted average exercise price (WAEP):
| Savings- related share option scheme Options | Savings- related share option scheme WAEP (pence) | Approved share option scheme Options
| Approved share option scheme WAEP (pence) | Unapproved share options scheme Options
| Unapproved share options scheme WAEP (pence)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at 29 February 2016 | 3,584,756 | 159.63 | 210,181 | 341.36 | 237,426 | 353.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted | 539,072 | 190.00 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ |
Forfeited | (579,345) | 172.66 | (26,595) | 338.40 | (15,809) | 338.40 |
Exercised | (22,259) | 150.18 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at 28 February 2017 | 3,522,224 | 162.20 | 183,586 | 341.79 | 221,617 | 354.32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable at 28 February 2017 | 64,114 | 335.50 | 183,586 | 341.79 | 221,617 | 354.32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise price range (pence) | ‒ | 322.00 to 364.00 | ‒ | 338.40 to 427.00 | ‒ | 338.40 to 427.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years) | ‒ | 0.43 | ‒ | 2.64 | ‒ | 2.02 |
Outstanding at 28 February 2015 | 3,317,686 | 171.27 | 245,641 | 340.93 | 281,109 | 350.95 |
Granted | 1,082,533 | 151.00 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ |
Forfeited | (802,850) | 196.26 | (35,460) | 338.40 | (43,683) | 338.40 |
Exercised | (12,613) | 150.00 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ |
Outstanding at 29 February 2016 | 3,584,756 | 159.63 | 210,181 | 341.36 | 237,426 | 353.26 |
Exercisable at 29 February 2016 | 49,961 | 297.58 | 210,181 | 341.36 | 237,426 | 353.26 |
Exercise price range (pence) | - | 228.00 to 386.00 | - | 338.40 to 427.00 | - | 338.40 to 427.00 |
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years) | ‒ | 0.42 | ‒ | 3.64 | ‒ | 3.03 |
105
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
41. Share Based Payments (continued)
Share options were exercised on a regular basis throughout the financial year. The average Tesco PLC share price during the year ended 28 February 2017 was 184.31p (2016: 196.55p).
The fair value of share options is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following table gives the assumptions applied to the options granted in the respective periods shown. No assumption has been made to incorporate the effects of expected early exercise.
Group | 2017 | 2016 |
| Savings - related share options schemes | Savings - related share options schemes |
|
| |
Expected Dividend Yield (%) | 1.4% | 1.3% |
Expected Volatility (%) | 29 - 32% | 25 - 26% |
Risk free interest rate (%) | 0.4 - 0.7% | 0.9 - 1.3% |
Expected life of option (years) | 3 or 5 | 3 or 5 |
Weighted average fair value of options granted (pence) | 52.83 | 52.58 |
Probability of forfeiture (%) | 10 - 11% | 9 - 11% |
Share price (pence) | 211.00 | 188.50 |
Weighted average exercise price (pence) | 190.00 | 151.00 |
Volatility is a measure of the amount by which a price is expected to fluctuate in the period. The measure of volatility used in Tesco PLC's option pricing models is the annualised standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a period of time. In estimating the future volatility of Tesco PLC's share price, the Tesco PLC Board considers the historical volatility of the share price over the most recent period that is generally commensurate with the expected term of the option, taking into account the remaining contractual life of the option.
Share Bonus Schemes
Selected executives participate in the Group Bonus Plan, a performance-related bonus scheme. The amount paid to colleagues is based on a percentage of salary and is paid partly in cash and partly in shares. Bonuses are awarded to selected executives who have completed a required service period and depend on the achievement of corporate and individual performance targets.
Selected executives participate in the Performance Share Plan (2011). Awards made under this plan will normally vest on the vesting date(s) set on the date of the award for nil consideration. Vesting will normally be conditional on the achievement of specified performance targets over a three-year performance period and/or continuous employment.
Eligible UK colleagues are able to participate in Shares In Success, an all-employee profit-sharing scheme. Until May 2015, shares were awarded as a percentage of earnings, up to a statutory maximum permitted under the Share Incentive Plan at the time of the award. Shares awarded through Shares In Success are held in trust on behalf of employees for a period of at least three years.
The fair value of shares awarded under these schemes is their market value on the date of the award. Expected dividends are not incorporated into the fair value.
