25th Mar 2015 07:00
JOHN LAING GROUP PLC
AUDITED RESULTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014
John Laing Group plc (John Laing or the Company or the Group) announces another year of growth in profits and net asset value.
Financial highlights
· Record year for new investments with £217.2 million1 committed to infrastructure projects
· Realisations of £198.5 million from the sale of investments
· Investment portfolio valuation of £772.0 million, up 13% on 2013
· Group profit before tax of £120.4 million, up 7% on 20132,3
· 23% increase in Net Asset Value (NAV), from £528.0 million at 31 December 2013 to £649.8 million3
· Adjusted NAV per share at 31 December 2014 of 210p (30 September 2014 - 204p, 31 December 2013 - 177p)4
· 28% increase in external Assets under Management to £1,020 million5
Operational highlights
· Successful listing on the London Stock Exchange in February 2015, raising net proceeds of £120 million
· Further international growth with two investment commitments in Australia and one in the US
· Expansion of renewable energy activities, including the Group's first investment in a biomass project
· Both phases of the Manchester Waste project, one of our largest investments, operational from January 2015
· Launch of JLEN in March 2014, a listed fund targeting environmental infrastructure investments
· £100 million special contribution in February 2015 to reduce our pension deficit as part of the IPO process
Olivier Brousse, John Laing's Chief Executive, commented:
"I am pleased to announce strong growth in NAV and an increase in like-for-like profits. Now that we have completed our IPO, we can concentrate on continuing to grow our business, in particular our international investments. Our track record and our forward pipeline continue to provide us with confidence for the future."
Notes:
(1) includes £62.7 million commitment to East West Link project, Melbourne (see page 7)
(2) after adjusting 2013 profit before tax to exclude profit on sale of JLIS of £21.2 million
(3) pro forma results prepared on the basis described on page 22 in the Financial Review section
(4) adjusted for net IPO proceeds of £120 million and number of shares in issue of 366.92 million
(5) based on portfolio values of JLIF at 31 December 2014 and JLEN at 30 September 2014
Summary pro forma financial information
£ million (unless otherwise stated) | Year ended or as at 31 December 2014 | Year ended or as at 31 December 2013 |
Group | ||
Profit before tax | 120.4 | 112.91 |
Pension fund deficit2 | (177.6) | (196.8) |
Net asset value | 649.8 | 528.0 |
Adjusted NAV per share3 | 210p | 177p |
Portfolio | ||
Primary Investment portfolio | 414.3 | 300.7 |
Secondary Investment portfolio | 357.7 | 383.7 |
Total investment portfolio | 772.0 | 684.4 |
Future investment commitments backed by letters of credit and cash collateral | 304.3 | 166.7 |
Gross investment portfolio | 1,076.3 | 851.1 |
New investment committed during the period | 217.24 | 112.4 |
Proceeds from investment realisations | 198.5 | 110.5 |
Cash yield from investments | 24.3 | 29.3 |
PPP investment pipeline | 1,067 | 986 |
Asset Management | ||
Internal Assets under Management5 | 1,010.7 | 811.4 |
External Assets under Management | 1,019.96 | 795.8 |
Total Assets under Management | 2,030.6 | 1,607.2 |
Notes:
(1) after adjusting 2013 profit before tax to exclude profit on sale of JLIS of £21.2 million
(2) before special contribution of £100 million in February 2015 as part of the IPO process
(3) adjusted for net IPO proceeds of £120 million and numbers of shares in issue of 366.92 million
(4) includes £62.7 million commitment to East West Link project, Melbourne (see page 7)
(5) gross investment portfolio less £65.6 million shareholding in JLEN (31 December 2013 - £39.7 million shareholding in JLIF)
(6) based on portfolio values of JLIF at 31 December 2014 and JLEN at 30 September 2014
Basis of preparation - the above financial information has been extracted from the pro forma financial statements of the Company which have been prepared on the basis that the restructuring associated with the Company's Admission to listing in February 2015 had occurred on 1 January 2013 and had been in place throughout the years ended 31 December 2013 and 2014. See Financial Review section on page 22 for further details of the basis of preparation.
A conference call for analysts and investors will be held at 10:00 (London time) today. This briefing will be made on an audio-only basis using the dial-in details below. Participants can also view the presentation slides via the link below. At the end of the call, participants will be able to submit their questions via the operator.
Participant telephone number
UK Toll Number: +44 20 3139 4830
UK Toll-Free Number: 080 8237 0030
Participant Pin Code 48834439#
Participant URL to access the on-line presentation for the UK call:
https://arkadin-event.webex.com/arkadin-event/onstage/g.php?d=708492063&t=a
Event Password 655420
The recording of the call along with the presentation will be available at www.laing.com from 14:00 (London time) today.
Further information
www.laing.com
or
Analyst/investor enquiries:
Olivier Brousse, Chief Executive Officer, John Laing +44 20 7901 3200
Patrick O'D Bourke, Group Finance Director, John Laing +44 20 7901 3200
Media enquiries:
Peter Ogden/James Isola, Maitland +44 20 7379 5151
Notes to the results announcement
(1) The Company's ordinary shares were admitted to listing on the FCA's official list and to trading on the London Stock Exchange's main market for listed securities on 17 February 2015 (Admission). Accordingly, the Company was not subject to the Listing Rules or the Disclosure and Transparency Rules for the period under review, and the first set of annual results that will need to comply with those rules will be those for the financial year ending 31 December 2015. Therefore, whilst the information provided in this announcement is intended to be helpful to the Company's shareholders, it does not provide the same level of information that would be required if the Company had been admitted to listing and trading during the period under review.
(2) The accounts for the year ended 31 December 2014, comprising statutory financial information on a Company-only basis and pro forma financial information, have not yet been delivered to the Registrar of Companies. The statutory accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013 have been delivered to the Registrar of Companies. The auditor's reports on the accounts for these years are unqualified and do not contain any matters to which the auditor draws attention by way of emphasis or any statements under section 498 (2) or (3) of the Companies Act 2006. This announcement does not constitute statutory financial statements.
(3) Copies of the 2014 Annual Report and Accounts will be distributed to shareholders on or soon after 9 April 2015.
(4) This announcement may contain forward looking statements. It has been made by the Directors in good faith based on the information available to them up to the time of their approval of this announcement and should be treated with caution due to the inherent uncertainties, including both economic and business risk factors, underlying such forward looking information.
CHAIRMAN'S STATEMENT
I am pleased to report John Laing Group plc's first set of results following our recent listing. Our successful IPO in February marks a new chapter in the Group's development. Founded more than 150 years ago, we were previously listed from the 1950s until early 2007 and are now delighted to welcome our new shareholders as we return to the London stock market.
John Laing Group plc is the listed entity and the holding company for John Laing Limited (formerly John Laing plc) the entity which we previously reported. We therefore have a new board at the John Laing Group plc level. This includes certain members of the previous John Laing plc board, as well as three new independent non-executive directors, each with significant and relevant experience.
The business delivered a strong performance in 2014, notwithstanding the significant time and effort involved in the IPO. Over the year we made further progress in each of our three areas of activity: Primary Investment; Secondary Investment; and Asset Management.
· Our investment commitments in the year grew to £217.2 million
· Our NAV grew to £649.8 million at 31 December 2014; an increase of 23% from 31 December 2013 and ahead of NAV at 30 September 2014
· Our total Assets under Management (AuM) stood at just over £2.0 billion, an increase of 26%, and
· Our profit before tax increased to £120.4 million.
Major projects to which we committed capital included the Intercity Express Programme (Phase 2), a project to provide new rail rolling stock for the UK's East Coast mainline; I-4 Ultimate, a road enhancement project in Florida; and New Perth Stadium, a new sports stadium in Western Australia.
We successfully extended our business model a number of years ago from our original public private partnership (PPP) market in the UK to other geographies and more recently to the renewable energy sector. In each of our principal markets of Asia Pacific, North America and Europe, we see continuing strong demand for new privately-financed infrastructure projects. In particular, recognising the growing opportunity from increasing adoption of the PPP procurement model by individual US states, we opened an office in New York during the year. We continue to monitor other geographies and other sectors adjacent to PPP, where we believe John Laing can leverage its intellectual capital and integrated business model.
In March 2014, following the success of John Laing Infrastructure Fund (JLIF), we launched our second fund, John Laing Environmental Assets Group (JLEN). With the proceeds from its flotation, JLEN acquired a seed portfolio of six renewable energy and waste assets from John Laing and a wastewater treatment asset from a fund managed by Henderson Equity Partners. The Group subscribed for 39.7% of JLEN's shares and realised £97.8 million in proceeds from the sale of the six investments. The launch of a second listed fund bearing the John Laing name was a major step forward for the Group and is consistent with our stated desire to expand our third party asset management activities.
As part of our IPO process, in February 2015 we contributed £100 million to the John Laing Pension Fund (JLPF) satisfied by a 29.9% shareholding in JLEN, a 47% shareholding in the City Greenwich Lewisham (DLR) project and the proceeds from the sale of our Croydon BWH investment.
At the same time, we entered into a new five-year £350 million corporate banking facility. This facility provides us with a stable financing platform for future growth. We are continuing to finance future investments through a combination of cash flow from existing assets, the corporate banking facility and disposals of investments in operational projects. During the second half of 2014, we agreed to sell five investments to JLIF, our first listed fund which was established in 2010.
Our external AuM increased to £1,020 million at 31 December 2014 from £796 million at 31 December 2013, resulting in increased recurring income for our Asset Management division. We expect further growth in external AuM to come from growth in the portfolio values of JLIF and JLEN.
Olivier Brousse joined as Chief Executive in March 2014 and has settled in quickly. As part of the IPO, our Board was restructured; it now comprises a non-executive Chairman, two executive directors, four independent non-executive directors, and two non-executive directors representing the Henderson Funds' position as a major shareholder in the Company. Since our IPO, we have been fully compliant with the Corporate Governance Code (the Code) with regard to Board composition. I am particularly pleased to welcome David Rough, Jeremy Beeton and Anne Wade as new independent non-executive directors to the Group. Each has strong relevant experience and I am confident they will make a positive contribution to the Group.
Our executive team comprises Olivier Brousse as Chief Executive and Patrick O'D Bourke as Group Finance Director, Derek Potts and Chris Waples who continue to manage the Primary Investment and Asset Management divisions respectively, together with Carolyn Cattermole as Group General Counsel and Company Secretary.
I am confident that we have the right blend of skills and experience at both executive and non-executive level to continue to take the Group forward. Once again, I would like to thank all our staff for their continued dedication and commitment; the successful IPO and the performance of the business in 2014 would not have been possible without them.
As set out in the IPO prospectus, the Board expects to pay a base dividend of £20 million for the financial year ending 31 December 2015, pro rata based on the period since listing. Accordingly, we expect to propose our first dividend in August 2015 when we announce our interim results for the six months to 30 June 2015.
The financial year, 2014, has again demonstrated the strength and flexibility of our business model. The Company is in a good position to maintain investment discipline and continue to invest selectively and profitably in the years to come.
Phil Nolan
Chairman
STRATEGIC REPORT
CHIEF EXECUTIVE'S REVIEW
This is my first review as Chief Executive and I am pleased to report a profitable performance by the Group. The highlights included:
· Record year for new investments with £217.2 million committed to new infrastructure projects
· Realisations of £198.5 million from the sale of investments
· Investment portfolio valuation of £772.0 million, up 13% on 2013
· Group pro forma profit before tax of £120.4 million, up 7% on 2013 (excluding profit on sale of JLIS in 2013 of £21.2 million)
· 23% increase in NAV, from £528.0 million to £649.8 million
· Adjusted NAV per share at 31 December 2014 of 210p
· 28% increase in external Assets under Management (AuM) to £1,020 million
· Further international growth with two investment commitments in Australia and one in the US
· Expansion of renewable energy activities with the Group's first investment in a biomass project
· Both phases of the Manchester Waste project, one of our largest investments, now operational from January 2015
· Successful launch of our second listed fund, JLEN, which targets environmental infrastructure investments
· £100 million special contribution in February 2015 to reduce our pension deficit as part of the IPO process.
As well as delivering a strong performance, much of our focus during the year has been on preparing for the IPO of the Group. The culmination of this was that, in February 2015, John Laing successfully returned to being listed on the London Stock Exchange. Our listing marks a significant step for the Group and we look forward to meeting the demands of our new shareholder base.
As part of the listing process, the Company issued new shares raising approximately £120 million (net of one-off listing costs). These new funds will allow us to take advantage of the future opportunities in our pipeline, while maintaining our funding model of recycling proceeds of realisations into primary investments.
Objectives and outcomes
Our strategy is to create value for shareholders through originating, investing in and managing infrastructure assets internationally. To achieve this, we have set ourselves the following core strategic objectives:
· growth in primary investment volumes (new capital committed to greenfield PPP and renewable energy infrastructure) over the medium term;
· growth in the value of the Group's investment portfolio; and
· growth in the value of external AuM and related fee income;
while keeping to the discipline and analysis required to mitigate against the potential delivery, revenue and operational risks associated with major infrastructure projects. The projects we invest in are held within special purpose vehicles (SPVs) and structured so that providers of third party debt finance have no contractual recourse to John Laing beyond our equity commitment to those projects.
Growth in primary investment volumes over the medium term
As outlined at the time of our IPO, our strategy for growing the volume of capital committed to PPP infrastructure projects is based on the concentration of our resources on countries or geographic regions carefully selected against four key criteria:
· a political commitment to the development of infrastructure through the PPP procurement model;
· a stable political and legal framework;
· the ability to form relationships with strong supply chain partners; and
· the likelihood of target financial returns, on a risk-adjusted basis, being realised.
In the renewable energy sector, we focus on entering new markets which support our objective of establishing a balanced portfolio of assets with diversified exposure to different power markets, geographic locations (with respect to wind and solar resource levels) and governmental support mechanisms.
This core strategy has helped us to achieve new investment commitments of £217.2 million during 2014. This represents a substantial increase on 2013's investment commitments of £112.4 million, and included the following projects:
· Intercity Express Programme (Phase 2) (UK) - £72.7 million
· New Perth Stadium (Western Australia) - £28.6 million
· I-4 Ultimate road project (Florida, US) - £18.3 million
· Speyside Biomass plant (UK) - £13.3 million
· East West Link road and tunnel project (Melbourne, Australia) - £62.7 million
Following financial close of the East West Link project in October 2014, a change of government took place in the State of Victoria. The incoming Labor government gave notice in December 2014 to the East West Connect consortium, in which the Group has a shareholding, that it was suspending the project. While the outcome of current discussions with the State of Victoria is difficult to anticipate, John Laing is acting on the basis that the consortium is entitled to compensation in accordance with the project agreement if the State of Victoria exercises its right to terminate for convenience. The process that the government will follow during the suspension is not currently known and it may be some months before a conclusion is reached. At that stage, we expect to recover our investment commitment to this project, which is made up of cash collateral and a letter of credit. We are not ascribing any value to this project in our portfolio valuation at 31 December 2014.
Growth in portfolio valuation
In line with our business model, we aim to secure new investments at attractive risk-adjusted base case returns and to enhance these returns through active asset management.
We employ sophisticated financial analysis and investment appraisal techniques in assessing each new investment opportunity. The Group considers the specific risk profiles for each prospective investment with the aim of optimising risk adjusted returns and securing new investments that are likely to best meet the investment appetites of secondary market investors.
As at 31 December 2014, our portfolio of infrastructure investments comprised 40 projects, excluding our shareholding in JLEN (31 December 2013 - 45 projects). Our year-end portfolio value, including the shareholding in JLEN, was £772.0 million (30 September 2014 - £780.5 million, 31 December 2013 - £684.4 million). The reduction from 30 September 2014 was primarily due to investment realisations in the fourth quarter of 2014 offset by growth in the retained portfolio.
The portfolio valuation represents the Directors' assessment of the fair value of investments in projects on the basis that each asset is held to maturity, other than shares in JLEN which are held at market value. The 2014 year end valuation reflected growth of 26% after adjusting for acquisitions, realisations, cash invested and cash yield. This growth is explained further in the Portfolio Valuation section.
The cash yield in 2014 was £24.3 million (2013 - £29.3 million), a yield of 6.6% (2013 - 7.9%) on the average Secondary Investment portfolio. This represents cash receipts in the form of dividends, interest and shareholder loan repayments from project companies and listed investments with the lower yield in 2014 attributable to the effect of investments sold in 2013 and 2014.
Growth in external AuM and related fee income
Our strategy to grow the value of our external AuM is linked to our asset management activities as an investment adviser to JLIF and JLEN. Both JLIF and JLEN have a right of first offer over certain portfolio investments when they are offered for sale by the Group. The Group not only advises and provides management services to the portfolios of JLIF and JLEN, but also sources new investments for both funds.
We made good progress during the year, with the value of external AuM growing from £796 million to £1,020 million, an increase of 28%. Much of this growth was attributable to the launch of JLEN in March 2014. Fee income from external AuM was £10.3 million for 2014, up from £8.2 million in 2013.
Business model
Our business, which integrates origination, investment and asset management capabilities, is organised across three key areas of activity:
· Primary Investment: our activities involve sourcing and originating, bidding for and winning greenfield infrastructure projects, typically as part of a consortium in the case of PPP projects. Our Primary Investment portfolio comprises interests in PPP and renewable energy projects which recently reached financial close, and/or are in the construction phase.
· Secondary Investment: our activities involve ownership of a substantial portfolio of operational PPP and renewable energy projects, almost all of which were previously part of our Primary Investment portfolio.
· Asset Management: we actively manage our own Primary and Secondary Investment portfolios and provide investment advice and asset management services to JLIF and JLEN through our FCA-regulated subsidiary, JLCM, as well as in respect of a small number of PPP assets held by JLPF.
Our business model is based on our investment origination and asset management capabilities and the current strong demand in secondary markets for operational PPP and renewable energy assets.
We initially create value by originating and investing in new greenfield infrastructure investments which, post-construction, aim to produce long-term predictable cash flows that meet our rate of return targets. Once operational, these investments can be held in our Secondary Investment portfolio or sold to secondary market investors targeting a lower rate of return, crystallising an uplift in value for the Group and releasing capital to recycle into primary investment opportunities.
Our asset management activities create additional value through the enhancement of project cash flows, and the management and reduction of project risks (especially, construction risk). We focus on ensuring that subcontractors meet their contractual obligations, in particular with regard to the financial consequences of the risks allocated to them. In addition, we aim to create additional value by identifying and implementing value enhancement initiatives that can increase future cash flows to investors compared to those forecast at project financial close. Opportunities for such value enhancements may arise at any time during a project's life and may vary significantly from investment to investment.
Staff
Our staff numbers grew in 2014 from 215 at the end of 2013 to 242 at 31 December 2014. This increase principally reflects staffing to support Management Services Agreements (MSAs) on new investments in both Australia and the US, as well as a larger Asia Pacific Primary Investment team and the re-establishment of an office in New York. Our business is increasingly international, with the percentage of staff located outside the UK now at 18%.
Since I joined John Laing, I have been impressed by the quality and positive attitude of our staff, both in the UK and in our overseas offices, each of which I visited in my first few months. This bodes well for the future of our business, which ultimately depends on its people. I would like to thank all our staff for their contribution both to the Company's successful IPO and to our 2014 results.
Current trading and outlook
Our balance sheet is underpinned by our investment portfolio, which is making good progress. Our investments in the two Manchester Waste projects have moved from the Primary to the Secondary Investment portfolio in the first quarter of 2015. In addition, a number of other large projects are in the last year or two of construction which is positive for future growth.
Our PPP pipeline at 31 December 2014 of £1,067 million looks out over the next three years and includes opportunities of c£400m for each of 2015 and 2016. We will continue to be selective and invest only in those projects that have the right characteristics, and will also look to maintain an appropriate balance between PPP and renewable energy investments.
We are working to achieve a 2015 budget target of £150 - £200 million for new investment commitments, ahead of our average of c£135 million per annum over the last four years. We have made a good start with the financial close in February of the Sydney Light Rail project, to which we have committed £41 million.
For the balance of our target for 2015, we are currently pursuing a number of specific PPP opportunities in the US, Australia and Continental Europe, most of which are scheduled to reach financial close in the second half of 2015; we will provide an update on their status at the interim stage. In renewable energy, we expect to convert some of our exclusive opportunities over the next few months. We are also well placed to take advantage of some possible late entry opportunities we are seeing in both PPP and renewable energy.
As well as maintaining the constant search for value enhancement opportunities in our portfolio, we are working on realisations of investments, with a budget target of c£100 million in 2015, and are encouraged by current positive signs in the pricing of secondary transactions. Our track record and our forward pipeline provide us with confidence for the future.
Olivier Brousse
Chief Executive
PRIMARY INVESTMENT
Our Primary Investment activities are focused on infrastructure projects awarded under PPP programmes and on renewable energy generation assets.
Highlights
During 2014, the Primary Investment team successfully secured and closed seven new investments, consisting of total commitments of £208.3 million, together with additional commitments of £8.9 million in relation to existing investments.
· The Asia Pacific region delivered excellent results - two new PPP investments were won and closed during the year (the New Perth Stadium in Western Australia and the East West Link road project in Melbourne), and a third investment reached financial close in February 2015 - the Sydney Light Rail project in New South Wales.
· North America - we re-established an office in New York and strengthened our team as we prepare to engage more strongly in this large and growing PPP market. During the year, our consortium won and closed the I-4 Ultimate road enhancement project in Florida.