106
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
41. Share Based Payments (continued)
The number of Tesco PLC shares and weighted average fair value (WAFV) of share bonuses awarded during the year were:
| 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2016 |
| Shares (number) | WAFV (pence) | Shares (number) | WAFV (pence) |
|
|
| ||
Shares in Success | - | - | 510,353 | 221.79 |
|
|
| ||
Group Bonus Plan | 2,407,464 | 159.04 | 2,082,359 | 215.65 |
|
|
| ||
Performance Share Plan | 3,404,300 | 160.15 | 3,138,823 | 216.35 |
107
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
42. Adoption of New and Amended International Financial Reporting Standards
Standards, amendments and interpretations which became effective in the current year
During the year to 28 February 2017, the Group has adopted the following new accounting standards and amendments to standards which became effective with relevant EU endorsement for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2016:
Annual Improvements
The Annual Improvements process covers minor amendments to IFRSs that the IASB considers non-urgent but necessary.
The Annual Improvements 2012-2014 process resulted in several minor changes to standards which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2016. There has been no impact on the Group of the adoption of these amendments.
Amendment to IFRS 11 'Joint arrangements: Acquisition of an interest in a joint operation'
This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2016. It provides new guidance on how to account for the acquisition of an interest in a joint venture. The impact of this amendment on the Group is dependent on any future acquisitions.
Amendments to IAS 16 and IAS 38 'Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets: Clarification of acceptable methods of depreciation and amortisation'
These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2016. They clarify that the use of revenue based methods to calculate depreciation and amortisation of assets is not appropriate. There has been no impact on the Group of the adoption of these amendments.
Amendment to IAS 27 'Equity method in separate financial statements'
This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2016. It allows entities to use the equity method to account for investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates in their separate financial statements. There has been no impact on the Group of the adoption of this amendment.
Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 28 'Investment entities: Applying the consolidation exception'
These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2016. They clarify the accounting for interests in investment entities and application of the investment entity consolidation exemption. There has been no impact on the Group of the adoption of these amendments.
Amendment to IAS 1 'Presentation of financial statements: Disclosure initiative'
This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2016. It clarifies the application of materiality and other requirements for disclosure within the financial statements. There has been no impact on the Group of the adoption of this amendment.
Standards, amendments and interpretations issued but not yet effective
Annual Improvements
The Annual Improvements 2014-2016 process resulted in several minor changes to standards which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2017. These amendments are not expected to impact the Group.
108
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
42. Adoption of New and Amended International Financial Reporting Standards (continued)
Amendments to IFRS 10, and IAS 28 'Consolidated financial statements and associates and joint ventures: Sale or contribution of assets'
These amendments will be effective from a date to be determined by the IASB. They address an inconsistency in current requirements in dealing with the sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture. These amendments are not expected to have any impact based on the current Group structure.
Amendments to IAS 7 'Statement of cash flows: Disclosure initiative'
These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2017, subject to EU endorsement. They extend the disclosures required by IAS 7 about an entity's liquidity and aim to improve disclosures about an entity's debt. These amendments will result in additional disclosures relating to movements in liabilities arising from financing activities for the Group for the year ended 28 February 2018 onwards.
Amendment to IAS 12 'Income taxes: Recognition of deferred tax assets for unrealised losses'
This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2017, subject to EU endorsement. It clarifies the accounting for deferred tax assets for unrealised losses on debt instruments measured at fair value. This amendment is not expected to impact the Group.
Amendments to IFRS 2 'Classification and measurement of share-based payment transactions'
These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018, subject to EU endorsement. They clarify how to account for certain types of share-based payment transactions. These amendments are not expected to impact the Group.
Amendments to IFRS 4 'Applying IFRS 9, 'Financial Instruments', with IFRS 4, 'Insurance Contracts''
These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018, subject to EU endorsement. They permit certain transitional arrangements to insurance entities to address the temporary accounting consequences of the different effective dates of IFRS 9, 'Financial Instruments', and IFRS 4, 'Insurance Contracts'. These amendments are expected to impact the Group's share of profit from its joint venture, TU, which provides the insurance underwriting service for a number of the Group's general insurance products.
IFRS 15 'Revenue from contracts with customers'
IFRS 15 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018, with early adoption permitted.
IFRS 15 introduces a five step approach to revenue recognition and will be applicable to all contracts with customers, with certain exceptions. Both the Group's interest income and fee income integral to financial instruments fall outside the scope of IFRS 15 and will continue to be accounted for in line with the other applicable standards, predominantly IAS 39, 'Financial instruments: Recognition and measurement' (to be replaced by IFRS 9, 'Financial Instruments' (refer below)). All other fees and commissions income falls within the scope of IFRS 15.
Under IFRS 15, the Group will need to recognise revenue when performance obligations are satisfied, to the extent that the Group expects entitlement to consideration. The standard also specifies a comprehensive set of disclosure requirements regarding the nature, extent and timing as well as any uncertainty of revenue and corresponding cash flows with customers.
The Group continues to evaluate the full impact of IFRS 15, but expects that revenue recognition will be largely unchanged on application of the new standard.