· In the UK, we reached financial close on IEP (Phase 2), a rail rolling stock project with total financing in excess of £2.0 billion.
· In the renewable energy sector, we further developed our presence, closing two wind farm investments, and investigating new opportunities in other EU markets with strong pipelines under-pinned by feed-in-tariff governmental support mechanisms.
· We also secured and closed the Group's first investment in a stand-alone biomass project. Once operational, the plant will supply an adjacent whisky distillery at Speyside in Scotland and export surplus power to the grid.
The Primary Investment portfolio comprises the Group's shareholdings in 17 PPP projects, as well as in four renewable energy projects, which have recently reached financial close and/or are in the construction phase. The Group's Primary Investment portfolio was valued at £414.3 million at 31 December 2014 (31 December 2013 - £300.7 million).
Asset management services in respect of the Primary Investment portfolio are provided by John Laing's Asset Management division. When underlying projects reach the end of construction, the investments transfer into our Secondary Investment portfolio.
Activities
The Primary Investment team is responsible for all the Group's bid development activities both in the UK and internationally. The team takes responsibility for developing and managing a pipeline of opportunities, including market research, project selection, bid co-ordination and finalisation of negotiations with public sector authorities or with vendors and the supply chain through to financial close. Activities are focused on Europe, North America and Asia Pacific. John Laing works with strong delivery partners in each market. For instance, in the Asia Pacific region, the Group is currently working with leading contractors and service providers including Acciona, Bombardier, Bouygues, Laing O'Rourke, Leighton, Lend Lease, Serco and Spotless. This approach is replicated in each region.
We target a wide range of infrastructure sectors:
· Social infrastructure - healthcare, education, public sector accommodation and social housing;
· Transport - roads, street lighting, highways maintenance and rail, including rolling stock; and
· Environmental - waste management and renewable energy, including biomass.
In the PPP sector, we strengthened our international reach during the year, and deepened our engagement in the most active markets. This was particularly the case in Australia, where three new investment opportunities were secured, two of which reached financial close. In North America, we re-established an office in New York and our consortium won the I-4 Ultimate road project in Florida. In the UK, we closed the second phase of the IEP rail rolling stock project during the year, although social infrastructure programmes remained at low levels. In Continental Europe, John Laing's bidding activities steadily increased, although public expenditure constraints in certain markets moderated the pace of deal flow.
In the renewable energy sector, we financially closed two further wind farm investments during the year, as well as the Group's first investment in a biomass project in the UK. Renewable energy offers a valuable complement to governmental PPP procurement. We target investments where a substantial proportion of revenue is covered by governmental support mechanisms. During the year, we investigated new opportunities in other EU markets with strong pipelines supported by feed-in-tariffs, and these will be a key focus during 2015. At the end of the year, projects under our ownership had a combined peak power capacity of 128 MW, comprising onshore wind farms of 113 MW and solar farms of 15 MW. In the second half of 2014, European power price expectations for the short to medium term decreased and, where applicable, the impact of these on our investments has been reflected in our portfolio valuation as at 31 December 2014.
Project finance
Project finance markets continued to improve during 2014, with more banks participating in long term facilities. Pricing also improved, and we were able to secure financing for projects where required. In the UK, this was further supported by the new UK Government Treasury Guarantee Scheme, under which project finance was secured for our Speyside biomass investment. New institutional sources of long-term project finance continued to be available in Europe. In Australia and New Zealand, medium-term bank debt and refinancing requirements are well established. In Canada and the US, projects tend to be financed in the debt capital markets rather than with bank financing. Overall, financial markets in the regions in which the Group is active have continued to support our growing levels of investment.
Pipeline
PPP
PPP pipeline at 31 December 2014 | Number of projects | Estimated equity investment |
£ million | ||
Preferred bidder | 2 | 49 |
Shortlisted | 3 | 74 |
Pre-qualification stage | 4 | 84 |
Pipeline | 43 | 860 |
Total | 52 | 1,067 |
Our PPP investment pipeline comprises opportunities to invest equity in projects with the potential to reach financial close over the next three years while the renewable energy pipeline (explained further below) relates to the next two years. Both PPP and renewable energy pipelines are constantly evolving as new opportunities are added and other opportunities drop out. We budget a win rate of 30% and our 2015 budget target for new investment commitments is £150 - £200 million, ahead of our average of c£135 million per annum over the last four years.
At 31 December 2014, our overall PPP pipeline of £1,067 million was at similar levels to the pipeline of £1,089 million at 30 September 2014 as set out in the IPO prospectus. Since the year end, the Sydney Light Rail project, which was at the preferred bidder stage at 31 December 2014, has reached financial close.
PPP - Overseas
The Group's main growth potential in both the medium and long-term continues to be in international markets. In some economies, levels of public sector investment are moderated due to government spending constraints, but for John Laing, this is mitigated by the international spread of markets in which we operate.
Asia Pacific offers substantial opportunities and the Group's current bidding activities are focused on Australia and New Zealand, which continue to offer a strong pipeline and where the Group has a strong base.
In North America, our focus has shifted from Canada more to the US, where the Group is engaged in what is increasingly becoming a very substantial PPP market.
In Continental Europe, activity remains at a consistent level in selected countries such as the Netherlands and Belgium.
In addition to the above, the Group continues to monitor potential new markets, whilst maintaining tight control over costs. Markets which offer potential in the medium to long term include South America, for instance Chile, and other markets in Europe, such as Slovakia and Turkey.
PPP - United Kingdom
The UK market for PPP in 2015 includes potential opportunities in the rail sector (specifically rail rolling stock), and a pipeline for transportation and social infrastructure projects in Scotland. However, other PPP procurement in the UK, particularly new social infrastructure, remains at modest levels.
Renewable Energy
The renewable energy pipeline includes a number of wind and solar projects in the UK and other European countries as well as potential investment opportunities in biomass plant. Our renewable energy pipeline was £264 million at 31 December 2014, consistent with £275 million at 30 September 2014, split 46% UK and Ireland and 54% rest of Europe.
Derek Potts
Managing Director, Primary Investment
SECONDARY INVESTMENT
At 31 December 2014, the Secondary Investment portfolio comprised 14 PPP projects and five Renewable Energy projects with a book value of £292.1 million (31 December 2013 - £344.0 million). The Secondary Investment portfolio also included a 39.7% shareholding in JLEN: this was valued at £65.6 million at 31 December 2014 (31 December 2013 - JLIF shareholding valued at £39.7 million). In February 2015, most of the shareholding (29.9%) in JLEN was transferred to JLPF as part of the IPO process, leaving the Group owning 9.8% of JLEN.
Asset management services in respect of the Secondary Investment portfolio are provided by John Laing's Asset Management division.
The majority of our secondary investments were originated as Primary Investments of John Laing. However, during 2014, a further 12% stake in the City Greenwich Lewisham (DLR) project was acquired, taking our shareholding to 52%. In February 2015, a 47% stake in this project was transferred to JLPF as part of the IPO process.
Investment realisations
During the year, we realised total proceeds of £198.5 million from disposals of investments:
· As part of JLEN's launch in March 2014, John Laing sold its investments in six waste and renewable energy projects to the fund: East London Waste, Dumfries and Galloway Waste, Amber Solar Parks, Bilsthorpe Wind Farm, Hall Farm Wind Farm and WALLP Wind Farms for proceeds of £97.8 million.
· Also in March 2014, we sold our remaining shareholding in JLIF for net proceeds of £38.9 million.
· During the second half of the year, we sold our investments in four projects - Kirklees Social Housing, Groningen Tax Office, Surrey Street Lighting (sold shortly before the end of construction) and Metropolitan Police SEL - to JLIF for total proceeds of £37.1 million. Money multiples on these disposals were above our historic average of 2.0 times.
· We realised our interest in the Croydon BWH project for £20.1 million after Croydon Council exercised its option to acquire the property.
· We sold down at a premium our shareholding in the New Perth Stadium project, a Primary Investment, from 100% to 50%.
· Our investment in the Kinnegar waste water project was also sold.
Our budget target for realisations in 2015 is c£100 million.
Transfers from the Primary Investment portfolio
During 2014, five investments became part of the Secondary Investment portfolio, transferring at their fair value:
· Kirklees Social Housing, UK - this project, which comprised the construction of new homes on 27 sites to provide affordable homes in Kirklees, was completed on schedule.
· Four wind farms became operational:
- Svartvallsberget, Sweden - 20.0 MW commissioned in June 2014, John Laing's first wind farm outside the UK
- Carscreugh, Dumfries and Galloway, UK - 15.3 MW commissioned in May 2014
- Wear Point, Milford Haven, UK - 8.2 MW commissioned in June 2014
- Burton Wold, Kettering, UK - 14.4 MW commissioned in July 2014.
ASSET MANAGEMENT
The Asset Management division's activities comprise Investment Management Services and Project Management Services.
Investment Management Services
Investment Management Services (IMS) are provided to both JLIF and JLEN and also to our internal investment portfolio.
External IMS
John Laing Capital Management (JLCM) provides advisory services to JLIF and JLEN under investment advisory agreements. As at 31 December 2014, JLIF had a portfolio value of £865 million and JLEN had a portfolio value of £155 million at 30 September 2014. JLCM has two separate dedicated fund management teams whose senior staff are authorised and regulated by the FCA. The teams focus their advice primarily on sourcing new investments for and capital raisings by the two funds. They operate behind information barriers in view of the market sensitive nature of their activities and to ensure the separation of "buyside" and "sellside" teams when John Laing is selling investments to either fund. Both funds are separate entities from the Group, each maintaining a fully independent board of directors.
At 31 December 2014, the Group also managed two PPP investments valued at £7.0 million held by JLPF. Since February 2015, the Group is also managing the 47% shareholding in the City Greenwich Lewisham (DLR) project transferred to JLPF as part of the IPO process.
JLIF was launched in November 2010 and had a market capitalisation at 31 December 2014 of £997 million. It focuses predominantly on operational, availability-based PPP projects. JLEN was launched in March 2014 and had a market capitalisation at 31 December 2014 of £165 million. It focuses on environmental infrastructure projects. The investment strategies of the two funds are differentiated from each other and from that of John Laing.
Fee income from external IMS grew from £8.2 million in 2013 to £10.3 million in 2014.
Internal IMS
John Laing actively manages its own Primary and Secondary Investment portfolios. Our strategies are designed to deliver the base case investment returns as a minimum and enhance those returns through active asset management. There are two main strategies, value protection and value enhancement:
Value protection - examples
· To target PPP projects which have revenue streams based on availability of the underlying infrastructure asset rather than revenues based on patronage or volume.
· To ensure construction risks associated with design, workmanship, cost overruns and delays lie with our construction supply chain partners who are best able to manage them.
· To ensure operational performance and cost risks lie principally with our service supply chain partners.
· To eliminate the risk of increased interest costs over the life of an infrastructure project by swapping from variable interest rates to fixed interest rates on third party debt finance.
· To structure projects so that there is a positive correlation between investment returns and inflation rates.
· To reduce the impact of short-term volatility on revenues in our renewable energy projects by entering into short or medium term power purchase agreements with electricity suppliers.
Value enhancement - examples
· To optimise SPV management costs and project insurance premiums through bulk purchasing or efficiency gains, thereby increasing investor returns.
· To optimise major maintenance and asset renewal costs over the life of an infrastructure project and thereby increase investor returns.
· To maximise working capital efficiency within SPVs.
· To respond to clients' needs for changes over the life of PPP infrastructure projects and, where possible, generate incremental revenues therefrom.
· To ensure projects are efficiently financed over their concessions or useful lives.
Project Management Services
The Group also provides project management services (PMS), largely of an administrative or financial nature to project companies in which John Laing, JLIF or JLEN are investors. These services are provided under Management Services Agreements (MSAs). As at 31 December 2014, there were 71 MSAs comprising 33 MSAs with projects in which John Laing invests, 31 MSAs with projects in which JLIF invests, 6 MSAs with projects in which JLEN invests and one MSA with a project invested in by another party. PMS revenue also includes non-contractual income earned from project companies and occasional development management fees from property-related investments.
Revenues from PMS in 2014 were £14.6 million (2013 - £15.5 million), delivered by some 134 staff across North America, the UK, Continental Europe and Australia. Revenues were lower than in 2014 because of lower development management fees.
The aim is to provide profitable MSA services following divestment of investments in projects; our experience is that stakeholders benefit from the continuity of staff, retained project knowledge and active asset management.
Investments in projects under construction
An update on significant projects under construction is set out below:
Intercity Express Programme (IEP)- John Laing is in partnership with Hitachi to manage the contracts that cover the finance, design, manufacture, delivery into daily service and maintenance over 26 years of a fleet of 122 Super Express trains for the UK's Great Western Main Line (Phase 1 - 24% interest) and the East Coast Main Line (Phase 2 - 30% interest). With a total capital expenditure value across the two phases of £3.4bn, it is one of the largest PPP projects to be awarded.
The first train arrived in the UK on 12 March 2015 for reliability testing on the UK rail network. The initial trains are being manufactured in Japan, prior to transfer of manufacturing to the UK. Construction of train maintenance depots is well advanced and ahead of programme.
Manchester Waste, UK - after certain construction delays and a prolonged commissioning phase, significant progress was made in 2014 on both projects - Manchester Waste VLCo (50% interest) and Manchester Waste TPSCo (37.43% interest). At the former, all 42 sites are now operational, following the successful take-over of the last Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) plant in November 2014. Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) produced at the VLCo MBT plants is now being transported by rail to the TPSCo thermal power station at Runcorn in Cheshire which produces both heat and power. In January 2015, TPSCo also moved into the operational phase having successfully passed its commissioning phase with the final completion certificate issued. The additional cost and associated time delays to complete both VLCo and TPSCo have been funded by liquidated damages from the principal contractors which limited the impact on the value of our investment.
New Royal Adelaide Hospital (NRAH), Australia - at A$1.85 billion, this project is currently one of the largest construction projects in Australia. Containing 700 single bedrooms and 100 same-day beds, NRAH will have the capacity to admit over 80,000 patients per year. Construction is due to be complete in 2016. Time lost due to ground contamination has not been fully recovered by the building contractor to date. Financing costs which may ultimately result from delays are being funded by contractors' liquidated damages. Any delays in receipt of yields from our investment are currently offset by additional interest income on cash balances.
Denver Eagle P3, US - this project is to design, build, finance, maintain and operate two new commuter rail lines and a portion of a third in the Denver metropolitan area. Four train cars per month are scheduled to be delivered over the coming months, with the first four having arrived in December 2014. The operations and maintenance contractor is gearing up its workforce ahead of the training, testing and commissioning phases. The building contractor has identified some structuring issues and has proposed solutions which the project company is considering. Final completion is expected in mid 2017.
Dungavel wind farm, UK - while this 26MW project has encountered some delays in site preparation, we expect it to become fully operational by January 2016.
Auckland South Corrections Facility, New Zealand - the works completion certificate for this 960-place corrections facility was issued in January 2015 and the expected service commencement date is May 2015.
Street lighting projects, UK - the Surrey Street Lighting project, involving the replacement of 88,000 orange street lights, was sold to JLIF in December 2014 shortly before the end of its construction. The Croydon and Lewisham Street Lighting project is behind schedule due to technical constraints arising from electrical connection to particular cable types and the programming of electrical shutdowns to streets.
A15 Road, Netherlands - construction is more than 90% complete and the vast majority of the road is operational. The project involved the construction of the Botlek bridge (a lifting bridge designed for vehicles and trains). Although the bridge infrastructure has been installed, there are a number of variations requested by the public sector authority that will defer completion until mid 2016.
On each project that John Laing invests in, the Asset Management division monitors closely the construction stage and provides active input where necessary to help ensure deadlines are met. Despite this, since the projects that we invest in are principally large, sophisticated infrastructure projects, delays can occur. As described above, some delays are occurring on a number of investments in the Primary Investment portfolio for a variety of reasons. When delays are caused by contractors, liquidated damages are typically payable and provide significant protection to our equity. For certain events, the project company may be able to claim compensation from the relevant public sector authority. In all instances, when we prepare our portfolio valuation, we factor any construction delays into the assumptions we make.
Chris Waples
Managing Director, Asset Management
PORTFOLIO VALUATION
The portfolio valuation increased to £772.0million at 31 December 2014 from £684.4 million at 31 December 2013. This represented a movement in fair value of £158.6 million (25.9%) after adjusting for cash invested, cash yield and realisations.
Of the 25.9% increase in fair value, approximately 8.6% represented the increase that would be expected as a result of the unwinding of discount rates, i.e. future cash flows drawing one year closer, with the remainder reflecting the positive effect of new investments being closed, reductions in construction risk premia, underlying project performance and other value enhancements, offset by adverse exchange rate movements. Growth in the value of the Group's listed investments was £3.2 million after adjusting for cash yield, purchases and disposals.
Investments in projects | Listed investments | Total | |
£ million | £ million | £ million | |
Portfolio valuation at 1 January 2014 | 644.7 | 39.7 | 684.4 |
- Cash invested | 88.3 | 63.5 | 151.8 |
- Cash yield | (22.4) | (1.9) | (24.3) |
- Proceeds of investment realisation | (159.6) | (38.9) | (198.5) |
Rebased valuation | 551.0 | 62.4 | 613.4 |
- Movement in fair value | 155.4 | 3.2 | 158.6 |
Portfolio valuation at 31 December 2014 | 706.4 | 65.6 | 772.0 |
The Primary Investment portfolio includes investments in PPP and renewable energy assets in the construction phase. Secondary investments comprise investments in operational PPP and renewable energy assets. The listed investment in JLEN (2013 - in JLIF) is included within the Secondary Investment portfolio.
The split between primary and secondary investments is shown in the table below:
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |||
£ million | % | £ million | % | |
Primary Investment | 414.3 | 53.7 | 300.7 | 43.9 |
Secondary Investment | 357.7 | 46.3 | 383.7 | 56.1 |
Portfolio valuation | 772.0 | 100.0 | 684.4 | 100.0 |
The increase in the Primary Investment portfolio is principally due to a movement in fair value of £120.1 million, including value enhancements and financial closes achieved during the year, and cash invested of £81.1 million, offset by investment realisations of £14.3 million, transfers to the Secondary Investment portfolio of £72.7 million and cash yield of £0.6 million.
Primary Investment | |||
£ million | |||
Portfolio valuation at 1 January 2014 | 300.7 | ||
- Cash invested | 81.1 | ||
- Cash yield | (0.6) | ||
- Proceeds of investment realisation | (14.3) | ||
- Transfers to Secondary Investment | (72.7) | ||
Rebased valuation | 294.2 | ||
- Movement in fair value | 120.1 | ||
Portfolio valuation at 31 December 2014 | 414.3 |
The reduction in the Secondary Investment portfolio is principally due to investment realisations during the year of £184.2 million and cash yield of £23.7 million, offset by cash invested and acquisitions of £70.7 million, primarily the acquisition of JLEN shares of £63.5 million, a movement in fair value of £38.5 million and transfers from the Primary Investment portfolio of £72.7 million.
Secondary Investment | |||
£ million | |||
Portfolio valuation at 1 January 2014 | 383.7 | ||
- Cash invested | 70.7 | ||
- Cash yield | (23.7) | ||
- Proceeds of investment realisation | (184.2) | ||
- Transfers from Primary Investment | 72.7 | ||
Rebased valuation | 319.2 | ||
- Movement in fair value | 38.5 | ||
Portfolio valuation at 31 December 2014 | 357.7 |
Methodology
A full valuation of the Group portfolio is prepared on a consistent basis every six months, at 30 June and 31 December, with a review at 31 March and 30 September, principally using a discounted cash flow methodology. The valuation is carried out on a fair value basis assuming that forecast cash flows from investments are received until maturity of the underlying assets.
Under the Group's valuation methodology, a base case discount rate for an operational project is derived from secondary market information and other available data points. The base case discount rate is then adjusted to reflect additional project-specific risks. In addition, risk premia are added to reflect the additional risk during the construction phase. These premia reduce over time as the project progresses through its construction programme, reflecting the significant reduction in risk once the project reaches the operating stage.
The cash flows at 31 December 2014 on which the discounted cash flow valuation was based were those forecast to be distributable to the Group as at that date, derived from detailed financial models for each underlying project. These incorporate the Group's expectations of likely future cash flows including value enhancements.
For the 31 December 2014 valuation, the overall weighted average discount rate was 9.8% (31 December 2013 - 9.7%) in line with the weighted average discount rate at 30 September 2014. The rate at 31 December 2014 was made up of 10.0% for the Primary Investment portfolio and 9.2% for the Secondary Investment portfolio. The shareholding in JLEN (31 December 2013 - JLIF) was valued at its closing market price on 31 December 2014 of 103.25p per share (31 December 2013 - 115.2 p per JLIF share).
The discount rate ranges used in the portfolio valuation at 31 December 2014 were as set out below:
Sector | Primary Investment | Secondary Investment |
% | % | |
PPP projects | 7.75 - 12.0 | 7.5 - 10.5 |
Renewable energy projects | 10.2 - 13.0 | 9.7 - 9.9 |
The Directors have obtained an independent opinion from a third party, which has considerable expertise in valuing the type of investments held by the Group, that the portfolio valuation represented a fair market value in the market conditions prevailing at 31 December 2014.
Changes in valuation
The increase in the portfolio valuation was attributable to new investment commitments, discount rate unwinding and construction risk premia reduction, and value enhancements, offset by the net effect of realisations and distributions during the period.