109
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
42. Adoption of New and Amended International Financial Reporting Standards (continued)
Amendments to IFRS 15 'Clarifications to IFRS 15, 'Revenue from Contracts with Customers''
These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018, subject to EU endorsement. They clarify how the principles of IFRS 15 should be applied in determining recognition of contract revenue and provide transitional relief on modified and completed contracts for entities implementing the standard.
The Group continues to evaluate the full impact of IFRS 15, including these amendments, but expects that revenue recognition will be largely unchanged on application of the new standard.
IFRS 16 'Leases'
IFRS 16 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019, subject to endorsement by the EU. Early adoption is permitted provided IFRS 15 is applied on the same date.
IFRS 16 removes the distinction between finance and operating leases and instead provides a single lessee accounting model. The Group, as a lessee, will be required to recognise lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets for all applicable leases. The new standard also provides the option not to recognise 'short-term' leases and leases of 'low-value' assets. Where this exemption is taken, such leases will continue to be expensed to the income statement over the term of the lease.
The income statement recognition pattern for the Group's leases will differ from the current pattern for operating leases, with interest on the liabilities and depreciation expense on the right-of-use assets recognised separately. In the cash flow statement, lease payments will be categorised within financing activities rather than operating activities.
IFRS 16 does not significantly change the accounting for leases by lessors.
The Group continues to evaluate the full impact of IFRS 16, but expects to recognise right-of-use assets on its balance sheet at the adoption date in respect of property assets currently accounted for as operating leases. A corresponding lease liability will also be recognised, representing the future payments to be made under these leases, discounted at the rate implicitly defined in the lease or, where no rate is defined in the lease, the Group's weighted average cost of capital. Amounts recognised will be determined by the Group's internal rate of borrowing on the adoption date.
IFRS 9 'Financial instruments'
IFRS 9 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018. It is a replacement for IAS 39 'Financial instruments: Recognition and measurement', excluding the part of IAS 39 related to macro hedge accounting. Macro hedge accounting requirements are out of the scope of IFRS 9 and instead the IASB is developing a separate model. Entities are therefore permitted to continue accounting for macro hedge portfolios in line with IAS 39.
The principle features of IFRS 9 are as follows:
Classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities:
IFRS 9 will require the Group's financial assets to be classified as either held at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or fair value through profit or loss, dependent on the business model and cash flow characteristics of the financial asset. The Group carried out a review of its balance sheet as at 29 February 2016 to assess potential changes due to the introduction of the classification and measurement model prescribed by IFRS 9. While this may not be fully representative of the impact as at 1 March 2018, due to requirements to perform the review based on the facts and circumstances from the date of transition, the Group broadly expects the following classification changes to take place:
· Loans and advances to customers that are classified as loans and receivables under IAS 39 will be measured at amortised cost under IFRS 9; and
· Debt securities classified as available-for-sale will primarily be measured at FVOCI.
No measurement basis changes are anticipated as a result of the adoption of IFRS 9.
110
TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
42. Adoption of New and Amended International Financial Reporting Standards (continued)
Recognition of impairment:
IFRS 9 requires the Group to recognise expected credit losses (ECL) at all times, and to update the amount of ECL recognised at each reporting date to reflect changes in the credit risk of financial instruments. The ECL is measured under a three stage approach:
1. Upon origination of an asset, a loss allowance is established that is equal to the 12-month ECL, being the portion of life-time expected losses resulting from default events that are possible within the next 12 months. Financial assets where 12-month ECL is recognised are considered to be 'stage 1'.
2. Where a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition is identified, a loss allowance equal to the lifetime ECL is established. This is considered to be 'stage 2'.
3. Where there is objective evidence that leads to an asset being considered credit impaired, a full impairment loss equal to the lifetime expected credit loss is established. This is considered to be 'stage 3' and it is not expected to change from IAS 39.
The assessment of credit risk and the estimation of ECL are required to be unbiased, forward looking and probability-weighted, determined by evaluating at the reporting date for each financial asset a range of possible outcomes using reasonable and supportable information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future events and economic conditions. The estimation of ECL also takes into account the time value of money.
Hedging
The IFRS 9 hedge accounting requirements are designed to allow hedge accounting to be more closely aligned with financial risk management. A new IFRS is under development to account for dynamic risk management. As permitted under IFRS 9, the Group will elect to continue to apply the existing hedge accounting requirements of IAS 39 for its portfolio hedge accounting until this new standard is implemented.
The Group has performed a review of its existing hedge relationships and it is expected that:
· Hedge relationships classified as cash flow hedges will transition to IFRS 9; and
· Hedge relationships classified as fair value hedges of the Group's existing AFS portfolio will transition to IFRS 9.