Cash investments in respect of five new investment commitments entered into during 2014, comprising three PPP investments and two renewable energy investments, totalled £25.9 million. A further two new investment commitments were entered into without cash investment in the year. In addition, equity and loan note subscriptions of £56.4 million were injected into existing projects in the portfolio as they progressed through, or completed, construction. Also during the year, JLEN shares costing £63.5 million were purchased when the fund was launched and an additional shareholding in the City Greenwich Lewisham (DLR) project was acquired from a co-shareholder for £6.0 million.
During 2014, the Group completed the full or partial realisation of 13 investments, plus its remaining JLIF shareholding, for total proceeds of £198.5 million. Cash yield during 2014 totalled £24.3 million.
The overall movement in fair value was £158.6 million which comprised improvements to forecast future cash flows largely driven by new investments closed (£38.4 million) and value enhancements, as well as discount rate unwinding (£53.0 million) and the reduction of construction risk premia (£16.3 million). This growth represented the net position when taking into account adverse foreign exchange movements (£7.8 million) and the benefit from a wide range of project-specific value enhancements built into forecast cash flows.
Impact of economic indicators
During the year, lower than previously forecast inflation had a minor negative impact on the majority of forecast project cash flows within the portfolio. Deposit rates received on cash balances during 2014 were low but this was anticipated in forecasts made in prior valuations for the majority of projects. Deposit rates are anticipated to remain at low levels in the short-term.
Certain investments are denominated in foreign currencies (including Australian, New Zealand and US Dollars, and Euro). Foreign exchange movements relative to Sterling had a net negative impact on the portfolio valuation, principally because of weakness in the Euro, and are included in the net movement in fair value.
Discount rate sensitivity
The weighted average discount rate used at 31 December 2014 was 9.8% (31 December 2013 - 9.7%). The table below shows the sensitivity of each 1% change in this rate of up to plus or minus 3.0%.
Discount rate sensitivity | Portfolio valuation | Difference in valuation |
£ million | £ million | |
3.0% | 573.3 | (198.7) |
2.0% | 629.2 | (142.8) |
1.0% | 694.7 | (77.3) |
0.0% | 772.0 | - |
-1.0% | 863.8 | 91.8 |
-2.0% | 973.9 | 201.9 |
-3.0% | 1,107.0 | 335.0 |
Analysis of the portfolio valuation on a number of different bases is shown in the following tables. These analyses are as at 31 December 2014 prior to the transfer to JLPF of the 29.9% shareholding in JLEN and the 47% shareholding in the City Greenwich Lewisham (DLR) project as part of the IPO process in February 2015.
Value by time remaining on project concession/life
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |||
£ million | % | £ million | % | |
Greater than 30 years | 159.7 | 20.7 | 123.8 | 18.1 |
20 to 30 years | 368.0 | 47.7 | 398.4 | 58.2 |
10 to 20 years | 128.9 | 16.7 | 81.5 | 11.9 |
Less than 10 years | 49.8 | 6.4 | 41.0 | 6.0 |
Listed investments | 65.6 | 8.5 | 39.7 | 5.8 |
772.0 | 100.0 | 684.4 | 100.0 |
PPP projects are based on long-term concessions and renewable energy assets have long-term useful economic lives. As demonstrated in the table above, at 31 December 2014, 21% of the portfolio by value had a greater than 30-year unexpired concession term or useful economic life remaining at 31 December 2014, 48% had 20 to 30 years remaining and a further 17% had 10 to 20 years remaining. The investment in JLEN (31 December 2013 - JLIF), which represented 8.5% (31 December 2013 - 5.8%) of the portfolio value, is shown separately.
Value split between PPP and renewable energy
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |||
£ million | % | £ million | % | |
Primary PPP | 367.2 | 47.5 | 223.2 | 32.6 |
Primary renewable energy | 47.1 | 6.1 | 77.5 | 11.3 |
Secondary PPP | 213.5 | 27.7 | 270.2 | 39.5 |
Secondary renewable energy | 78.6 | 10.2 | 73.8 | 10.8 |
Listed investments | 65.6 | 8.5 | 39.7 | 5.8 |
772.0 | 100.0 | 684.4 | 100.0 |
Primary PPP investments made up the largest sector within the portfolio, representing 48% of the portfolio valuation at 31 December 2014.
Value by revenue type
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |||
£ million | % | £ million | % | |
Availability | 531.3 | 68.8 | 410.5 | 60.0 |
Shadow toll | 16.4 | 2.1 | 14.0 | 2.0 |
Volume | 158.7 | 20.6 | 220.2 | 32.2 |
Listed investments | 65.6 | 8.5 | 39.7 | 5.8 |
772.0 | 100.0 | 684.4 | 100.0 |
Availability-based investments continued to make up the majority of the portfolio valuation, representing 69% of the portfolio at 31 December 2014. Renewable energy investments comprise the majority of the volume-based investments (21%). The investment in JLEN (31 December 2013 - JLIF), which holds investments in PPP and renewable energy projects, is shown separately.
Value by sector
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |||
£ million | % | £ million | % | |
Social infrastructure | 104.9 | 13.6 | 93.8 | 13.7 |
Transport - other | 254.3 | 32.9 | 215.0 | 31.4 |
Transport - rail rolling stock | 119.9 | 15.5 | 47.9 | 7.0 |
Renewable energy | 125.7 | 16.3 | 151.3 | 22.1 |
Environmental | 101.6 | 13.2 | 136.7 | 20.0 |
Listed investments | 65.6 | 8.5 | 39.7 | 5.8 |
772.0 | 100.0 | 684.4 | 100.0 |
Investments in the transport sector (excluding rail rolling stock) continued to make up the largest proportion of the portfolio valuation, representing 33% of the portfolio at 31 December 2014, with rail rolling stock investments accounting for a further 15%. Renewable energy investments made up 16% of the portfolio by value, social infrastructure investments - 14%, and environmental investments - 13%. The portfolio underlying the JLEN shareholding consists of a mix of renewable energy and environmental projects.
Value by currency
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |||
£ million | % | £ million | % | |
Sterling | 511.8 | 66.3 | 489.9 | 71.6 |
Euro | 142.9 | 18.5 | 142.2 | 20.8 |
Australian dollar | 48.6 | 6.3 | 19.0 | 2.8 |
US dollar | 49.8 | 6.5 | 24.8 | 3.6 |
New Zealand dollar | 18.9 | 2.4 | 6.3 | 0.9 |
Indian rupee | - | - | 2.2 | 0.3 |
772.0 | 100.0 | 684.4 | 100.0 |
The percentage of investments denominated in foreign currencies increased from 28% to 34%. The growth in international investments is consistent with our pipeline and our strategy.
Value by geographical region
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |||
£ million | % | £ million | % | |
UK | 446.2 | 57.8 | 450.2 | 65.8 |
Continental Europe | 142.9 | 18.5 | 142.2 | 20.8 |
North America | 49.8 | 6.5 | 24.8 | 3.6 |
Asia Pacific | 67.5 | 8.7 | 27.5 | 4.0 |
Listed investments | 65.6 | 8.5 | 39.7 | 5.8 |
772.0 | 100.0 | 684.4 | 100.0 |
Investments in the UK continued to make up the majority of the portfolio valuation, representing 58% of the portfolio at 31 December 2014. Continental Europe remained the next largest category with 19%. Investments in projects located in the Asia Pacific region made up 9% and investments in North America 6%. The JLEN portfolio consists of investments in UK based projects.
Value by investment size
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |||
£ million | % | £ million | % | |
Five largest projects | 325.0 | 42.1 | 269.0 | 39.3 |
Next five largest projects | 157.1 | 20.3 | 119.2 | 17.4 |
Other projects | 224.3 | 29.1 | 256.5 | 37.5 |
Listed investments | 65.6 | 8.5 | 39.7 | 5.8 |
772.0 | 100.0 | 684.4 | 100.0 |
The top five investments in the portfolio made up 42% of the portfolio at 31 December 2014. The next five largest investments made up a further 20%, with the remaining investments in the portfolio comprising 29%. The shareholding in JLEN made up 8.5% of the portfolio.
FINANCIAL REVIEW
Basis of preparation
Pro forma financial statements of the Company have been prepared on the basis that the restructuring associated with the Company's Admission in February 2015 had occurred on 1 January 2013 and had been in place throughout the years ended 31 December 2013 and 2014, as described in more detail below.
Statutory financial information
At 31 December 2014, the Company owned 22.46% of Henderson Infrastructure Holdco Limited (HIH) (now John Laing Holdco Limited). The remaining 77.54% was owned by Henderson Infrastructure Holdco (Jersey) Limited (HIHJ). HIH is the holding company of John Laing Limited (formerly John Laing plc).
On 17 February 2015, the Company's ordinary shares were admitted to listing on the main market of the London Stock Exchange. Between 31 December 2014 and 17 February 2015, the following restructuring occurred and became effective on or prior to 17 February 2015:
· The Company acquired 77.54% of the issued share capital of HIH from HIHJ for consideration of £1. This increased the Company's shareholding in HIH to 100%.
· HIHJ waived £357.3 million of its shareholder loans of £987.3 million due from HIH.
· HIHJ assigned the balance of the loans of £630.0 million to the Company in return for a consideration of 299,999,980 ordinary shares of £0.10 issued by the Company at a premium of £2.00 each.
· The Company undertook a reduction of its share premium account by £500 million from the existing share premium account of £600 million to £100 million.
· The loans to HIH were discharged in full by the issue to the Company of 630,000,000 ordinary shares of £0.000001 each in the share capital of HIH, fully paid and at a premium of £0.999999 each.
Following the above transactions, the ordinary share capital of the Company comprised 300 million ordinary shares of £0.10 each held by HIHJ prior to Admission. On 17 February 2015, the Company issued a further 66.92 million ordinary shares in connection with its IPO.
On Admission, the Company entered into a £350 million corporate banking facility which replaced the corporate banking facility that existed prior to Admission held by John Laing Limited, now a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.
During 2014, the Company transitioned to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and adopted Investment Entities (Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27) (the Amendments) as it met the definition of an investment entity. As a result of adopting the Amendments, the Company recognises its investment in HIH at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) rather than at book value.
Statutory financial information on a Company-only basis for the year ended 31 December 2014 is shown on pages 85 to 96 and reflects the 22.46% investment in HIH at a fair value of £nil. The investment was valued at £nil because HIH had net liabilities at 31 December 2014 arising from the shareholder loans from HIHJ.
Pro forma financial information
As at 31 December 2014, the Company did not form a group as it only held 22.46% of HIH and the restructuring described above had not become effective. Consequently, the Company is unable to produce group accounts nor show financial information in respect of the newly formed group within its statutory results for the year ended 31 December 2014.
In the opinion of the Directors, not to present this information would not give a true and fair view of the state of the Company's affairs. Consequently pro forma financial statements have been prepared in compliance with IFRS on the basis that both the restructuring described above and the corporate banking facility now held by John Laing Group plc had been in place throughout the years ended 31 December 2014 and 31 December 2013.
As the Company meets the definition of an investment entity set out within IFRS 10, the pro forma financial information has been prepared accordingly. Investment entities are required to account for all investments in controlled entities, as well as investments in associates and joint ventures, at fair value through profit and loss, except for those subsidiaries that provide investment related services or engage in permitted investment related activities with investees (Service Companies). Service Companies are consolidated rather than recorded at fair value through profit and loss. On 17 February 2015, the legal ownership of certain Service Companies in the HIH group was transferred to the Company and these transfers are also reflected in the pro forma financial information as if they had occurred on 1 January 2013 and had been in place throughout the years ended 31 December 2013 and 2014.
In respect of the corporate banking facility, as this was previously held by John Laing Limited, which is part of the corporate structure through which the Group's investment portfolio is held, outstanding borrowings amounts and associated balances at 31 December 2014 would have been included within the "investments at fair value through profit or loss" line item on the Group Balance Sheet, and finance costs incurred on the corporate banking facility in the year ended 31 December 2014 would have been included within the "net gain on investments at fair value through profit or loss" line item in the Group Income Statement. However, because the new corporate banking facility is at the Company level, the pro forma financial information presents cash borrowings under the new facility within "interest bearing loans and borrowings" on the Group Balance Sheet rather than within "investments at fair value through profit or loss". Finance costs on the facility are presented in finance costs.
The pro forma financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the revaluation of the investment portfolio and financial instruments that are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies. The pro forma financial information presents, as closely as possible, the basis on which the Group will report in subsequent periods.
The pro forma financial information is presented on pages 38 to 84.
Project companies in which the Group invests are described as "non-recourse" i.e. providers of debt to such project companies do not have recourse beyond John Laing's equity commitments in the underlying projects. Subsidiaries through which the Company holds its investments in project companies, which are held at FVTPL, and subsidiaries that are Service Companies, which are consolidated, are described as "recourse".
Pro forma results for the year
Profit before tax from continuing operations for the year ended 31 December 2014 was £120.4 million (2013 - £134.1 million). As set out in the following table, our core divisions continued to deliver good results after a strong 2013:
Primary Investment | Secondary Investment | Asset Management | Total | |||||
2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | |||||
Profit before tax excluding JLIS | 99.4 | 20.9 | 30.1 | 80.8 | 9.7 | 8.8 | 139.2 | 110.5 |
JLIS | - | - | - | - | - | 3.2 | - | 3.2 |
Total profit before tax on continuing operations | 99.4 | 20.9 | 30.1 | 80.8 | 9.7 | 12.0 | 139.2 | 113.7 |
Post retirement charges | (10.0) | (8.8) | ||||||
Other (costs)/income | (8.8) | 8.0 | ||||||
Profit before tax excluding gain on disposal of JLIS |
| 120.4 | 112.9 | |||||
Gain on disposal of JLIS | - | 21.2 | ||||||
Profit before tax (continuing operations) | 120.4 | 134.1 | ||||||
Portfolio valuation | 414.3 | 300.7 | 357.7 | 383.7 | - | - | 772.0 | 684.4 |
Other net current liabilities | (16.4) | (3.2) | ||||||
Group net cash1 | 80.0 | 51.2 | ||||||
Post-retirement obligations | (185.8) | (204.4) | ||||||
Group net assets | 649.8 | 528.0 |
Note:
(1) net cash includes cash balances held to collateralise future investment commitments of £60.5 million (31 December 2013 - £7.9 million) and is presented net of short-term cash borrowings of £nil (31 December 2013 - £6.0 million).
· The main profit contributor in 2014 was the Primary Investment division. The increase from 2013 was principally due to new investment commitments in 2014 and value enhancements identified in the Primary Investment portfolio, including within the two IEP projects.
· In 2013, a number of significant value enhancements were identified in the Secondary Investment portfolio, particularly in the A1 Gdansk Poland investment, which resulted in an increase in the Secondary Investment division profit in that year.
· The Asset Management division's contribution on a like for like basis was higher in 2014 than 2013 primarily as a result of higher fees from external AuM.
The principal matters affecting the financial performance, financial position and cash flows of the Group in 2014 were:
· Total investment commitments of £217.2 million across 11 projects (2013 - ten projects with investment commitments of £112.4 million), including acquisitions;
· Cash investment of £88.3 million into existing projects during and at the end of their construction phase or on acquisitions of projects (2013 - £115.5 million);
· Full realisation of investments in twelve projects (including four investments to JLIF and six investments to JLEN) and partial realisation in one project for total proceeds of £159.6 million. In 2013, there were realisations of investments in five projects, resulting in total proceeds of £110.5 million;
· The combined deficit of the Group's defined benefit pension (under IAS 19) and post-retirement medical schemes at 31 December 2014 decreased to £185.8 million (31 December 2013 - £204.4 million), due to the effect of lower inflation expectations and cash contributions to JLPF of £26.1 million partially offset by a lower discount rate. The cash contribution in 2014 was in line with a schedule of contributions agreed as part of the actuarial valuation of JLPF at 31 March 2013. In February 2015, as part of the IPO process, the Company made a special contribution of assets, including cash, valued at £100 million to JLPF and the schedule of contributions was revised.
Pro Forma Group Income Statement
The Group Income Statement includes:
· the consolidated results of the Company and the Company's recourse subsidiaries that perform service related activities;
· the movement in the fair value of the Company's investment in its recourse investment entity subsidiaries through which it invests in both non-recourse project companies and listed investments, as adjusted for dividends received during the period.
The Group achieved financial close on seven projects in 2014 and achieved recoveries on financial close of £13.2 million (2013 - £9.7 million).
The Group's valuation of its investments in project companies is calculated by discounting their future cash flows as set out in the Portfolio Valuation section on page 17. The Group's investment in JLEN is held at its closing market value at the year end. After adjusting for the impact of investments, distributions and disposals, there was an uplift of £158.6 million (2013 - £134.0 million) in the fair value of investments. This uplift is included within 'net gain on investments at fair value through profit or loss' on the Group Income Statement. Note 13 to the pro forma financial statements shows a total fair value movement of £158.7 million on investments in project companies and listed investments which includes £0.1 million in respect of non-portfolio investments in small joint ventures.
During the year, investments in four projects were sold to JLIF and investments in six projects were sold to JLEN, with a further two investments and one partial investment sold to third parties, resulting in total proceeds of £159.6 million. Any gain arising on investment realisations is included in fair value movements on investments through the Group Income Statement. The Group's shareholding in JLIF was sold for net proceeds of £38.9 million.
Finance costs include the costs arising on the corporate banking facility and the excess of the IAS 19 interest on pension fund liabilities over the expected return on pension fund assets, resulting in a net finance cost of £25.7 million in 2014 (2013 - £18.3 million) with the increase in 2014 being primarily due to the write off of £4.3 million of unamortised upfront fees relating to the previous corporate banking facility that was replaced in February 2015.
The Group's tax credit on continuing activities for 2014 was £2.4 million (2013 - credit of £6.7 million). This comprised a tax credit of £0.2 million in recourse group subsidiary entities that are consolidated (shown on the 'Tax credit/(charge)' line of the Group Income Statement), in relation to a foreign tax credit, and a tax credit of £2.2 million in recourse group subsidiary entities that are held at FVTPL (included within 'net gain on investments at fair value through profit or loss' on the Pro Forma Group Income Statement), primarily in relation to group and consortium relief received from project companies. The annual contributions made to JLPF are tax deductible when paid and, as a result, there is minimal tax payable by the UK holding and asset management activities of the Group. Capital gains from the realisation of investments in projects are generally exempt from tax under the Substantial Shareholding Exemption for shares in trading companies. To the extent this exemption is not available, gains may be sheltered using current year losses or losses brought forward within the Group's holding companies. There are no losses in the Company but there are tax losses in recourse group subsidiary entities that are held at FVTPL.
Pro Forma Group Balance Sheet
The Group Balance Sheet includes on a line by line basis the assets and liabilities of the Company and of the Company's recourse subsidiaries that perform service related activities (Service Companies) and the fair value of the Company's investment in its recourse investment entity subsidiaries through which it invests in non-recourse project companies and listed investments.
The Directors' valuation of the Group's portfolio of investments in project companies and listed investments was £772.0 million at 31 December 2014 (31 December 2013 - £684.4 million). The valuation methodology is set out in the Portfolio Valuation section.
The portfolio value is reconciled to the Pro Forma Group Balance Sheet as follows:
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Portfolio valuation | 772.0 | 684.4 |
Value of other investments not included in portfolio valuation | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Other assets and liabilities within recourse group investment entity subsidiaries1 | 85.9 | 61.1 |
Investments held at FVTPL on the Pro Forma Group Balance Sheet | 858.2 | 745.9 |
Note:
(1) other assets and liabilities within recourse group investment entity subsidiaries include cash and cash equivalents and trade and other receivables less trade and other payables.
The combined accounting deficit in the Group's defined benefit pension and post-retirement medical schemes at 31 December 2014 was £185.8 million (31 December 2013 - £204.4 million). The Group operates two defined benefit schemes in the UK - the John Laing Pension Fund (JLPF) and the John Laing Pension Plan (the Plan). Both schemes are closed to new members and future accrual.
Within the combined accounting deficit of £185.8 million, the pension deficit in JLPF was £177.6 million, based on a discount rate of 3.6%. The amount of the deficit is dependent on key assumptions, principally: inflation; the discount rate used; and the anticipated longevity of members. The discount rate used, as prescribed by IAS 19, is based on the yields from high quality corporate bonds. During January and February 2015, the yields from such bonds were volatile and at 28 February 2015, the discount rate was 3.4% giving rise to an estimated deficit of £94.9 million (unaudited) (which includes the benefit of the £100 million special contribution in February 2015). The sensitivity of JLPF's pension liabilities to changes in key assumptions is illustrated in note 20 to the pro forma financial statements.
During 2014, the Company continued to work with the JLPF trustee on risk reduction initiatives. Pension benefits for current John Laing staff are delivered through a defined contribution scheme.
In December 2013, a schedule of contributions was agreed with the JLPF trustee over a period of 10 years, comprising annual contributions of £26.1 million, increasing by 3.55% annually, payable each March, starting from March 2014. The Company made cash contributions to JLPF in 2014 of £26.1 million (2013 - £25.2 million). As part of the IPO process, in February 2015, the Group made a special contribution satisfied by the transfer of assets, including cash, valued at £100 million to JLPF and agreed a reduction in contributions payable in March 2016 and March 2017. The next triennial actuarial valuation of JLPF is due as at 31 March 2016.
Liquidity
At 31 December 2014, the Group had a corporate banking facility of £353.9 million expiring in February 2017 (31 December 2013 - £305.0 million). Of this facility, £109.0 million was undrawn at 31 December 2014 (31 December 2013 - £139.1 million). Net available financial resources at 31 December 2014 were £128.5 million (31 December 2013 - £188.4 million).
Analysis of Group financial resources (recourse)
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Corporate banking facility1 | 353.9 | 305.0 |
Letters of credit issued | (243.8) | (158.8) |
Other guarantees and commitments | (1.1) | (1.1) |
Short term cash borrowings | - | (6.0) |
Net facility utilisation | (244.9) | (165.9) |
Facility headroom | 109.0 | 139.1 |
Cash and bank deposits2, 3 | 19.5 | 49.3 |
Net available financial resources | 128.5 | 188.4 |
Notes:
(1) in February 2015, the Group entered into a new £350 million corporate banking facility expiring in March 2020.
(2) include cash and cash equivalents and other financial assets included in discontinued operations but exclude cash collateral of future investment commitments.
(3) cash and bank deposits include amounts in both Group entities that are fair valued and Group entities that are consolidated.
Cash and bank deposits are included in the Pro Forma Group Balance Sheet within several lines:
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Amounts in fair valued entities included within investments at fair value through profit or loss | 17.3 | 47.0 |
Amounts in consolidated entities shown as cash and cash equivalents | 2.1 | 2.3 |
Amounts in discontinued operations (note 12 to pro forma financial statements) | 0.1 | - |
Total cash and bank deposits stated above | 19.5 | 49.3 |
Together, letters of credit issued and cash collateral represent future cash investment by the Group into projects which have reached financial close.
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Letters of credit issued | 243.8 | 158.8 |
Cash collateral | 60.5 | 7.9 |
Future cash investment into projects | 304.3 | 166.7 |
Cash collateral balances of £60.5 million at 31 December 2014 included £39.7 million relating to the East West Link project. In the pro forma financial statements, cash collateral is included within 'investments at fair value through profit or loss' on the Pro Forma Group Balance Sheet. Letters of credit issued included a letter of credit for £21.0 million relating to the East West Link project. The aggregate of £60.7 million of the cash collateral balance and the letter of credit amount in relation to the East West Link project is lower in sterling terms than the total investment commitment of £62.7 million due to movement in the Australian dollar between financial close of this project and 31 December 2014.
The Group tends not to be a cash borrower at the corporate level for significant periods of time and does not, therefore, generally seek to hedge its exposure to interest rate movements. However, there are significant non-recourse borrowings within the project companies in which the Group invests. The interest rate exposure on the debt of such project companies is, in almost all circumstances, fixed on financial close, through the issue of either a long-dated bond or fixed rate debt, or through the fixing of floating rate bank debt via interest rate swaps. Given this, the impact on the Group's returns from investments in project companies of changes in interest rates on project borrowings is minimal. There is an impact from changes in interest rates on the investment income from monies held on deposit both at Group level and within project companies but such an effect has not been, and is unlikely to be, significant in the context of the Pro Forma Group Income Statement.
The Group monitors its total exposure to particular currencies. The Group may apply an appropriate hedge to a specific currency transaction exposure, which could include borrowing in that currency or entering into forward foreign exchange contracts. An analysis of the portfolio value by currency is set out in the Portfolio Valuation section on page 20.
At 31 December 2014, the Group held investments valued at £142.9 million (31 December 2013 - £142.2 million) where the underlying project was denominated in Euro, equivalent to 18.5% (31 December 2013 - 20.8%) of the total portfolio valuation of £772.0 million (31 December 2013 - £684.4 million). The Group regularly reviews its exposure to foreign currency, in particular its sensitivity to changes in exchange rates relative to Sterling and to the timing and amount of forecast cash flows. As illustrated in the table below, future cash injections arising from existing investment commitments are partly hedged by letters of credit issued in the same foreign currency. At 31 December 2014, the Group held foreign exchange forward contracts of £28.9 million (31 December 2013 - £31.0 million) against its Euro denominated investments.
Letters of credit in issue denominated in foreign currencies are revalued monthly to Sterling. This retranslation risk does not directly impact the Group Balance Sheet or the Group Income Statement. Letters of credit in issue at 31 December 2014 of £243.8 million (31 December 2013 - £158.8 million) are analysed by currency as follows:
Letters of credit by currency | 31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 |
£ million | £ million | |
Sterling | 162.0 | 88.7 |
Euro | 12.5 | 13.3 |
US dollar | 15.7 | 14.8 |
Australian dollar | 53.6 | 31.9 |
New Zealand dollar | - | 10.1 |
243.8 | 158.8 |
Adjusted Pro Forma Group Balance Sheet
On 17 February 2015, the Company issued 66.92 million new ordinary shares raising £130.5 million of new capital (gross) resulting in proceeds of £120 million net of costs. In addition, on 17 February 2015, the Group made a special contribution of £100 million to JLPF made up of investments and cash. The impact of both transactions on the Pro Forma Group Balance Sheet at 31 December 2014 is shown in the adjusted Pro Forma Group Balance Sheet below. Adjusted on this basis, net assets at 31 December 2014 were £769.8 million, equating to 210 pence per share.
Pro Forma Group Balance Sheet at 31 December 2014 | Net proceeds of the Offer1 | Special contribution to JLPF2 | Adjusted Pro Forma Group Balance Sheet at 31 December 2014 | |
£ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | |
Non-current assets | ||||
Intangible assets | 0.8 | - | - | 0.8 |
Plant and equipment | 1.1 | - | - | 1.1 |
Investments at fair value through profit or loss | 858.2 | - | (79.8) | 778.4 |
Deferred tax assets | 1.5 | - | - | 1.5 |
861.6 | - | (79.8) | 781.8 | |
Current assets | ||||
Trade and other receivables | 9.2 | - | - | 9.2 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 2.1 | 120.0 | (20.2) | 101.9 |
11.3 | 120.0 | (20.2) | 111.1 | |
Assets classified as held for sale | 0.1 | - | - | 0.1 |
Total assets | 873.0 | 120.0 | (100.0) | 893.0 |
Current liabilities | ||||
Trade and other payables | (26.5) | - | - | (26.5) |
Liabilities directly associated with assets classified as held for sale | (8.8) | - | - | (8.8) |
Net current (liabilities)/assets | (23.9) | 120.0 | (20.2) | 75.9 |
Non-current liabilities | ||||
Retirement benefit obligations | (185.8) | - | 100.0 | (85.8) |
Provisions | (2.1) | - | - | (2.1) |
(187.9) | - | 100.0 | (87.9) | |
Total liabilities | (223.2) | - | 100.0 | (123.2) |
Net assets | 649.8 | 120.0 | - | 769.8 |
Note:
(1) The total net proceeds receivable by the Company from the Offer were approximately £120 million, after deduction of underwriting commissions, other estimated offering-related fees, and other related expenses incurred by the Group.
(2) The Group entered into an agreement with the JLPF trustee to make a special contribution of £100 million, on Admission, to reduce the Group's outstanding pension liability and future contributions. This contribution was satisfied by the transfer of certain of the Group's assets (including cash).
Going concern
The Group has a committed corporate banking facility until March 2020 and has sufficient resources available to meet its committed capital requirements, investments and operating costs for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the Group has adopted the going concern basis in the preparation of its pro forma financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2014.
Patrick O'D Bourke
Group Finance Director
Principal Risks and Risk Management
The effective management of risks within the Group is essential to the successful delivery of the Group's objectives. The Board is responsible for ensuring that risks are identified and appropriately managed across the Group and has delegated to the Audit Committee responsibility for reviewing the effectiveness of the Group's internal controls, including the systems established to identify, assess, manage and monitor risks.
The principal internal controls that operated throughout 2014 and up to the date of this announcement include:
· an organisational structure which provides adequate segregation of responsibilities, clearly defined lines of accountability, delegated authority and extensive reporting;
· clear business objectives aligned with the Group's risk appetite;
· risk reporting, including identification of risks through Group-wide risk registers, that is embedded in the regular management reporting of business units and is communicated to the Board; and
· an independent internal audit function, which reports to the Audit Committee. The external auditor also reports to the Audit Committee on the effectiveness of controls.
In addition, a Risk Committee, comprising senior members of management and chaired by the Group Finance Director, assists the Board, Audit and Executive Committees in monitoring and executing the Group's risk management policy.
The Group risk register is reviewed at every meeting of the Audit Committee and every six months by the Board.
The above procedures are underpinned by a control environment which is supported by a culture of openness of communication between operational and executive management on all matters, including risk and control and procedures for bringing matters to the attention of the Board. All investment decisions are scrutinised in detail by the Executive Committee, the Investment Committee and, if outside the Investment Committee's terms of reference, also by the Board.
The Directors' assessment of the principal risks applying to the Group is set out below, including the way in which risks are linked to the three strategic objectives set out in the Chief Executive's review. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to the Directors, or which they currently consider not to be material, may also have an adverse effect on the Group:
Risk | Link to strategic objectives(note) | Mitigation |
Governmental policy Changes to legislation or public policy in the jurisdictions in which the Group operates or may wish to operate could negatively impact the volume of potential opportunities available to the Group and the returns from existing opportunities.
The use of PPP programmes by governmental entities may decrease thereby limiting opportunities for private sector infrastructure investors in the future, or be structured such that returns to private sector infrastructure investors are reduced.
Governmental entities may in the future seek to terminate or renegotiate the terms applying to existing projects for example to introduce new policies or legislation that result in higher tax obligations on existing PPP or renewable energy projects or otherwise affect such projects.
Changes to legislation or public policy relating to renewable energy could negatively impact the economic returns on the Group's investments in renewable energy projects, which would adversely affect the demand for and attractiveness of such projects.
Compliance with the public tender regulations which apply to PPP projects is complex and the outcomes may be subject to third party challenge and reversed. |
1,2,3 |
The Board limits its exposure to any single jurisdiction.
Thorough due diligence is carried out in order to assess a specific country's risk (for example economic and political stability, tax policy and local practices) before any investment is made.
Where possible the Group seeks specific contractual protection from changes in government policy and law for the projects it invests in. General change of law is considered to be a normal business risk. During the bidding process for a project, the Group takes a view on the appropriate level of return to cover the risk of non-discriminatory changes in law.
During the bidding process for a project, the Group assesses the sensitivity of the project's forecast returns to changes in tax rates.
The Group targets jurisdictions which have a track record of support for renewable energy investments and which continue to demonstrate such support.
Through its track record of more than 100 investment commitments, the Group has developed significant expertise in compliance with public tender regulations.
|
Macroeconomic factors Inflation, interest rates and foreign exchange all potentially impact upon the return generated from an investment, to the extent such factors cannot be hedged. Weakness in the political and economic climate in the European Union (EU) could impact the value of, or the return generated from, any or all of the Group's investments located in the EU. |
1,2,3 |
Factors which have the potential to impact adversely on the underlying cash flows of an investment are hedged wherever possible at a project level and sensitivities are considered during the investment approval process.
Systemic risks, such as potential deflation, or appreciation of Sterling versus the currency in which an investment is made, are assessed in the context of the portfolio as a whole.
The Group monitors closely the level of investments it has exposed to the Euro, including regularly testing the sensitivity of the financial covenants in its corporate banking facility to a significant change in the value of the Euro. Where possible, specific clauses relating to potential currency change are incorporated in project documentation. New projects are not currently being pursued in those countries most directly affected by the recent difficulties in the Eurozone. |
Liquidity in the secondary market Weakness in the secondary markets for investments in PPP or renewable energy may affect the Group's ability to realise full value from its divestments, for example as the result of a lack of economic growth in relevant markets, regulatory reform in the banking sector, liquidity in financial markets, changes in interest rates and the recent difficulties in the Eurozone.
The secondary market for investments in renewable energy projects may be affected by, inter alia, changes in energy prices, in governmental policy, in the value of governmental support mechanisms and in project finance market conditions.
The ability of JLIF and JLEN to finance further investments may have an impact on both the Group's ability to sell investments in PPP and renewable energy projects and on the Group's asset management business more generally.
|
1,2,3 |
Investments in projects are appraised on the basis that they are held to maturity. However, they are also carefully structured so that they are capable of being divested, if appropriate, before maturity.
Over recent years, the secondary markets for both PPP and renewable energy investments have grown. In particular, several new environmental funds have been launched.
While JLIF and JLEN are natural buyers of the Group's PPP and renewable energy investments respectively, the size and breadth of secondary markets provide the Group with confidence that it can readily sell investments to other purchasers. |
Financial resources Any shortfall in the financial resources that are available to the Group to satisfy its financial obligations may make it necessary for the Group to constrain its business development, refinance its outstanding obligations, forego investment opportunities and/or sell existing investments.
Inability to secure project finance could hinder the ability of the Group to make a bid, or where the Group has a preferred bidder position, could negatively impact whether an underlying project reaches financial close.
The inability of a project company to refinance existing maturing medium-term project finance facilities periodically during the life of a project could affect the Group's future returns on investments from such projects.
Adverse financial performance by a project company which affects the financial covenants in its project finance loan documents may result in the project company being unable to make distributions to the Group and other investors and may enable senior project finance debt providers to declare default of the financing terms and exercise their security. |
1,2 |
In February 2015, the Group entered into a new corporate banking facility which matures in March 2020. Available headroom is carefully monitored and compliance with the financial covenants and other terms of this facility is closely observed. The Group monitors its working capital and letter of credit requirements and maintains an active dialogue with its banks. It operates a policy of ensuring that sufficient financial resources are maintained to satisfy committed and likely future investment requirements.
The Group believes that there is sufficient depth and breadth in project finance markets to meet the financing needs of the projects it invests in. The Group works closely with a wide range of project finance providers, including banks and other financial institutions. Projects in which the Group has invested in PPP markets such as Australia and New Zealand, where the tenor of project finance facilities at financial close tends to be shorter, will need to be refinanced in due course.
Prior to financial close, all proposed investments are scrutinised by the Investment Committee. This scrutiny includes a review of sensitivities to adverse performance of investment returns and financial ratio tests as well as an assessment of a project's ability to be refinanced if the tenor of its debt is less than the term of the concession or the project's useful life. The Group maintains an active dialogue with the banks and other financial institutions which provide project finance to the projects in which it invests. Monitoring of compliance with financial covenant ratios and other terms of loan documents continues throughout the term of the project finance loan. |
Pensions The amount of the deficit in the Group's main defined benefit pension scheme can vary significantly due to gains or losses on scheme investments and movements in the assumptions used to value scheme liabilities (in particular life expectancy, discount rate and inflation rate). Consequently the Group is exposed to the risk of increases in cash contributions payable, volatility in the deficit reported in the Group Balance Sheet, and gains/losses recorded in the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income. |
1,2 |
The Group's two defined benefit pension schemes are overseen by corporate trustees, the directors of which include independent and professionally qualified individuals. The Company works closely with the trustees on the appropriate funding strategy for the schemes and takes independent actuarial advice as appropriate. Both schemes are closed to future accrual and accordingly have no active members, only deferred members and pensioners. A significant proportion of the liabilities of JLPF, the main defined benefit pension scheme, is matched by a bulk annuity buy-in agreement with Aviva. Other hedging is also in place.
In February 2015, the Group made a special contribution of assets/cash valued at £100 million to JLPF, thereby significantly reducing the IAS 19 deficit in the scheme. |
Competition The Group operates in competitive markets and may not be able to compete effectively or profitably. |
1 |
The Group believes that its experience and expertise as an active investor accumulated over more than 20 years, together with its flexibility and ability to respond to market conditions will continue to enable it to compete effectively and secure attractive investments. |
Valuation The valuation of an investment in a project may not reflect its ultimate realisable value.
In circumstances where the revenue derived from a project is related to patronage (i.e. customer usage), actual revenues may vary materially from assumptions made at the time the investment commitment is made. In addition, to the extent that a project company's actual costs incurred differ from forecast costs, for example, because of late construction, and cannot be passed on to sub-contractors or other third parties, investment returns may be adversely affected.
Revenues from renewable energy projects may be affected by the volume of power production, restrictions on the electricity network and other factors such as noise restrictions, as well as by changes in electricity prices.
The valuation of the Group's investment portfolio is affected by movements in foreign exchange rates, which will be reflected through the Group's financial statements. In addition, there are foreign exchange risks associated with conversion of foreign currency cash flows of an investment into and out of Sterling.
During the construction phase of an infrastructure project, there are risks that either the works are not completed within the agreed time-frame or that construction costs overrun. Where such risks are not borne by sub-contractors, or sub-contractors fail to meet their contractual obligations, this can result in delays or cost overruns, which may adversely affect the return on the Group's investments.
The Group is reliant on the performance of third parties in constructing an asset to an appropriate standard as well as operating it in a manner consistent with contractual requirements. Poor performance by, or failure of, such third parties may result in the impairment or loss of an investment. |
2 |
The discount rates used to value investments are derived from publicly available market data and other market evidence and are updated regularly.
The Group has a good track record of realising investments at prices consistent with the fair values at which they are held.
The Group's investments are in projects which are principally availability-based (where the revenue does not generally depend on the level of use of the project asset). Where patronage or volume risk is taken, the Directors review assumptions and their sensitivities in detail prior to any investment commitment.
Projects are typically structured such that (i) day-to-day service provision is sub-contracted to qualified sub-contractors supported by appropriate security packages (ii) cost and price inflation risk in relation to the provision of services lies with sub-contractors (iii) performance deductions in relation to non-availability lie with sub-contractors (iv) major maintenance and ongoing project company costs are reviewed annually and cost mitigation strategies adopted as appropriate.
Where the revenue from projects is related to patronage or volume (e.g. with regard to investments in renewable energy), risks are mitigated through a combination of factors, including (i) the use of independent forecasts of future volumes (ii) lower gearing versus that of availability-based projects (iii) stress-testing the robustness of project returns against significant falls in forecast volumes.
The Group typically hedges cash flows arising from investment realisations or significant distributions in currencies other than Sterling.
The Group has procedures in place to ensure that project companies in which it invests appoint competent sub-contractors with relevant experience and financial strength. If project construction is delayed, sub-contracting arrangements contain terms enabling the project company to recover liquidated damages, additional costs and lost revenue, subject to limits. In addition the project company may terminate its agreement with a sub-contractor if the latter is in default and seek an alternative sub-contractor.
The terms of the sub-contracts into which project companies enter provide significant protections for investment returns from the poor performance of third parties.
The ability to replace defaulting third parties is supported by security packages to protect against price movement on re-tendering. |
Counterparty risk The Group is exposed to counterparty credit risk with regards to (i) governmental entities, sub-contractors, lenders and suppliers at a project level and (ii) consortium partners, financial institutions and suppliers at a Group level.
In overseas jurisdictions, the Group's investments backed by governmental entities may ultimately be subject to sovereign risk. |
2 |
The Group works with multiple clients, joint venture partners, sub-contractors and institutional investors so as to reduce the probability of systemic counterparty risk in its investment portfolio. In establishing project contractual arrangements prior to making an investment, the credit standing and relevant experience of a sub-contractor are considered. Post contract award, the financial standing of key counterparties is monitored to provide an early warning of possible financial distress.
PPP projects are normally supported by central and local government covenants, which significantly reduce the Group's risk. Risk is further reduced by the increasing geographical spread of the Group's investments.
Counterparties for corporate deposits, project debt swaps and deposits in project companies are required to be banks with a suitable credit rating and are monitored on an ongoing basis.
Entry into new geographical areas which have a different legal framework and/or financial market characteristics is considered by the Board separately from individual investment decisions.
Typically, a substantial proportion of the revenue generated by renewable energy projects is backed by governmental support mechanisms. |
Major incident A major incident at any of the projects invested in by the Group, such as a terrorist attack or war, could lead to a loss of crucial business data, technology, buildings and reputation and harm to the public, all of which could collectively or individually result in a loss of value for the Group.
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2,3
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At financial close, projects benefit from comprehensive insurance arrangements, either directly or through contractors' insurance policies.
Detailed business continuity plans have been designed and are tested at frequent/regular intervals. Business continuity procedures are also regularly updated in order to maintain their relevance.
John Laing operates to independent, third party-certified management systems in respect of health and safety (OHSAS 18001:2007) and environmental management (ISO 14001:2004). In addition John Laing's compliance team routinely monitors health, safety and environmental issues in the projects the Group invests in or manages. |
Investment adviser agreements with JLIF and/or JLEN A loss of JLCM's investment adviser agreements with JLIF and JLEN, respectively would be detrimental to the Group's Asset Management business.
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3 |
Through JLCM, and supported by other parts of the Asset Management division, the Group focuses on delivering a high quality service to both funds. |
Future returns The Group's historical returns and cash yields may not be indicative of future returns.
The Group's expected hold-to-maturity internal rates of return are based on a variety of assumptions which may not be correct at the time they are made and may not be achieved in the future. |
1,2,3 |
In bidding for new projects, the Group sets a target internal rate of return and looks for value enhancement opportunities which would improve this return. While there is no guarantee it will be achieved in future, the existing target range of 12% - 14% is consistent with historical returns.
At the investment appraisal stage, projects are tested for their sensitivity to changes in key assumptions. |
Taxation The Group may be exposed to changes in taxation in the jurisdiction in which it operates, or it may cease to satisfy the conditions for relevant reliefs. Tax authorities may disagree with the positions that the Group has taken or intends to take. Project companies may be exposed to changes in taxation in the jurisdiction in which they operate. |
1,2 |
Tax positions taken by the Group are based on industry practice and/or external tax advice.
At the investment appraisal stage, projects are tested for their sensitivity to changes in tax rates. Project valuations are regularly updated for changes in tax rates.