Transition
The classification and measurement and impairment requirements will be applied retrospectively by adjusting the opening balance sheet at the date of initial application, with no requirement to restate comparative periods. Hedge accounting relationships within the scope of IFRS 9 will transition prospectively. The mandatory application date for the standard as a whole will be 1 March 2018.
IFRS 9 implementation program
The Group's IFRS 9 implementation programme (the Programme) was set up in 2015 to prepare for implementation of IFRS 9 and significant preparatory and design work has taken place. The Programme is sponsored by the Chief Risk Officer (CRO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO). A steering committee comprising the CFO and CRO, and Senior Management from Risk, Finance, Data and IT has been established and meets on a monthly basis to review the progress of the Programme. In line with all significant change programmes within the Group, the Programme is managed according to the Group's business change framework. Delivery of the required changes has been undertaken by individual work-streams. The Risk function is leading the work to calculate impairments on the Group's retail financial assets while the Finance function is leading work on classification and measurement, impairment calculations on non-retail financial assets, hedging assessment and the development of financial reporting systems and processes.
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
42. Adoption of New and Amended International Financial Reporting Standards (continued)
To date, the Programme has been focused on preliminary impact analysis, documenting the Group's accounting policy, developing the operating and system target operating models and developing risk modelling methodologies for the calculation of impairment. The Programme's focus has also been on the design and build of impairment models which have been developed throughout the year ending 28 February 2017. The Group intends to perform a parallel run during 2017 to gain a better understanding of the potential effect of the new standard.
The Group intends to quantify the potential impact of IFRS 9 once it is practicable to provide reliable estimates, which will be no later than in the Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 28 February 2018. Until models have been developed and sufficiently tested, the Group will not have a reliable understanding of the potential impact on its Financial Statements and any consequential effects on regulatory capital requirements.
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has issued a Consultative Document (CD) on an interim approach and transitional adjustments for the regulatory treatment of ECL accounting provisions under IFRS 9 and the current ECL model. The CD highlights that accounting provisions under ECL models will be higher than under the current incurred loss models. The document proposes amortisation of the capital impact of increased provisions under ECL models over three to five years from the point of transition. The Group is considering the different approach proposed by the CD as part of its capital planning.
Early Adoption of New Standards
The Group did not early adopt any new or amended standards in the year ended 28 February 2017.
43. Events after the reporting date
During the year, the Group's joint venture, TU, recognised additional insurance reserves following a revision to the Ogden tables, which are used to calculate future losses in personal injury and fatal accident claims. As a result of the recognition of these losses, TU has required a capital injection in order to maintain the required level of regulatory capital.
The Board of Tesco Personal Finance Plc has approved a further injection of £15.5m to TU in exchange for ordinary shares in TU, increasing the Group's investment in TU by an equivalent amount. The joint venture partner has correspondingly approved an increase in its investment in TU's ordinary share capital.
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INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC
We have audited the Financial Statements of Tesco Personal Finance plc for the year ended 28 February 2017, which comprise the Consolidated Income Statement; the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income; the Consolidated and Company Statements of Financial Position; the Consolidated and Company Statements of Changes in Equity; the Consolidated and Company Cash Flow Statements; and the related notes 1 to 43. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and, as regards the Company Financial Statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.
This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
Respective responsibilities of directors and auditor
As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement, the Directors are responsible for the preparation of the Financial Statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on the Financial Statements in accordance with applicable law and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). Those standards require us to comply with the Auditing Practices Board's Ethical Standards for Auditors.
Scope of the audit of the Financial Statements
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the Financial Statements sufficient to give reasonable assurance that the Financial Statements are free from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. This includes an assessment of: whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the Group's and the Company's circumstances and have been consistently applied and adequately disclosed; the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by the Directors; and the overall presentation of the Financial Statements. In addition, we read all the financial and non-financial information in the annual report to identify material inconsistencies with the audited Financial Statements and to identify any information that is apparently materially incorrect based on, or materially inconsistent with, the knowledge acquired by us in the course of performing the audit. If we become aware of any apparent material misstatements or inconsistencies we consider the implications for our report.
Opinion on Financial Statements
In our opinion:
· the Financial Statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group's and of the Company's affairs as at 28 February 2017 and of the Group's profit for the year then ended;
· the Group Financial Statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union;
· the Company Financial Statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and
· the Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and, as regards the Group Financial Statements, Article 4 of the IAS Regulation.
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INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TESCO PERSONAL FINANCE PLC (continued)
Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:
· the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report for the financial year for which the Financial Statements are prepared is consistent with the Financial Statements; and
· the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified any material misstatements in the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report.
Matters on which we are required to report by exception
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
· adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
· the Company Financial Statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
· certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
· we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.
Stephen Williams ACA (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of Deloitte LLP
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor
Edinburgh, United Kingdom
10 April 2017
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