The Group's effective tax rate tends to be lower than the standard rate of UK corporation tax principally because the contributions the Group makes to JLPF are deductible for tax purposes. |
Personnel The Group may fail to retain key senior management and skilled personnel in, or relocate high-quality personnel to, the jurisdictions in which it operates or seeks to expand. |
1,2,3 |
The Group regularly reviews pay and benefits to ensure they remain competitive. Some 30 of the Group's senior managers will be participating in the long term incentive plans put in place as part of the IPO. The Group plans its human resources needs carefully, including appropriate local recruitment, when it bids for overseas projects. |
Note: The Group's three strategic objectives, as set out in the Chief Executive's review, are:
1. Growth in Primary Investment volumes (new capital committed to greenfield PPP and renewable energy infrastructure) over the medium term
2. Growth in the value of the Group's investment portfolio
3. Growth in the value of external Assets under Management and related fee income
John Laing Group plc
Pro Forma Group Income Statement
for the year ended 31 December 2014
Notes | Year ended31 December 2014 | Year ended31 December 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | ||
Continuing operations | |||
Net gain on investments at fair value through profit or loss | 13 | 168.3 | 147.8 |
Other income | 5 | 38.3 | 85.2 |
Operating income | 3 | 206.6 | 233.0 |
Cost of sales | (0.4) | (37.9) | |
Gross profit | 206.2 | 195.1 | |
Administrative expenses | (60.1) | (63.9) | |
Other gains | 9 | - | 21.2 |
Profit from operations | 6 | 146.1 | 152.4 |
Finance costs | 10 | (25.7) | (18.3) |
Profit before tax | 120.4 | 134.1 | |
Tax credit/(charge) | 11 | 0.2 | (2.3) |
Profit from continuing operations | 120.6 | 131.8 | |
Discontinued operations | |||
Loss from discontinued operations (after tax) | 12 | (0.1) | (1.3) |
Profit for the year attributable to the Shareholder of the Company | 120.5 | 130.5 |
Notes | Year ended 31 December 2014 | Year ended 31 December 2013 | |
Pence | Pence | ||
Earnings/(loss) per share from continuing and discontinued operations attributable to the Shareholder of the Company during the year | |||
Basic earnings/(loss) per share | |||
From continuing operations | 40.2 | 43.9 | |
From discontinued operations | - | (0.4) | |
From profit for the year | 4 | 40.2 | 43.5 |
Pro Forma Group Statement of Comprehensive Income
for the year ended 31 December 2014
Note | Year ended31 December 2014 | Year ended31 December 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | ||
Profit for the year | 120.5 | 130.5 | |
Exchange differences on translation of overseas operations* | (0.3) | 0.1 | |
Actuarial gain/(loss) on retirement benefit obligations | 20 | 1.6 | (31.2) |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the year | 1.3 | (31.1) | |
Total comprehensive income for the year | 121.8 | 99.4 |
*Exchange differences could subsequently be recycled to the income statement on disposal of overseas operations.
Pro Forma Group Statement of Changes in Equity
for the year ended 31 December 2014
Share capital | Share premium | Retained earnings | Total equity | |
£ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | |
Balance at 1 January 2013 | 30.0 | 100.0 | 298.6 | 428.6 |
Profit for the year | - | - | 130.5 | 130.5 |
Other comprehensive loss for the year | - | - | (31.1) | (31.1) |
Total comprehensive income for the year | - | - | 99.4 | 99.4 |
Balance at 31 December 2013 | 30.0 | 100.0 | 398.0 | 528.0 |
Balance at 1 January 2014 | 30.0 | 100.0 | 398.0 | 528.0 |
Profit for the year | - | - | 120.5 | 120.5 |
Other comprehensive income for the year | - | - | 1.3 | 1.3 |
Total comprehensive income for the year | - | - | 121.8 | 121.8 |
Balance at 31 December 2014 | 30.0 | 100.0 | 519.8 | 649.8 |
Pro Forma Group Balance Sheet
as at 31 December 2014
Notes | 31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | ||
Non-current assets | |||
Intangible assets | 0.8 | 1.3 | |
Plant and equipment | 1.1 | 2.2 | |
Investments at fair value through profit or loss | 13 | 858.2 | 745.9 |
Deferred tax assets | 19 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
Trade and other receivables | - | 4.1 | |
861.6 | 755.0 | ||
Current assets | |||
Trade and other receivables | 14 | 9.2 | 12.6 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 25 | 2.1 | 2.3 |
11.3 | 14.9 | ||
Assets classified as held for sale | 12 | 0.1 | 0.6 |
Total assets | 873.0 | 770.5 | |
Current liabilities | |||
Interest bearing loans and borrowings | 16 | - | (6.0) |
Trade and other payables | 15 | (26.5) | (22.1) |
(26.5) | (28.1) | ||
Liabilities directly associated with assets classified as held for sale | 12 | (8.8) | (9.8) |
Net current liabilities | (23.9) | (22.4) | |
Non-current liabilities | |||
Retirement benefit obligations | 20 | (185.8) | (204.4) |
Provisions | 21 | (2.1) | (0.2) |
(187.9) | (204.6) | ||
Total liabilities | (223.2) | (242.5) | |
Net assets | 649.8 | 528.0 | |
Equity | |||
Share capital | 22 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
Share premium | 23 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Retained earnings | 519.8 | 398.0 | |
|
| ||
Equity attributable to the Shareholder of the Company | 649.8 | 528.0 |
The pro forma financial statements of John Laing Group plc, registered number 5975300, were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 24 March 2015. They were signed on its behalf by:
Olivier Brousse Patrick O'D Bourke
Director Director
24 March 2015 24 March 2015
Pro Forma Group Cash Flow Statement
for the year ended 31 December 2014
Notes | Year ended31 December 2014 | Year ended31 December 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | ||
Net cash outflow from operating activities | 24 | (41.3) | (47.7) |
Investing activities | |||
Net cash transferred from investments held at fair value through profit or loss | 13 | 56.0 | 39.5 |
Reduction in other financial assets | - | 2.9 | |
Proceeds from disposal of subsidiaries, net of cash and disposal costs | 9 | - | 9.3 |
Purchase of plant and equipment | - | (0.1) | |
|
| ||
Net cash from investing activities | 56.0 | 51.6 | |
Financing activities | |||
Finance costs paid | (9.0) | (17.2) | |
Proceeds from borrowings | 47.5 | 6.8 | |
Repayment of borrowings | (53.5) | - | |
Net cash used in financing activities | (15.0) | (10.4) | |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (0.3) | (6.5) | |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year | 2.3 | 8.3 | |
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes | 0.2 | 0.5 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year | 25 | 2.2 | 2.3 |
Notes to the pro forma financial statements
1. General information
The pro forma results of John Laing Group plc (the Company or the Group) (formerly Henderson Infrastructure Holdco (UK) Limited) are stated according to the basis of preparation section below. The registered office of the Company is 1 Kingsway, London, WC2B 6AN. The principal activity of the Company is the origination, investment in and management of international infrastructure projects.
The pro forma financial statements are presented in pounds sterling. The statutory financial statements on a Company-only basis can be found on pages 85 to 96.
2. Accounting policies
Basis of preparation
Pro forma financial statements of the Company have been prepared on the basis that the restructuring associated with the Company's Admission in February 2015 had occurred on 1 January 2013 and had been in place throughout the years ended 31 December 2013 and 2014, as described in more detail on pages 22 and 23 of the Financial Review section.
As at 31 December 2014, the Company did not form a group as it only held 22.46% of HIH and the restructuring had not become effective. Consequently, the Company is unable to produce group accounts nor show financial information in respect of the newly formed group within its statutory results for the year ended 31 December 2014.
In the opinion of the Directors, not to present this information would not give a true and fair view of the state of the Company's affairs. Consequently pro forma financial statements have been prepared in compliance with IFRS on the basis that both the restructuring described above and the corporate banking facility now held by John Laing Group plc had been in place throughout the years ended 31 December 2014 and 31 December 2013.
As the Company meets the definition of an investment entity set out within IFRS 10, the pro forma financial information has been prepared accordingly. Investment entities are required to account for all their investments in controlled entities, as well as investments in associates and joint ventures, at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), except for those subsidiaries that provide investment-related services or engage in permitted investment-related activities with investees (Service Companies). Service Companies are consolidated rather than recorded at fair value through profit and loss. On 17 February 2015, the legal ownership of certain Service Companies in the HIH group was transferred to the Company.
In respect of the corporate banking facility, as this was previously held by John Laing Limited, which is part of the corporate structure through which the Group's investment portfolio is held, outstanding borrowings amounts and associated balances at 31 December 2014 would have been included within the "investments at fair value through profit or loss" line item on the Group Balance Sheet, and finance costs incurred on the corporate banking facility in the year ended 31 December 2014 would have been included within the "net gain on investments at fair value through profit or loss" line item in the Group Income Statement. However, because the new corporate banking facility is at the Company level, the pro forma financial information presents cash borrowings under the new facility within "interest bearing loans and borrowings" on the Group Balance Sheet rather than within "investments at fair value through profit or loss." Finance costs on the facility are presented in finance costs on the Group Income Statement.
The pro forma financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the revaluation of the investment portfolio and financial instruments that are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies. The pro forma financial information presents, as closely as possible, the basis on which the Group will report in subsequent periods.
Project companies in which the Group invests are described as "non-recourse" i.e. providers of debt to such project companies do not have recourse beyond John Laing's equity commitments in the underlying projects. Subsidiaries through which the Company holds its investments in project companies, which are held at FVTPL, and subsidiaries that are Service Companies, which are consolidated, are described as "recourse".
The historical financial information presented in the IPO prospectus of the Company dated 29 January 2015 did not reflect the transactions in respect of the part waiver and part capitalisation of the shareholder loans from HIHJ to HIH that occurred between 31 December 2014 and Admission on 17 February 2015. Preparing the historical financial information in the prospectus on the basis that these transactions had occurred on or before 1 January 2013 would have had the following impact:
31 December 2013 prospectus | Impact of restructuring | 31 December 2013 pro forma | |
£ million | £ million | £ million | |
Profit after tax | 70.4 | 60.1 | 130.5 |
Net (liabilities)/assets | (394.5) | 922.5 | 528.0 |
Adoption of new and revised standards
At the date of authorisation of these pro forma financial statements, the following standards and interpretations which have not been applied in the pro forma financial statements were in issue but not yet effective and in some cases had not yet been adopted by the EU (any other standard not listed below has been applied in these pro forma financial statements):
· IFRS 9 Financial Instruments;
· IFRS 11 Accounting for Acquisitions of Interests in Joint Operations;
· IAS 16 / IAS 38 Clarification of Acceptable Methods of Depreciation and Amortisation;
· IFRS 14 Regulatory Deferral Accounts;
· IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers;
· IFRS 10 / IAS 28 Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture;
· IAS 27 Equity Method in Separate Financial Statements;
· Annual Improvements to IFRS (2012-2014) Cycle; and
· IAS 1 Disclosure Initiative.
With the exception of IFRS 9, the Directors do not anticipate that the adoption of the standards listed above will have a material impact on the financial statements of the Group in future reporting periods. The adoption of IFRS 9, when it becomes mandatory, will have an impact on the classification and disclosures of financial instruments.
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these pro forma financial statements are set out below. These policies have been applied consistently to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.
(a) Application of investment entity guidance
Following EU endorsement of Investment Entities (Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27) in November 2013, the Group considered whether it met the definition of an investment entity. Under the guidance, an investment entity is considered to be an entity which:
· Obtains funds from one or more investors for the purpose of providing those investor(s) with investment management services;
· Commits to its investor(s) that its business purpose is to invest funds solely for returns from capital appreciation, investment income, or both; and
· Measures and evaluates the performance of substantially all its investments on a fair value basis.
In assessing whether it meets the definition of an investment entity, an entity must consider whether it has the following typical characteristics:
· More than one investment;
· More than one investor;
· Investors that are not related parties of the entity; and
· Ownership interests in the form of equity or similar interests.
The Group concluded that the Company met the definition of an investment entity. The Group has also adopted the amendments to IFRS 12 and IAS 27 which are applicable to an investment entity. Following adoption of these standards, the Group, as an investment entity, measures all its investments in project companies (including subsidiary project companies which it controls and joint ventures and associates) at FVTPL in accordance with IAS 39: Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (to be replaced by IFRS 9: Financial Instruments when it becomes effective).
The fair value of investments in project companies is calculated by discounting the future cash flows of the underlying projects at an appropriate discount rate. The discount rates used are based on market discount rates for similar assets adjusted by an appropriate premium to reflect project specific risk and the stage of the project. The discount rates applied to investments at 31 December 2014 were in the range of 7.5% to 13.0% (31 December 2013: 7.5% to 11.0%).
The fair value of other investments, which comprises listed investments, is determined by the number of shares held at the period end date and the share price at that date.
The Company consolidates those directly owned subsidiaries which provide services in relation to the Group's investment activities. These subsidiaries include Laing Investments Management Services Limited, John Laing Capital Management Limited and John Laing Services Limited. The Group also consolidated its former subsidiary, John Laing Integrated Services Limited ('JLIS'), until its disposal on 18 October 2013.
(b) Going concern
The Directors have reviewed the Group's financial projections and cash flow forecasts and believe, based on those projections and forecasts, that it is appropriate to prepare the financial statements of the Group on the going concern basis.
As set out in the Financial Review section of the Strategic Report on pages 22 to 29, in arriving at their conclusion, the Directors took into account the Group's policy towards liquidity and cash flow management and the availability of a £350 million committed corporate banking facility until March 2020. The Directors are of the opinion that, based on the Group's forecasts and projections and taking account of expected bidding activity and operational performance, the Group will be able to operate within its bank facilities and comply with the financial covenants therein for the foreseeable future.
In determining that the Group is a going concern, certain risks and uncertainties, some of which arise or increase as a result of the economic environment in some of the Group's markets, have been considered. The Directors believe that the Group is adequately placed to manage these risks. The most important risks and uncertainties identified and considered by the Directors are set out in the Principal Risks and Risk Management section on pages 30 to 37. In addition, the Group's policies for management of exposure to financial risks, including liquidity, foreign exchange, credit and interest rate risks are set out in note 18.
(c) Dividend income
Dividend income from investments at FVTPL is recognised when the shareholders' rights to receive payment have been established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably). Dividend income is recognised gross of withholding tax, if any, and only when approved and paid by the project company.
(d) Dividend payments
Dividend payments to the Company's shareholders are recognised as a liability in the Group's financial statements in the period in which the dividends are approved by the Company's shareholders.
(e) Net gain on investments at FVTPL
Net gain on investments at FVTPL excludes dividend income referred to above. Please refer to accounting policy (g)(i) for further detail.
(f) Other income
The Group earns income from the following sources:
(i) Fees from asset management services
Fees from asset management services to projects in the Group's investment portfolio and external parties are recognised as services provided in accordance with IAS 18: Revenue.
When it is probable that the expected outcome over the life of a management services contract will result in a net outflow of economic benefits or overall loss, a provision is recognised immediately. The provision is determined based on the net present value of the expected future cash inflows and outflows.
(ii) Fees from facilities management services
Until the sale of JLIS on 18 October 2013, fees from long-term facilities management contracts were accounted for in accordance with IAS 18: Revenue. Revenues and profits recognised were determined by reference to services provided in the period.
(iii) Recovery of bid costs on financial close
Bid costs in respect of primary investments are charged to the Group Income Statement until such time as the Group is virtually certain that it will recover the costs. Virtual certainty is generally achieved when an agreement is in place demonstrating that costs are fully recoverable even in the event of cancellation of a project. From the point of virtual certainty, bid costs are held in the Group Balance Sheet as a debtor prior to achieving financial close. On financial close (finalisation of project and financing agreements), the Group recovers bid costs by charging a fee to the relevant company in the investment portfolio.
Other income excludes the value of intra-group transactions and VAT and includes revenue derived from the provision of services to project companies which are held at FVTPL by consolidated Service Companies.
(g) Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Group Balance Sheet when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at FVTPL) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
(i) Financial assets
All financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date where the purchase or sale of a financial asset is under a contract whose terms require delivery of the financial asset within the timeframe established by the market concerned, and are initially measured at fair value, plus transaction costs, except for those financial assets classified as at FVTPL, which are initially measured at fair value.
Financial assets are classified into the following specified categories: financial assets at FVTPL; 'held-to-maturity' investments; 'available-for-sale' financial assets; and 'loans and receivables'. The classification depends on the nature and purpose of the financial assets and is determined at the time of initial recognition.
The financial assets that the Group holds are classified as financial assets at FVTPL and loans and receivables:
· Investments at FVTPL comprise the investments in project companies, investments in listed companies and other assets and liabilities of investment entity subsidiaries. Investments in project companies and in listed companies are designated upon initial recognition as financial assets at FVTPL. The Group's policy is to fair value together both the equity and subordinated debt investments in project subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates. Subsequent to initial recognition, the investments are measured on a combined basis at fair value using a discounted cash flow methodology, with changes recognised within operating income in the Group Income Statement;
The Directors consider that the carrying value of other assets and liabilities held in investments at FVTPL approximates to their fair value. The changes in value of these assets and liabilities are recognised in net gains on investments at fair value through profit or loss in the Group Income Statement; and
· Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted on an active market. Loans and receivables are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment. Interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate, except for short term receivables when the recognition of interest would be immaterial. Loans and receivables are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the balance sheet date which are classified as non-current assets. The Group's loans and receivables comprise 'trade and other receivables', 'cash and cash equivalents' and 'other financial assets' in the Group Balance Sheet.
(ii) Impairment of financial assets
Financial assets, other than those at FVTPL, are assessed for indications of impairment at each balance sheet date. Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events which have occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows of the investment have been affected. For financial assets carried at amortised cost, the amount of the impairment is the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the financial asset's original effective interest rate. The carrying amount of the financial asset is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets.
(iii) Derecognition of financial assets
The Group derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity. If the Group neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Group recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Group retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Group continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.
(iv) Financial liabilities
Interest bearing bank loans and borrowings are initially recorded at fair value, being the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs and subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Finance charges, including premiums payable on settlement or redemption, and direct issue costs are accounted for on an accruals basis in the Group Income Statement and are added to the carrying amount of the instrument to the extent that they are not settled in the period in which they arise.
Other non-derivative financial instruments are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method less any impairment losses.
The Group derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Group's obligations are discharged, cancelled or they expire.
(v) Derivative financial instruments
The Group treats forward foreign exchange contracts and currency swap deals it enters into as FVTPL derivative financial instruments. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are taken through the Group Income Statement.
(h) Provisions
Provisions are recognised when:
· the Group has a legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events;
· it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and
· the amount has been reliably estimated.
Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required on settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole.
(i) Finance costs
Finance costs relating to the corporate banking facility, other than set-up costs, are recognised in the year in which they are incurred. Set-up costs are recognised over the facility term.
Finance costs also include the net interest cost on retirement benefit obligations and the unwinding of discounting of provisions.
(j) Taxation
The tax charge or credit represents the sum of tax currently payable and deferred tax.
Current tax
Current tax payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the Group Income Statement because it excludes both items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Group's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted, or substantively enacted, by the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences arising from investments in project companies, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities in project companies reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited to the Group Income Statement except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Group intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.
(k) Foreign currencies
The individual financial statements of each Group subsidiary are presented in the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates (its functional currency). For the purpose of the pro forma financial statements, the results and financial position of each Group subsidiary are expressed in pounds sterling, the functional currency of the Company and the presentation currency of the pro forma financial statements.
Exchange differences arising in the ordinary course of trading are reflected in the Group Income Statement; those arising on translation of net results of foreign operations are transferred to the Group's retained earnings in the Group Balance Sheet. On disposal of foreign operations, such translation differences are reclassified to the Group Income Statement in the period in which the disposal has occurred.
For the purposes of presenting the pro forma financial statements, the assets and liabilities of the Group's foreign operations are translated at exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates for the period. Monetary assets and liabilities expressed in foreign currency are reported at the rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date or, if appropriate, at the forward contract rate. Any difference arising on the retranslation of these amounts is taken to the Group Income Statement, except for long-term shareholder loans, which form part of net investment in a foreign operation, where any difference arising on the retranslation of these amounts is taken to the translation reserve in the Group Balance Sheet. In the event of disposal of a foreign investment, this reserve is reclassified to the Group Income Statement as part of the profit or loss on disposal.
(l) Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations
Where a disposal group represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, or is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, it is treated as a discontinued operation. The post-tax profit or loss of this discontinued operation together with the gain or loss recognised on its disposal is shown as a single amount on the face of the Group Income Statement, with all historical financial periods being presented on this basis.
Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount is recoverable through a sale rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as having been met only when the sale is highly probable, the asset (or disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition and the sale is completed within one year of the date of its classification.
(m) Intangible assets
Computer software classified as an intangible asset is amortised over three to five years on a straight line basis.
(n) Plant and equipment
Plant and equipment, including fixtures and fittings and computer equipment, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment loss.
Depreciation is charged so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets over their estimated useful lives using the straight line method on the following bases:
Computer equipment 3 to 5 years; and
Office equipment 3 to 5 years
(o) Retirement benefit costs
The Group operates both defined benefit and defined contribution pension arrangements. Its two defined benefit pension schemes are the John Laing Pension Fund (JLPF) and the John Laing Pension Plan, which are both closed to future accrual. The Group also provides post-retirement medical benefits to certain former employees.
Payments to defined contribution pension arrangements are charged as an expense as they fall due.
For the defined benefit pension schemes and the post-retirement medical benefit scheme, the cost of providing benefits is determined in accordance with IAS 19: Employee Benefits (revised) using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at least every three years. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the year in which they occur and are presented in the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income. Curtailment gains arising from changes to members' benefits are recognised in full in the Group Income Statement.
The retirement benefit obligations recognised in the Group Balance Sheet represent the present value of: (i) defined benefit scheme obligations as adjusted for unrecognised past service costs and as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets, where any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to past service costs plus the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the schemes; and (ii) unfunded post-retirement medical benefits.
Net interest expense or income is recognised within finance costs.
(p) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the Group Balance Sheet comprise cash at bank and in hand and short term deposits with original maturities of three months or less. For the purposes of the Group Cash Flow Statement, cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and short term deposits as defined above, net of bank overdrafts.
Deposits held with original maturities of greater than three months are shown as other financial assets.
(q) Leasing
All leases are classified as operating leases. Rentals payable under operating leases are charged to income on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Benefits received and receivable as an incentive to enter into an operating lease are also spread on a straight line basis over the lease term.
(r) Share capital
Ordinary shares are classified as equity instruments on the basis that they evidence a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all its liabilities.
Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new ordinary shares are recognised in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds in the period in which the shares are issued.
Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
In the application of the Group's accounting policies, the Directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates made and the underlying assumptions on which they are based are reviewed regularly. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
Critical accounting judgement
Determining whether the Group qualifies as an investment entity
The Group has assessed whether it falls within the criteria of an investment entity under Investment Entities (Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27):
(i) the Group has historically been wholly owned by Henderson Infrastructure Holdco (Jersey) Limited on behalf of two funds, Henderson PFI Secondary Fund LP and Henderson PFI Secondary Fund II LP (the Henderson Funds), which in turn have a number of investors. Following Admission, the Group is now also owned by a number of investors directly;
(ii) the Group's strategy is to originate, invest in, and manage infrastructure assets. It invests in PPP projects and renewable energy project companies with the sole purposes of earning investment income and capital appreciation. The underlying project companies have businesses and activities that the Group is not directly involved in. The Group's returns from the provision of management services to project companies are small in comparison to the Group's overall investment-based returns; and
(iii) the Group measures all its investments in PPP projects and renewable energy projects on a fair value basis. Information on the fair value of investments forms part of monthly management reports reviewed by the Board of Directors.
Although the Group has a defined benefit pension liability, IFRS does not exclude companies with non-investment related liabilities from qualifying as investment entities.
Unconsolidated project company subsidiaries are 'non-recourse' entities. Based on the arrangements in place with those subsidiaries, the Group has concluded that there are no:
(i) significant restrictions (resulting from borrowing arrangements, regulatory requirements or contractual arrangements) on the ability of an unconsolidated subsidiary to transfer funds to the Group in the form of cash dividends or to repay loans or advances made to the unconsolidated subsidiary by the Group; and
(ii) current commitments or intentions to provide financial or other support to an unconsolidated subsidiary, including commitments or intentions to assist the subsidiary in obtaining financial support, beyond commitments made at financial close of a project.
Key sources of estimation uncertainty
Fair value of investments in project companies
A valuation of the Group's investment portfolio is prepared on a consistent, principally discounted cash flow basis at 30 June and 31 December. The valuation is carried out on a fair value basis assuming that forecast cash flows are received until maturity of the underlying assets.
A base case discount rate for an operational project is derived from secondary market information and other available data points. The base case discount rate is then adjusted to reflect project-specific risks. In addition, risk premia are added during the construction phase to reflect the additional risk during construction. These premia reduce over time as the project progresses through its construction programme, reflecting the significant reduction in risk once the project reaches the operating stage.
The cash flows on which the discounted cash flow valuation is based are those forecast to be distributable to the Group at each balance sheet date, derived from detailed financial models. These incorporate assumptions reflecting the Group's expectations of likely future cash flows including value enhancements.
Pension and other post-retirement liability accounting
The combined accounting deficit in the Group's defined benefit pension and post-retirement medical schemes at 31 December 2014 was £185.8 million (31 December 2013: £204.4 million). The value of the pension deficit is highly dependent on assumptions for price inflation, discount rate and longevity experience. The sensitivity of the pension liabilities to certain changes in these assumptions is illustrated in note 20.
In determining the Group's defined benefit pension liability, consideration is also given to whether there is a minimum funding requirement under IFRIC 14 which is in excess of the IAS 19 liability. If the minimum funding requirement is higher, an additional liability would need to be recognised. Under the trust deed and rules of JLPF, the Group has an ultimate unconditional right to any surplus, accordingly the excess of the minimum funding requirement over the IAS 19 liability has not been recognised as an additional liability.
3. Operating segments
Information is reported to the Group's Board (the chief operating decision maker under IFRS 8) for the purposes of resource allocation and assessment of segment performance based on the category of activities undertaken within the Group. The principal categories of activity, and thus the reportable segments under IFRS 8, are: Primary Investment, Secondary Investment and Asset Management.
The results included within each of the reportable segments comprise:
Primary Investment - costs and cost recoveries associated with originating, bidding for and winning greenfield infrastructure and renewable energy projects; investment returns from and growth in the value of the Primary Investment portfolio, net of associated costs.
Secondary Investment - investment returns from and growth in the value of the Secondary Investment portfolio, net of associated costs.
Asset Management - fee income and associated costs from investment management services in respect of both the Primary and Secondary Investment portfolios and in respect of JLIF's and JLEN's portfolios plus fee income and associated costs from project management services and, up to 18 October 2013, fee income and associated costs from facilities management services.
The Board's primary measure of profitability for each segment is adjusted profit before tax.
The following is an analysis of the Group's adjusted profit before tax and adjusted operating income for the years ended 31 December 2014 and 31 December 2013:
Adjusted operating income | ||||||||
Year ended 31 December 2014 | Year ended 31 December 2013 | |||||||
External | Inter-segment | Total | External | Inter-segment | Total | |||
£ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | |||
Primary Investment | 139.9 | - | 139.9 | 57.2 | - | 57.2 | ||
Secondary Investment | 40.1 | - | 40.1 | 93.8 | - | 93.8 | ||
Asset Management | ||||||||
Facilities management services | - | - | - | 48.2 | 5.2 | 53.4 | ||
Other | 26.5 | 10.2 | 36.7 | 25.0 | 8.2 | 33.2 | ||
Total | 26.5 | 10.2 | 36.7 | 73.2 | 13.4 | 86.6 | ||
Reportable segments | 206.5 | 10.2 | 216.7 | 224.2 | 13.4 | 237.6 | ||
Inter-segment and intra-group sales | - | (10.2) | (10.2) | - | (13.4) | (13.4) | ||
Tax credits in net gain on investments at FVTPL | 2.2 | - | 2.2 | 9.0 | - | 9.0 | ||
Changes in fair value of derivative financial instruments outstanding at period end and classified as FVTPL | (0.2) | - | (0.2) | 0.6 | - | 0.6 | ||
Other | (1.9) | - | (1.9) | (0.8) | - | (0.8) | ||
Operating income | 206.6 | - | 206.6 | 233.0 | - | 233.0 |
Adjusted profit before tax | |||
Year ended 31 December 2014 | Year ended 31 December 2013 | ||
£ million | £ million | ||
Primary Investment | 99.4 | 20.9 | |
Secondary Investment | 30.1 | 80.8 | |
Asset Management | |||
Facilities management services | - | 3.2 | |
Other | 9.7 | 8.8 | |
9.7 | 12.0 | ||
Reportable segments' adjusted profit before tax | 139.2 | 113.7 | |
Profit on disposal of JLIS | - | 21.2 | |
Post-retirement charges | (10.0) | (8.8) | |
Costs relating to discontinued operations and one-off costs | (7.0) | (1.2) | |
Other, including tax credit in recourse group subsidiaries held at FVTPL | (1.8) | 8.0 | |
Profit before tax | 120.4 | 132.9 | |
Being: | |||
Profit before tax from continuing operations | 120.4 | 134.1 | |
Loss before tax from discontinued operations (note 12) | - | (1.2) | |
Profit before tax | 120.4 | 132.9 |
For the year ended 31 December 2014, more than 10% of adjusted operating income was derived from one project, IEP (Phase 2) (year ended 31 December 2013 - A1 Gdansk Poland).
The Group's investment portfolio, comprising investments in project companies and listed funds and included within investments at FVTPL (see note 13) is allocated between primary and secondary investments. The Primary Investment portfolio includes investments in projects which have yet to reach financial close or recently reached financial close and/or are in the construction phase. The Secondary Investment portfolio includes investments in operational projects.
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Segment assets | ||
Primary Investment | 414.3 | 300.7 |
Secondary Investment | 357.7 | 383.7 |
Total investment portfolio | 772.0 | 684.4 |
Other investments | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Other assets and liabilities | 85.9 | 61.1 |
Total investments at FVTPL | 858.2 | 745.9 |
Other assets | 14.8 | 24.6 |
Total assets | 873.0 | 770.5 |
Retirement benefit obligations | (185.8) | (204.4) |
Other liabilities | (37.4) | (38.1) |
Net assets | 649.8 | 528.0 |
Other assets and liabilities above include cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables less trade and other payables within recourse group investment entity subsidiaries.
4. Earnings per share
The calculation of basic earnings per share is set out below:
Year ended 31 December | Year ended 31 December | |
2014 | 2013 | |
Profit for the year | ||
Profit for the purpose of basic earnings per share (£ million) | 120.5 | 130.5 |
Number of shares | ||
Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purpose of basic earnings per share | 300,000,000 | 300,000,000 |
Earnings per share (pence/share) | ||
Basic | 40.2 | 43.5 |
There were no share options granted by the Company during the year ended 31 December 2014 and 2013. As such there is no dilution of earnings per share.
5. Other income
Year ended 31 December 2014 | Year ended 31 December 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Fees from asset management services | 26.5 | 25.0 |
Fees from facilities management services | - | 48.2 |
Recovery of bid costs | 11.4 | 9.7 |
Other | 0.4 | 2.3 |
38.3 | 85.2 |
6. Profit from operations
Year ended 31 December 2014 | Year ended 31 December 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Profit from operations has been arrived at after (charging)/crediting: | ||
Fees payable to the Company's auditor and its associates for the audit of the Company's annual accounts | - | - |
Fees payable to the Company's auditor and its associates for the audit of the Company's subsidiaries | (0.3) | (0.3) |
Total audit fees | (0.3) | (0.3) |
Other assurance services | (0.1) | (0.1) |
Corporate finance services | (0.8) | (0.8) |
Total non-audit fees | (0.9) | (0.9) |
Payments under operating leases: | ||
- rental of land and buildings | (3.0) | (2.0) |
Net foreign exchange gain/(loss) | 2.3 | (0.2) |
Depreciation of plant and equipment | (1.0) | (1.2) |
Amortisation of intangible assets | (0.5) | (1.6) |
The fees payable to the Company's auditor for the audit of the Company's annual accounts was £6,249 (31 December 2013 - £6,067). The fees payable to the Company's auditor for corporate finance services comprised: £0.8 million (2013 - £nil) for vendor due diligence services in relation to a potential trade sale of the Group; £nil (2013 - £0.4 million) in relation to the disposal of JLIS and £nil (2013 - £0.4 million) in relation to the launch of JLEN. Fees of £1.1 million (2013 - £nil) for reporting accountant and other services in relation to the IPO of the Company in February 2015 will be deducted from share premium in 2015 as an expense on the issue of equity shares and therefore they are not included in the Pro Forma Group Income Statement for the year ended 31 December 2014.
7. Employee costs
Year ended 31 December 2014 | Year ended 31 December 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Employee costs comprise: | ||
Salaries | 26.3 | 40.2 |
Social security costs | 3.5 | 4.2 |
Pension charge | ||
- defined benefit schemes (note 20) | 1.3 | 1.7 |
- defined contribution | 1.5 | 2.4 |
32.6 | 48.5 |
8. Directors
No Directors of the Company during the years ended 31 December 2014 and 2013 received any remuneration for services to the Company (or the Group) during the years ended 31 December 2014 and 2013.
9. Other gains
Year ended 31 December2014 | Year ended 31 December 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Profit on disposals | - | 21.2 |
Other gains | - | 21.2 |
The Group disposed of Woodcroft Insurance Company Limited (Woodcroft), its captive insurance subsidiary, on 28 August 2013 and JLIS, its facilities management business, on 18 October 2013.
The net assets at the date of disposal were:
Year ended31 December 2014 | Year ended31 December 2013 | |
JLIS and Woodcroft | ||
£ million | £ million | |
Plant and equipment | - | 0.5 |
Deferred tax asset | - | 0.2 |
Inventories - work in progress | - | 0.8 |
Trade and other receivables | - | 9.5 |
Cash and cash equivalents | - | 7.8 |
Interest bearing loans and borrowings | - | (0.8) |
Trade and other payables | - | (16.7) |
Current tax liabilities | - | (2.1) |
Provisions | - | (2.9) |
Net assets disposed of | - | (3.7) |
Consideration | - | 18.3 |
Disposal costs | - | (1.2) |
Profit on disposals | - | 20.8 |
Continuing operations | - | 21.2 |
Discontinued operations | - | (0.4) |
- | 20.8 | |
Reconciliation to net cash inflow: | ||
Consideration | - | 18.3 |
less: cash and other financial assets in subsidiaries disposed of | - | (7.8) |
less: disposal costs | - | (1.2) |
Net cash inflow arising on disposals | - | 9.3 |
The income statement for JLIS up to the date of its disposal was as follows:
Year ended 31 December 2013 | |
£ million | |
Other income | 48.2 |
Operating income | 48.2 |
Cost of sales | (37.3) |
Gross profit | 10.9 |
Administrative expenses | (7.7) |
Profit from operations | 3.2 |
10. Finance costs
Year ended 31 December 2014 | Year ended 31 December 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Finance costs on corporate banking facility | (11.0) | (9.2) |
Amortisation of debt issue costs | (6.3) | (1.6) |
Net interest cost of retirement obligations (note 20) | (8.4) | (7.5) |
|
| |
Total finance costs | (25.7) | (18.3) |
Amortisation of debt issue costs for the year ended 31 December 2014 includes an amount of £4.3 million (2013 - £nil) for the write off of unamortised finance costs at 31 December 2014 in relation to the corporate banking facility that was replaced in February 2015 by a new facility.
11. Tax
The tax credit/(charge) for the year comprises:
Year ended 31 December2014 | Year ended31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Current tax: | ||
UK corporation tax charge - current year | - | (2.1) |
Foreign tax credit | 0.2 | - |
- | (2.1) | |
Deferred tax charge | - | (0.2) |
Tax credit/(charge) on continuing operations | 0.2 | (2.3) |
The tax credit/ (charge) for the year can be reconciled to the profit in the Group Income Statement as follows:
Year ended 31 December2014 | Year ended31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Profit before tax on continuing operations | 120.4 | 134.1 |
Tax at the UK corporation tax rate | (25.9) | (31.2) |
Tax effect of expenses and other similar items that are not deductible | (2.1) | (2.0) |
Non-taxable movement on fair value of investments | 36.2 | 34.4 |
Tax attributes of entities held as investments at FVTPL applicable to consolidated entities | (8.2) | (3.5) |
Other movements | 0.2 | - |
Total tax credit/(charge) on continuing operations for the year | 0.2 | (2.3) |
For the year ended 31 December 2014 a blended tax rate of 21.5% has been applied due to the change in the UK corporation tax rate from 23% to 21% with effect from 1 April 2014 (year ended 31 December 2013 - 23.25%). The UK Government has announced its intention to reduce the main corporation tax rate by 1% to 20% from 1 April 2015.
The main changes in corporation tax rates that have accounting implications for deferred tax are as follows:
- The main rate of corporation tax reduced from 23% to 21% from 1 April 2014.
- The main rate of corporation tax will further reduce to 20% from 1 April 2015.
The Group expects that the majority of deferred tax assets will be realised after 1 April 2015 and therefore the Group has measured its deferred tax assets at 31 December 2014 and 31 December 2013 at 20%.
12. Discontinued operations
Certain of the Group's assets and liabilities, which relate to legacy property and construction businesses, are classified as discontinued. The remaining assets and liabilities relate to the settlement of potential liabilities at the time of sale of the legacy businesses.
The results of discontinued operations, which have been included in the Group Income Statement, were as follows:
Year ended 31 December2014 | Year ended31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Cost of sales | - | (0.4) |
Gross loss from discontinued operations | - | (0.4) |
Other operating income | - | 0.5 |
Administrative expense | 0.2 | (0.7) |
Other losses | - | (0.4) |
Profit/(loss) from discontinued operations | 0.2 | (1.0) |
Finance costs | (0.2) | (0.2) |
Loss before tax from discontinued operations | - | (1.2) |
Tax charge on discontinued operations | (0.1) | (0.1) |
Loss from discontinued operations (after tax) | (0.1) | (1.3) |
During the year ended 31 December 2014 net cash outflow from operating activities included £1.1 million (31 December 2013 - inflow £0.7 million) in respect of discontinued operations which also used £nil (31 December 2013 - used £1.9 million) in investing activities. There were no cash flows in financing activities in relation to discontinued operations.
The major classes of assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are as follows:
31 December2014 | 31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Current assets | ||
Cash and cash equivalents | 0.1 | - |
Trade and other receivables | - | 0.6 |
Assets classified as discontinued operations | 0.1 | 0.6 |
Current liabilities | ||
Provisions (note 21) | (8.8) | (9.2) |
Tax liabilities | - | (0.6) |
Liabilities directly associated with assets classified as discontinued operations | (8.8) | (9.8) |
Net liabilities classified as discontinued operations | (8.7) | (9.2) |
13. Investments at fair value through profit or loss
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |||||||
Project companies | Listed investments | Other assets and liabilities | Total | Project companies | Listed investments | Other assets and liabilities | Total | |
£ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | |
Opening balance | 645.1 | 39.7 | 61.1 | 745.9 | 538.7 | 37.2 | 61.7 | 637.6 |
Distributions | (26.0) | (1.9) | 27.9 | - | (29.8) | (2.2) | 32.0 | - |
Investment in equity and loans | 91.7 | 63.5 | (155.2) | - | 117.2 | - | (117.2) | - |
Disposals | (159.6) | (38.9) | 198.5 | - | (110.1) | - | 110.1 | - |
Fair value movement | 155.5 | 3.2 | 9.6 | 168.3 | 129.1 | 4.7 | 14.0 | 147.8 |
Net cash transferred from investments held at FVTPL | - | - | (56.0) | (56.0) | - | - | (39.5) | (39.5) |
Closing balance | 706.7 | 65.6 | 85.9 | 858.2 | 645.1 | 39.7 | 61.1 | 745.9 |
Included within other assets and liabilities above is cash collateral of £60.5 million (31 December 2013 - £7.9 million) in respect of future investment commitments on East West Link, New Perth Stadium and Oldham Housing (31 December 2013 - Oldham Housing).
Following financial close of the East West Link project in October 2014, a change of government took place in the State of Victoria in Australia. The incoming Labor government gave notice in December 2014 to the East West Connect consortium, in which the Group has a shareholding, that it was suspending the project. While the outcome of current discussions with the State of Victoria is difficult to anticipate, John Laing is acting on the basis that the consortium will be entitled to compensation in accordance with the project agreement if the State of Victoria exercises its right to terminate for convenience. The process that the government will follow during the suspension is not currently known and it may be some months before a conclusion is reached. At that stage, we expected to recover our investment commitment to this project, which is made up of cash collateral of £39.7 million and a letter of credit of £21.0 million.
The investment disposals that have occurred in the years presented above are as follows:
Year ended 31 December 2014
During the year ended 31 December 2014, the Group disposed of shares and subordinated debt in twelve PPP and renewable energy project companies. Sale proceeds were £139.5 million in cash. In addition in December 2014, the Group realised £20.1 million from its investment in the Croydon BWH project when Croydon Council exercised its option to acquire the property. The Group also disposed of its remaining holding in JLIF on 31 March 2014 for £38.9 million, net of costs of £0.4 million.
Details of investments in project companies sold in the year ended 31 December 2014 were as follows:
Project | Date of completion | Original holding% | Holdingdisposed of% | Retainedholding% |
Sold to John Laing Infrastructure Fund Limited | ||||
Duo2 Holdings BV | 26 September 2014 | 40.00 | 40.00 | - |
Services Support (SEL) Limited | 1 October 2014 | 25.00 | 25.00 | - |
JLW Excellent Homes for Life Limited | 19 December 2014 | 80.00 | 80.00 | - |
Surrey Lighting Services Limited | 19 December 2014 | 50.00 | 50.00 | - |
Sold to John Laing Environmental Assets Group Limited | ||||
Amber Solar Parks (Holdings) Limited | 3 April 2014 | 100.00 | 100.00 | - |
Bilsthorpe Wind Farm Holdings Limited | 3 April 2014 | 100.00 | 100.00 | - |
ELWA Holdings Limited | 17 April 2014 | 80.00 | 80.00 | - |
JL Hall Farm Holdings Limited | 31 March 2014 | 100.00 | 100.00 | - |
Shanks Dumfries and Galloway Holdings Limited | 31 March 2014 | 80.00 | 80.00 | - |
Wind Assets LLP | 4 April 2014 | 100.00 | 100.00 | - |
Sold to other parties | ||||
Coastal Clearwater Limited | 5 December 2014 | 50.00 | 50.00 | - |
Westadium Project Holdco Pty Limited | 19 December 2014 | 100.00 | 50.00 | 50.00 |
Year ended 31 December 2013
During the year ended 31 December 2013, the Group disposed of shares and subordinated debt in five PPP project companies plus part of its shareholding in Rail Investments (Great Western) Limited. Sale proceeds were £110.5 million in cash including proceeds from sale of the Group's shareholding in a joint venture holding company.
Details of investments in project companies sold in the year ended 31 December 2013 were as follows:
Project | Date of completion | Original holding in shares and subordinated debt % | Holding disposed of % | Retainedholding% |
Sold to John Laing Infrastructure Fund Limited | ||||
Healthcare Support (North Staffs) Limited | 20 December 2013 | - | ||
-Shares | 75.0 | 75.0 | - | |
-Subordinated debt | 75.0 | 75.0 | - | |
-Mezzanine debt | 42.17 | 42.17 | - | |
Infusion KVH General Partnership | 28 November 2013 | 50.0 | 50.0 | - |
Barnsley BSF: | 14 October 2013 | |||
-Barnsley SPV One Limited | 40.0 | 40.0 | - | |
-Barnsley SPV Two Limited | 40.0 | 40.0 | - | |
-Barnsley SPV Three Limited | 40.0 | 40.0 | - | |
Sold to other parties | ||||
Inteq Services (Holdings) Limited | 10 June 2013 | 50.0 | 50.0 | - |
Airtrain Holdings Limited | 27 March 2013 | 6.05 | 6.05 | - |
Rail Investments (Great Western) Limited | 31 January 2013 | 100.0 | 20.0 | 80.0 |
14. Trade and other receivables
31 December2014 | 31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Current assets | ||
Trade receivables | 4.3 | 8.1 |
Other taxation | 0.1 | 0.2 |
Other receivables | 2.0 | 3.2 |
Prepayments and accrued income | 2.8 | 1.1 |
9.2 | 12.6 |
In the opinion of the Directors the fair value of trade and other receivables is equal to the carrying value.
31 December2014 | 31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Sterling | 8.6 | 10.2 |
Canadian dollar | 0.3 | 0.4 |
US dollar | 0.1 | 0.2 |
Australian dollar | 0.1 | 1.5 |
Euro | 0.1 | 0.3 |
9.2 | 12.6 |
The carrying amounts of the Group's trade and other receivables are denominated in the following currencies:
Included in the Group's trade receivables are debtors with a carrying value of £0.2 million which were overdue at 31 December 2014 (31 December 2013 - £0.2 million). The Group has not provided for these debtors as there has not been a significant change in their credit quality since the amounts became overdue, and they are still considered fully recoverable. The Group does not hold any collateral against these balances.
Ageing of overdue but not impaired trade receivables:
31 December2014 | 31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Up to 60 days | 0.2 | 0.2 |
60-90 days | - | - |
Over 90 days | - | - |
0.2 | 0.2 |
Included in the Group's trade receivables are debtors with a carrying value of £nil which were impaired at 31 December 2014 (31 December 2013 - £nil).
15. Trade and other payables
31 December2014 | 31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Current liabilities | ||
Trade payables | 13.9 | 12.4 |
Other taxation | 1.0 | 0.8 |
Accruals | 11.3 | 8.5 |
Deferred income | 0.3 | 0.4 |
|
| |
26.5 | 22.1 | |
|
16. Interest bearing loans and borrowings
31 December2014 | 31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Current liabilities | ||
Interest bearing loans and borrowings | - | 6.0 |
|
17. Financial instruments
a) Financial instruments by category
Continuing operations | Loans and receivables | Assets at FVTPL | Financial liabilities at amortised cost | Total |
£ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | |
Fair value measurement method | n/a | Level 1/Level 3 | n/a | |
31 December 2014 | ||||
Non-current assets | ||||
Investments at fair value through profit or loss* | - | 858.2 | - | 858.2 |
Current assets | ||||
Trade and other receivables | 8.4 | - | - | 8.4 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 2.1 | - | - | 2.1 |
|
|
|
| |
Total financial assets | 10.5 | 858.2 | - | 868.7 |
Current liabilities | ||||
Trade and other payables | - | - | (25.3) | (25.3) |
Total financial liabilities | - | - | (25.3) | (25.3) |
|
|
|
| |
Net financial instruments | 10.5 | 858.2 | (25.3) | 843.4 |
31 December 2013 | ||||
Non-current assets | ||||
Investments at fair value through profit or loss* | - | 745.9 | - | 745.9 |
| ||||
Current assets | ||||
Trade and other receivables | 10.5 | - | - | 10.5 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 2.3 | - | - | 2.3 |
|
|
|
| |
Total financial assets | 12.8 | 745.9 | - | 758.7 |
Current liabilities | ||||
Interest bearing loans and borrowings | - | - | (6.0) | (6.0) |
Trade and other payables | - | - | (20.9) | (20.9) |
|
|
|
| |
Total financial liabilities | - | - | (26.9) | (26.9) |
|
|
|
| |
Net financial instruments | 12.8 | 745.9 | (26.9) | 731.8 |
* Investments at FVTPL are split between: Level 1, JLEN, which is a listed investment fair valued at £65.6 million (31 December 2013: JLIF - £39.7 million) using quoted market prices; and Level 3 investments in project companies fair valued at £706.7 million (31 December 2013 - £645.1 million). Level 1 and Level 3 investments are fair valued in accordance with the policy and assumptions set out in note 2. The investments at FVTPL include other assets and liabilities as shown in note 13. Such other assets and liabilities are recorded at amortised cost which the Directors believe approximates to their fair value.
The tables in section a) provide an analysis of financial instruments that are measured subsequent to their initial recognition at fair value.
- Level 1 fair value measurements are those derived from quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
- Level 2 fair value measurements are those derived from inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and
- Level 3 fair value measurements are those derived from valuation techniques that include inputs to the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 during each year. There were no transfers out of Level 3.
Reconciliation of Level 3 fair value measurement of financial assets and liabilities
An analysis of the movement between opening and closing balances of assets at FVTPL is given in note 13.
The carrying amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities in these financial statements reflect their fair values.
b) Foreign currency and interest rate profile of financial assets
Continuing operations | ||
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |
Financial assets | Financial assets | |
Non-interest bearing | Non-interest bearing | |
£ million | £ million | |
Currency | ||
Sterling | 8.5 | 9.8 |
Euro | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Canadian dollar | 0.5 | 0.7 |
US dollar | 0.4 | 0.2 |
Australian dollar | 0.6 | 1.7 |
New Zealand dollar | 0.1 | - |
Other | 0.1 | - |
|
| |
Total | 10.5 | 12.8 |
c) Foreign currency and interest rate profile of financial liabilities
The Group's financial liabilities at 31 December 2014 were £25.3 million (31 December 2013 - £26.9 million), of which £nil million (31 December 2013 - £6.0 million) related to short-term cash borrowings.
Continuing operations | Continuing operations | |||||
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |||||
Financial liabilities | Financial liabilities | |||||
Fixedrate | Non-interest bearing | Total | Fixedrate | Non-interest bearing | Total | |
£ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | |
Currency | ||||||
Sterling | - | (22.0) | (22.0) | (6.0) | (14.9) | (20.9) |
Euro | - | (0.7) | (0.7) | - | (3.8) | (3.8) |
Canadian dollar | - | (0.1) | (0.1) | - | (0.1) | (0.1) |
US dollar | - | (1.3) | (1.3) | - | - | - |
Australian dollar | - | (1.2) | (1.2) | - | (2.1) | (2.1) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total | - | (25.3) | (25.3) | (6.0) | (20.9) | (26.9) |
18. Financial risk management
The Group's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including foreign exchange rate risk, interest rate risk and inflation risk), credit risk, price risk, liquidity risk and capital risk. The Group's overall risk management programme focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the Group's financial performance. The Group uses derivative financial instruments to hedge certain risk exposures.
For the parent company and its recourse subsidiaries, financial risks are managed by a central treasury operation which operates within Board approved policies. The various types of financial risk are managed as follows:
Market risk - foreign currency exchange rate risk
As at 31 December 2014 the Group held investments in 14 overseas projects (31 December 2013 - 11 overseas projects). The Group's foreign currency exchange rate risk policy is not to hedge on an individual project basis but to determine and manage the total Group exposure to individual currencies. The Group's exposure to exchange rate risk on its investments is disclosed below.
In addition, the Group policy on managing foreign currency exchange rate risk is to cover significant transactional exposures arising from receipts and payments in foreign currencies, where appropriate and cost effective. There were ten forward currency contracts open as at 31 December 2014 (31 December 2013 - eight).
At 31 December 2014, the Group's most significant currency exposure was to the Euro (31 December 2013 - Euro).
Foreign currency exposure of investments at fair value through profit or loss:
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |||||||
Project companies | Listed investments | Other assets and liabilities | Total | Project companies | Listed investments | Other assets and liabilities | Total | |
£ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | |
Sterling | 446.3 | 65.6 | 30.3 | 542.2 | 450.3 | 39.7 | 59.9 | 549.9 |
Euro | 143.1 | - | 0.8 | 143.9 | 142.5 | - | 1.0 | 143.5 |
Australian dollar | 48.6 | - | 54.1 | 102.7 | 19.0 | - | 0.1 | 19.1 |
Canadian dollar | - | - | 0.2 | 0.2 | - | - | - | - |
US dollar | 49.8 | - | 0.7 | 50.5 | 24.8 | - | - | 24.8 |
New Zealand dollar | 18.9 | - | (0.4) | 18.5 | 6.3 | - | 0.1 | 6.4 |
Indian rupee | - | - | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2.2 | - | - | 2.2 |
Other | - | - | 0.1 | 0.1 | - | - | - | - |
706.7 | 65.6 | 85.9 | 858.2 | 645.1 | 39.7 | 61.1 | 745.9 |
Investments in project companies are fair valued based on the spot rate at the balance sheet date. As at 31 December 2014, a 10% weakening of the relevant currency against Sterling would decrease the value of investments in project companies by £23.5 million. A 10% strengthening of the relevant currency against Sterling would increase the value by £25.8 million.
Market risk - interest rate risk
The Group's interest rate risk arises due to fluctuations in interest rates which impact on the value of returns from floating rate deposits and expose the Group to variability in interest payment cash flows on variable rate borrowings. The Group has assessed its exposure to interest rate risk and considers that this exposure is minimal as its variable rate borrowings are short term, its finance costs in relation to letters of credit issued under the corporate banking facility are at a fixed rate and the interest earned on its cash and cash equivalents minimal.
The exposure of the Group's financial assets to interest rate risk is as follows:
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 |
| |||||
Interest bearing | Interest bearing | ||||||
Floating rate | Non-interest bearing | Total | Floating rate | Non-interest bearing | Total | ||
£ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | ||
Financial assets | |||||||
Investments at FVTPL | - | 858.2 | 858.2 | - | 745.9 | 745.9 | |
Trade and other receivables | - | 8.4 | 8.4 | - | 10.5 | 10.5 | |
Cash and cash equivalents | 2.1 | - | 2.1 | 2.3 | - | 2.3 | |
Financial assets exposed to interest rate risk | 2.1 | 866.6 | 868.7 | 2.3 | 756.4 | 758.7 | |
An analysis of the movement between opening and closing balances of investments at FVTPL is given in note 13. The investments in project companies are valued on a discounted cash flow basis. At 31 December 2014, the weighted average discount rate was 9.8% (31 December 2013 - 9.7%). For investment in project companies, changing the discount rate used to value the underlying instruments would alter their fair value. As at 31 December 2014 a 1% increase in the discount rate would reduce the fair value by £77.3 million (31 December 2013 - £52.4 million) and a 1% reduction in the discount rate would increase the fair value by £91.9 million (31 December 2013 - £61.3 million).
The exposure of the Group's financial liabilities to interest rate risk is as follows:
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |||||
Interest bearing | Interest bearing | |||||
Fixed rate | Non-interest bearing | Total | Fixed rate | Non-interest bearing | Total | |
£ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | |
Interest bearing loans and borrowings | - | - | - | (6.0) | - | (6.0) |
Trade and other payables | - | (25.3) | (25.3) | - | (20.9) | (20.9) |
Financial liabilities exposed to interest rate risk | - | (25.3) | (25.3) | (6.0) | (20.9) | (26.9) |
Market risk - inflation risk
The Group has limited direct exposure to inflation risk, but the fair value of investments is determined by future project revenue and costs which can be partly linked to inflation. This results in the fair value of investments being partly sensitive to inflation which can be mitigated by the project company entering into inflation swaps. Where PPP investments are positively correlated to inflation, an increase in inflation expectations will tend to increase the value of PPP investments although this would tend to be offset by an increase in pension liabilities.
Credit risk
Credit risk is managed on a Group basis. Credit risk arises from a combination of the value and term to settlement of balances due to and payable by counterparties for both financial and trade transactions.
In order to minimise credit risk, cash investments and derivative transactions are limited to financial institutions of a suitable credit quality and counterparties are carefully screened. The Group's cash balances are invested in line with a policy approved by the Board, capped with regard to counter-party credit ratings.
A significant majority of the project companies in which the Group invests receive revenue from government departments, public sector or local authority clients and/or directly from the public. As a result, these projects tend not to be exposed to significant credit risk.
Price risk
The Group's investments in PPP assets have limited direct exposure to price risk. The fair value of many such project companies is dependent on the receipt of fixed fee income from government departments, public sector or local authority clients. As a result, these projects tend not to be exposed to price risk. The Group also holds investments in renewable energy projects whose fair value may vary according to forward energy prices to the extent this is not hedged through short to medium term price purchase agreements with electricity suppliers. The Group's investment in JLEN (2013- JLIF) is valued at its closing market share price.
Liquidity risk
The Group adopts a prudent approach to liquidity management by maintaining sufficient cash and available committed facilities to meet its current and upcoming obligations.
The Group's liquidity management policy involves projecting cash flows in major currencies and assessing the level of liquid assets necessary to meet these. Managing liquidity risk is helped by the relative predictability in both value and timing of cash flows to and from the project companies in which the Group invests.
Maturity of financial assets
The maturity profile of the Group's financial assets is as follows:
Continuing operations | ||
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |
Less thanone year | Less thanone year | |
£ million | £ million | |
Trade and other receivables | 8.4 | 10.5 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 2.1 | 2.3 |
Financial assets (excluding investments at FVTPL) | 10.5 | 12.8 |
Other than certain trade and other receivables, as detailed in note 14, none of the financial assets is either overdue or impaired.
The maturity profile of the Group's financial liabilities is as follows:
31 December2014 | 31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
In one year or less, or on demand | (25.3) | (26.9) |
The following table details the remaining contractual maturity of the Group's financial liabilities. The table reflects undiscounted cash flows relating to financial liabilities based on the earliest date on which the Group is required to pay. The table includes both interest and principal cash flows:
Weighted average effective interest rate | In one year or less | Total | |
% | £ million | £ million | |
31 December 2014 | |||
Fixed interest rate instruments - loan and borrowings | - | - | |
Non-interest bearing instruments* | n/a | (25.3) | (25.3) |
(25.3) | (25.3) | ||
31 December 2013 | |||
Fixed interest rate instruments - loans and borrowings | 4.6 | (6.0) | (6.0) |
Non-interest bearing instruments* | n/a | (20.9) | (20.9) |
(26.9) | (26.9) |
* Non-interest bearing instruments relate to trade and other payables.
Capital risk
The Group seeks to adopt efficient financing structures that enable it to manage capital effectively and achieve the Group's objectives without putting shareholder value at undue risk. The Group's capital structure comprises its equity (as set out in the Group Statement of Changes in Equity) and its net borrowings.
A committed corporate banking facility of £285.0 million was entered into on 20 February 2013, which increased to £305.0 million on 29 October 2013 and to £353.9 million on 30 June 2014, and could be used either for drawing down loans capped at any one time to £150 million or for issuing letters of credit. The facility of £353.9 million, due to expire on 20 February 2017, was replaced on 17 February 2015 by a new five year £350.0 million corporate banking facility.
Of the letters of credit issued at 31 December 2014, £243.8 million (31 December 2013 - £158.8 million) related to future capital and loan commitments and £1.1 million (31 December 2013 - £1.1 million) related to performance and bid bonds.
The Group has requirements for both borrowings and letters of credit, which at 31 December 2014 were met by its £353.9 million committed corporate banking facility (31 December 2013 - £305.0 million). The committed facilities are summarised below:
31 December 2014 | ||||
Total facility | Loans drawn | Letters of credit in issue/ other commitments | Total undrawn | |
£ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | |
Committed corporate banking facility | 353.9 | - | 244.9 | 109.0 |
Total committed Group facility | 353.9 | - | 244.9 | 109.0 |
31 December 2013 | ||||
Total facility | Loans drawn | Letters of credit in issue/ other commitments | Total undrawn | |
£ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | |
Committed corporate banking facility | 305.0 | 6.0 | 159.9 | 139.1 |
Total committed Group facility | 305.0 | 6.0 | 159.9 | 139.1 |
19. Deferred tax
The following are the major deferred tax assets and movements therein recognised by the Group in the years ended 31 December 2014 and 31 December 2013:
Other deductible temporary differences | |
£ million | |
Opening asset at 1 January 2013 | 1.9 |
Charge to income - prior year | (0.1) |
Charge to income - current year | (0.1) |
Arising on disposals and other movements | (0.2) |
Closing asset at 31 December 2013 | 1.5 |
Opening asset at 1 January 2014 | 1.5 |
Closing asset at 31 December 2014 | 1.5 |
20. Retirement benefit obligations
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Pension schemes | (177.6) | (196.8) |
Post-retirement medical benefits | (8.2) | (7.6) |
Retirement benefit obligations | (185.8) | (204.4) |
a) Pension schemes
The Group operates two defined benefit pension schemes in the UK (the Schemes) - The John Laing Pension Fund (JLPF) which commenced on 31 May 1957 and The John Laing Pension Plan (the Plan) which commenced on 6 April 1975. JLPF was closed to future accrual from 1 April 2011 and the Plan was close to future accrual from September 2003. Neither Scheme has any active members, only deferred members and pensioners. The assets of both Schemes are held in separate trustee-administered funds.
UK staff employed since 1 January 2002, who are entitled to retirement benefits, can choose to be members of a defined contribution stakeholder scheme sponsored by the Group in conjunction with Legal and General Assurance Society Limited. Local defined contribution arrangements are available to overseas staff.
The Fund
An actuarial valuation of JLPF was carried out as at 31 March 2013 by a qualified independent actuary, Towers Watson. At that date, JLPF was 75% funded on the technical provision funding basis. This valuation took into account the Continuous Mortality Investigation Bureau (CMI Bureau) projections of mortality. The next triennial actuarial valuation of the Fund is due as at 31 March 2016.
During the year ended 31 December 2014, John Laing made deficit reduction contributions of £26.1 million (31 December 2013 - £25.2 million) to JLPF in cash. In earlier years, deficit reduction contributions included PPP investments. At 31 December 2014, JLPF's assets included PPP investments valued at £7.0 million (31 December 2013 - £17.0 million). The Company has guaranteed to fund any cumulative shortfall in forecast project yield payments from these PPP investments up until 2017, but considers it unlikely that a net shortfall will arise. Under a schedule of contributions agreed in December 2013, the deficit reduction contribution for 2015 will be £27.0 million, to increase by 3.55% per annum thereafter to 2023, unless agreed otherwise by the Company and the JLPF corporate trustee, until the deficit has been eliminated. On 17 February 2015, as part of the Company's IPO, the Company transferred assets, including cash, valued at £100 million to JLPF and agreed a reduction in contributions payable.
The liability at 31 December 2014 allows for indexation of deferred pensions and post 5 April 1988 GMP pension increases based on the Consumer Price Index ('CPI').
The Plan
No contributions were made to the Plan in the year ended 31 December 2014. At its last actuarial valuation as at 31 March 2014, the Plan had assets of £12.3 million and liabilities of £11.4 million resulting in an actuarial surplus of £0.9 million. The next triennial actuarial valuation of the Plan is due as at 31 March 2017.
An analysis of members of both schemes is shown below:
31 December 2014 | Deferred | Pensioners | Total |
JLPF | 4,886 | 3,747 | 8,633 |
The Plan | 121 | 301 | 422 |
31 December 2013 | Deferred | Pensioners | Total |
JLPF | 5,094 | 3,673 | 8,767 |
The Plan | 134 | 306 | 440 |
The weighted average financial assumptions used in the valuation of JLPF and the Plan under IAS 19 at 31 December were:
31 December2014 | 31 December2013 | |
% | % | |
Discount rate | 3.60 | 4.50 |
Rate of increase in non-GMP pensions in payment | 2.90 | 3.05 |
Rate of increase in non-GMP pensions in deferment | 2.00 | 2.30 |
Inflation - RPI | 3.00 | 3.30 |
Inflation - CPI | 2.00 | 2.30 |
The amount of the JLPF deficit is highly dependent upon these assumptions and may vary significantly from period to period. The impact of possible future changes to some of the assumptions is shown below, without taking into account any inter-relationship between the assumptions. In practice, there would be inter-relationships between the assumptions. The analysis has been prepared in conjunction with the Group's actuarial adviser.
(Increase)/decrease in pension liabilities at 31 December 2014 before deferred tax | ||
Increase in assumption | Decrease in assumption | |
£ million | £ million | |
0.25% on discount rate | 37.3 | (39.6) |
0.25% on inflation rate | (27.6) | 26.8 |
1 year post-retirement longevity | (32.6) | 29.2 |
Mortality
Mortality assumptions at 31 December 2014 were based on the following tables published by the CMI Bureau:
- SAPS S2 normal (S2NA) year of birth tables for staff members with mortality improvements in line with CMI 2013 core projections with a long term trend rate of 1.0% per annum
- SAPS S2 light (S2NA_L) year of birth tables for executive members with mortality improvements in line with CMI 2013 core projections with a long term trend rate of 1.0% per annum
Mortality assumptions at 31 December 2013 were based on the following tables published by the CMI Bureau:
- SAPS normal year of birth tables for staff members with CMI 2013 projections with a long term trend rate of 1% per annum.
- SAPS light year of birth tables for executive members with CMI 2013 projections with a long term trend rate of 1% per annum.
The table below summarises the weighted average life expectancy implied by the mortality assumptions used:
31 December2014 | 31 December2013 | |
Years | Years | |
Life expectancy - for a deferred member reaching age 65 | ||
Males | 22.9 | 22.9 |
Females | 25.4 | 25.4 |
Life expectancy - for a 65 year old pensioner | ||
Males | 21.9 | 21.9 |
Females | 24.3 | 24.3 |
The major categories, fair values and percentages of assets held by the Schemes were as follows:
31 December 2014 | 31 December 2013 | |||
£ million | % | £ million | % | |
Bond and other debt instruments | ||||
UK corporate bonds | 114.2 | 104.4 | ||
UK government gilts | 108.6 | 63.2 | ||
UK government gilts - index linked | 150.1 | 126.2 | ||
|
| |||
372.9 | 43.0 | 293.8 | 38.5 | |
Equity instruments | ||||
UK listed equities | 103.8 | 108.2 | ||
European listed equities | 19.3 | 19.3 | ||
US listed equities | 48.9 | 38.8 | ||
Other international listed equities | 72.1 | 50.1 | ||
244.1 | 28.2 | 216.4 | 28.3 | |
Aviva bulk annuity buy in agreement | 226.3 | 26.1 | 207.2 | 27.1 |
Property | ||||
Retail property | 2.2 | 2.3 | ||
Commercial property | 4.4 | 5.6 | ||
Industrial property | 2.1 | 6.2 | ||
8.7 | 1.0 | 14.1 | 1.8 | |
Derivatives | ||||
Inflation swaps | (5.5) | 2.9 | ||
(5.5) | (0.6) | 2.9 | 0.4 | |
Cash and cash equivalents | 12.9 | 1.5 | 13.2 | 1.7 |
UK PPP investments | 7.0 | 0.8 | 17.0 | 2.2 |
Total market value of assets | 866.4 | 100.0 | 764.6 | 100.0 |
Present value of Schemes' liabilities | (1,041.0) | (958.0) | ||
Deficit in the Schemes | (174.6) | (193.4) | ||
Less unrecoverable surplus in the Plan | (3.0) | (3.4) | ||
Net pension liability | (177.6) | (196.8) |
Virtually all equity and debt instruments have quoted prices in active markets (Level 1). Derivatives can be classified as Level 2 instruments and property and PPP investments as Level 3 instruments. It is the policy of JLPF to use inflation swaps to hedge its exposure to inflation risk. The JLPF trustee invests in return seeking assets, such as equity property and PPP investments, whilst balancing the risks of inflation and interest rate movements through the annuity buy-in agreement, inflation swaps and interest rate hedging.
In February 2009, the JLPF trustee entered into a bulk annuity buy-in agreement with Aviva to mitigate JLPF's exposure to changes in liabilities. At 31 December 2014, the underlying insurance policy was valued at £226.3 million (31 December 2013 - £207.2 million), being very substantially equal to the IAS 19 valuation of the related liabilities.
Analysis of amounts charged to operating profit
Year ended31 December2014 | Year ended31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Current service cost* | (1.3) | (1.7) |
|
|
\* The Schemes no longer have any active members. Therefore, under the projected unit method of valuation the current service cost for JLPF will increase as a percentage of pensionable payroll as members approach retirement. The current service cost has been included within administrative expenses.
Analysis of amounts charged to finance costs
Year ended31 December2014 | Year ended31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Interest on Schemes' assets | 34.2 | 31.6 |
Interest on Schemes' liabilities | (42.2) | (38.8) |
|
| |
Net charge to finance costs | (8.0) | (7.2) |
Analysis of amounts recognised in Group Statement of Comprehensive Income
Year ended31 December2014 | Year ended31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Return on Schemes' assets (excluding amounts included in interest on Schemes' assets above) | 84.6 | 30.1 |
Experience loss arising on Schemes' liabilities | (0.1) | (30.7) |
Changes in demographic assumptions underlying the present value of the Schemes' liabilities | (5.3) | (5.1) |
Changes in financial assumptions underlying the present value of the Schemes' liabilities | (77.4) | (25.6) |
Decrease in unrecoverable surplus | 0.4 | 0.6 |
|
| |
Actuarial gain/(loss) recognised in Group Statement of Comprehensive Income | 2.2 | (30.7) |
Changes in present value of defined benefit obligations
31 December2014 | 31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Opening defined benefit obligation | (958.0) | (900.4) |
Current service cost | (1.3) | (1.7) |
Interest cost | (42.2) | (38.8) |
Experience loss on Schemes' liabilities | (0.1) | (30.7) |
Changes in demographic assumptions underlying the present value of the Schemes' liabilities | (5.3) | (5.1) |
Changes in financial assumptions underlying the present value of the Schemes' liabilities | (77.4) | (25.6) |
Benefits paid (including administrative costs paid) | 43.3 | 44.3 |
|
| |
Closing defined benefit obligation | (1,041.0) | (958.0) |
The weighted average life of JLPF at 31 December 2014 is 15 years (31 December 2013 - 16 years).
31 December2014 | 31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Opening fair value of Schemes' assets | 764.6 | 721.7 |
Interest on Schemes' assets | 34.2 | 31.6 |
Return on Schemes' assets (excluding amounts included in interest on Schemes' assets above) | 84.6 | 30.1 |
Contributions by employer | 26.3 | 25.5 |
Benefits paid (including administrative costs paid) | (43.3) | (44.3) |
|
| |
Closing fair value of Schemes' assets | 866.4 | 764.6 |
Analysis of the movement in the deficit during the year
31 December2014 | 31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Opening deficit | (193.4) | (178.7) |
Current service cost | (1.3) | (1.7) |
Other finance cost | (8.0) | (7.2) |
Contributions | 26.3 | 25.5 |
Actuarial gain/(loss)* | 1.8 | (31.3) |
|
| |
Closing deficit in Schemes | (174.6) | (193.4) |
Less unrecoverable surplus in the Plan | (3.0) | (3.4) |
|
| |
Pension deficit | (177.6) | (196.8) |
* excluding the decrease in unrecoverable surplus in the Plan.
The cumulative amount of losses recognised in the Pro Forma Group Statement of Changes in Equity is £359.1 million (31 December 2013 - £361.3 million).
History of the weighted average experience gains and losses
Year ended 31 December2014 | Year ended 31 December2013 | |
Difference between actual and expected returns on assets: | ||
Amount (£ million) | 84.6 | 30.1 |
% of Schemes' assets | 9.8 | 3.9 |
Experience loss on Schemes' liabilities: | ||
Amount (£ million) | (0.1) | (30.7) |
% of present value of Schemes' liabilities | - | 3.2 |
Total amount recognised in the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income (excluding deferred tax): | ||
Amount (£ million) | 2.2 | (30.7) |
% of present value of Schemes' liabilities | 0.3 | 3.2 |
Amounts for the current and previous four years are as follows:
31 December | 31 December | 31 December | 31 December | 31 December | |
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |
£ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | |
Present value of Schemes' liabilities | (1,041.0) | (958.0) | (900.4) | (841.2) | (824.6) |
Market value of Schemes' assets | 866.4 | 764.6 | 721.7 | 691.2 | 658.9 |
Deficit (after unrecoverable surplus in Plan) | (177.6) | (196.8) | (182.6) | (154.2) | (169.0) |
Experience (loss)/gain on Schemes' liabilities | (0.1) | (30.7) | 0.3 | (8.2) | 8.5 |
% of present value of Schemes' liabilities | - | 3.2% | - | 1.0% | 1.0% |
Experience gain/(loss) on Schemes' assets | 84.6 | 30.1 | 12.3 | 10.8 | 26.8 |
% of Schemes' assets | 9.8% | 3.9% | 1.7% | 1.6% | 4.1% |
b) Post-retirement medical benefits
The Company provides post-retirement medical insurance benefits to 65 former employees. This scheme, which was closed to new members in 1991, is unfunded.
The present value of the future liabilities under this arrangement has been assessed by the Company's actuarial adviser, Lane Clark & Peacock LLP, and has been included in the Group Balance Sheet under retirement benefit obligations as follows:
31 December2014 | 31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Post-retirement medical liability - opening | (7.6) | (7.2) |
Other finance costs | (0.3) | (0.3) |
Contributions | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Experience loss | (0.1) | - |
Changes in financial assumptions underlying the present value of the Schemes' liabilities* | (0.6) | (0.5) |
|
| |
Post-retirement medical liability - closing | (8.2) | (7.6) |
* This amount is an actuarial loss that goes through the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income.
The annual rate of increase in the per capita cost of medical benefits was assumed to be 3.6% in 2014. It is expected to increase in 2015 and thereafter at 5.4% per annum.
Medical cost inflation has a significant effect on the liability reported for this scheme. A 1% change in assumed medical cost inflation would result in the following costs and liability:
1% increase | 1% decrease | |
£ million | £ million | |
Post-retirement medical liability at 31 December 2014 | (9.1) | (7.2) |
Post-retirement medical liability at 31 December 2013 | (8.4) | (6.9) |
21. Provisions
At 1 January 2014 | Unwinding of discount | Charge/ (credit) to Group Income Statement | Utilised | At 31 December 2014 | |
£ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | |
Retained liabilities | 9.2 | 0.2 | (0.4) | (0.2) | 8.8 |
Onerous contracts | 0.1 | - | (0.1) | - | - |
Employee related liabilities | 0.1 | - | - | - | 0.1 |
Onerous property leases | - | - | 2.0 | - | 2.0 |
Total provisions | 9.4 | 0.2 | 1.5 | (0.2) | 10.9 |
Classified as: | |||||
Continuing operations | 0.2 | - | 1.9 | - | 2.1 |
Discontinued operations (note 12) | 9.2 | 0.2 | (0.4) | (0.2) | 8.8 |
Provisions on continuing operations are analysed as: | |||||
Non-current provisions | 0.2 | 2.1 | |||
Current provisions | - | - | |||
0.2 | 2.1 |
At 1 January 2013 | Unwinding of discount | On disposal of subsidiaries | Charge/ (credit) to Group Income Statement | Utilised | At 31 December 2013 | |
£ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | £ million | |
Retained liabilities | 9.8 | 0.2 | (1.6) | 1.2 | (0.4) | 9.2 |
Onerous contracts | 3.0 | - | (1.3) | (1.5) | (0.1) | 0.1 |
Employee related liabilities | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 |
Total provisions | 12.9 | 0.2 | (2.9) | (0.3) | (0.5) | 9.4 |
Classified as: | ||||||
Continuing operations | 3.1 | - | (1.3) | (1.5) | (0.1) | 0.2 |
Discontinued operations (note 12) | 9.8 | 0.2 | (1.6) | 1.2 | (0.4) | 9.2 |
Provisions on continuing operations are analysed as: | ||||||
Non-current provisions | 3.1 | 0.2 | ||||
Current provisions | - | - | ||||
3.1 | 0.2 |
Provisions for retained liabilities relate to disposed businesses, £8.8 million of which relates to the sale of Laing Construction in 2001 (31 December 2013 - £9.2 million). These amounts are assessed regularly on a contract by contract basis and are expected to be utilised over the next few years. There was an additional provision of £1.5 million at 1 January 2013 which reduced to £nil at 31 December 2013 following the disposal of the Group's captive insurance business in August 2013.
The provision for onerous property leases of £2.0 million (31 December 2013 - £nil) primarily relates to the lease of the Company's head office at 1 Kingsway, London. This provision represents the present value as at 31 December 2014 of future rental payments over the term of the lease, net of any expected sub-letting income. Future rental payments, net of sub-letting income, are discounted at 2.1%, a 12 year gilt rate reflecting the remaining term of the lease, to take into account the timing of these payments.
22. Share capital
31 December2014 | 31 December2013 | |||
No. | No. | |||
Authorised: | ||||
Ordinary shares of £0.10 each | 300,000,000 | 300,000,000 | ||
|
| |||
Total | 300,000,000 | 300,000,000 | ||
£ million | £ million | |||
Allotted, called up and fully paid: | ||||
300,000,000 ordinary shares of £0.10 each | 30.0 | 30.0 | ||
|
| |||
Total | 30.0 | 30.0 |
The transactions giving rise to the issue of 300,000,000 ordinary shares are explained in the basis of preparation section in note 2.
23. Share premium
On 26 January 2015 the Company allotted to its shareholder 100,000,000 ordinary shares of £0.00000001 each credited as fully paid to rank pari passu with the existing ordinary shares. On 27 January 2015 all the ordinary shares were consolidated into 20 ordinary shares of £0.10 each, each share having the same rights and being subject to the same restrictions (except as to nominal value) as the existing ordinary shares of £0.00000001 each in the Company as set out in the Articles. On the same day the Company allotted and issued to its shareholder a further 299,999,980 ordinary shares of £0.10 each and at a premium of £2.00 each to rank pari passu with the existing ordinary shares of £0.10 each in the capital of the Company. In addition, the Company undertook a reduction of its share premium account by £500 million from £600 million to £100 million.
24. Net cash outflow from operating activities
| Year ended31 December2014 | Year ended31 December2013 |
£ million | £ million | |
Profit before tax | 120.4 | 134.1 |
Adjustments for: | ||
Finance costs | 25.7 | 18.3 |
Discontinued operations' cash flows | (1.1) | 0.7 |
Unrealised profit arising on changes in fair value of investments in project companies (note 13) | (168.3) | (147.8) |
Other gains (note 9) | - | (21.2) |
Depreciation of plant and equipment | 1.0 | 1.2 |
Amortisation of intangible assets | 0.5 | 1.6 |
Contribution to pension fund | (26.3) | (25.5) |
Increase/(decrease) in provisions | 1.9 | (1.5) |
Operating cash outflow before movements in working capital | (46.2) | (40.1) |
Decrease/(increase) in trade and other receivables | 0.5 | (5.9) |
Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables | 4.4 | (1.7) |
Net cash outflow from operating activities | (41.3) | (47.7) |
25. Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents to the Group Cash Flow Statement
31 December2014 | 31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Cash and cash equivalents in the Group Balance Sheet | 2.1 | 2.3 |
Cash and cash equivalents in classified as held for sale (note 12) | 0.1 | - |
Cash and cash equivalents in the Group Cash Flow Statement | 2.2 | 2.3 |
26. Guarantees, contingent assets and liabilities and other commitments
At 31 December 2014 the Group had future equity and loan commitments of £304.3 million (31 December 2013 - £166.7 million) in PPP and renewable energy projects backed by letters of credit of £243.8 million (31 December 2013 - £158.8 million) and collateralised cash of £60.5 million (31 December 2013 - £7.9 million).
As stated in note 20 a) the Company has provided guarantees in respect of certain PPP investments transferred to JLPF in settlement of prior annual contribution obligations. Guarantees are provided on to fund any cumulative shortfall in forecast yield payments from these PPP investments up until 2017, and the maximum exposure at 31 December 2014 was estimated to be £0.8 million (31 December 2013 - £2.6 million).
The Group has given guarantees to lenders of a normal trading nature, including performance bonds, some of which may be payable on demand.
Claims arise in the normal course of trading which in some cases involve or may involve litigation. Full provision has been made in these accounts for all amounts which the Directors consider will become payable on account of such claims.
The Group had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases for land and buildings, falling due as follows:
31 December2014 | 31 December2013 | |
Total | Total | |
£million | £million | |
Within one year | 1.7 | 1.7 |
In the second to fifth year inclusive | 6.4 | 5.6 |
After five years | 11.0 | 9.2 |
19.1 | 16.5 |
27. Transactions with related parties
Group
Details of transactions between the Group and its related parties are disclosed below.
Trading transactions
The Group entered into the following trading transactions with project companies:
Year ended31 December2014 | Year ended31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Services income* | 17.1 | 20.6 |
Amounts owed by project companies | 1.4 | 5.1 |
Amounts owed to project companies | (0.8) | (0.8) |
* services income is generated from project companies through facilities management contracts (until the sale of JLIS on 18 October 2013), management services agreements and recoveries of bid costs on financial close.
Investment transactions
Year ended 31 December2014 | Year ended 31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Net cash transferred from investments at FVTPL (note 13) | 56.0 | 39.5 |
|
Transactions with other related parties
In earlier years, the Group transferred ownership of certain interests in PPP investments to JLPF as partial consideration for agreed deficit reduction contributions. More details are set out in note 20.
There is an amount due at 31 December 2014 to the Group from the Company's parent undertaking of £1.6 million (2013 - £nil).
Remuneration of key management personnel
The remuneration of the Directors of John Laing Limited, who were the key management personnel of the Group for the period of the pro forma financial statements, is set out below in aggregate for each of the categories specified in IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures:
Year ended 31 December2014 | Year ended 31 December2013 | |
£ million | £ million | |
Cash basis | ||
Short-term employee benefits | 2.4 | 2.0 |
Post-employment benefits | 0.2 | 0.3 |
Termination benefits | 0.4 | - |
Cash payments under long-term incentive plans | 1.4 | 0.7 |
Social security costs | 0.6 | 0.4 |
5.0 | 3.4 | |
Award basis | ||
Short-term employee benefits | 2.3 | 2.1 |
Post-employment benefits | 0.2 | 0.3 |
Termination benefits | 0.4 | - |
Awards under long-term incentive plans | - | 0.8 |
Social security costs | 0.4 | 0.4 |
3.3 | 3.6 |
In addition to the above amounts, £0.1 million (31 December 2013 - £0.1 million) was paid to Nalon Management Services Limited, of which Phil Nolan is a director.
28. Events after balance sheet date
Events which have occurred after the balance sheet date and have had a significant impact on the basis of preparation of these pro forma financial statements are outlined in the basis of preparation section in note 2.
In February 2015 the Sydney Light Rail project reached financial close with a total investment commitment by the Group of £41 million.
No other events have occurred since Admission which would require disclosure or adjustment in these pro forma financial statements.
29. Disclosure - service concession arrangements
The Group's investments in project companies are disclosed within investments at FVTPL (see note 13). A number of these project companies are subject to service concession arrangements in the Social Infrastructure, Transport and Environmental sectors. The concessions vary as to the extent of their obligations but typically require the construction and operation of an asset during the concession period. The concessions may require the acquisition or replacement of an existing asset or the construction of a new asset. The operation of the assets may include the provision of major maintenance and facilities management services. Typically at the end of concession periods the assets are returned to the concession owner; however, on two of the investments held at 31 December 2014 the project company has a right to retain the concession asset.
The rights of the concession owner and concession operator are stated within the project agreements. The rights of the concession owner include provisions to terminate the concession for poor performance of the contract by the operator or in the event of force majeure. The rights of the operator to terminate include the failure of the provider to make payment under the agreement, a material breach of contract and relevant changes of law which would render it impossible for the operator to fulfil its requirements.
Details of the services concession arrangements in project companies as at 31 December 2014 are as follows:
Period of concession | ||||||||
Sector | Company name | Project name | % owned | Short description of concession arrangement | Start date | End date | No. of years | Obligations to property, plant and equipment |
Social Infrastructure | ||||||||
Hospitals | Alder Hey (Special Purpose Vehicle) Limited | Alder Hey in the Park | 40% | Design, build, finance and operate new hospital in Liverpool. | 01/07/2015 | 30/06/2045 | 30 | Construction of new hospital costing £167 million. |
Healthcare Support (Erdington) Limited | North Birmingham MHH | 100% | Design, build, finance and operate mental health facilities in Birmingham. | 15/08/2000 | 31/03/2037 | 37 | Refurbishment and construction at the All Saints & Highcroft Hospital costing £12 million. | |
SA Health Partnership Nominees Pty Limited | New Royal Adelaide Hospital | 17.26% | Design, build, finance and operate new hospital in Adelaide, South Australia. | 06/11/2011 | 05/06/2046 | 35 | Construction of new hospital costing AUD $1,850 million. | |
Justice and Emergency Services | Services Support (BTP) Limited | British Transport Police | 54.17% | Design, build, finance and operate one office and operate a further six BTP premises. | 26/03/1999 | 28/02/2022 | 23 | Construction costing £2 million. |
Services Support (Cleveland) Limited | Cleveland Firearms | 27.08% | Design, build, finance and operate firearms training facility in Cleveland. | 18/04/2000 | 31/03/2026 | 26 | Construction costing £6 million. | |
Securefuture Wiri Limited | Auckland South Corrections Facility | 30% | Design, build, finance and operate a 960 place prison at Wiri, South Auckland | 11/09/2012 | 17/05/2040 | 28 | Construction costing NZD $270 million. | |
Defence | Defence Support (St Athan) Limited | DARA Red Dragon | 100% | Design, build and finance aircraft maintenance facilities at RAF St. Athan. | 01/08/2003 | 17/12/2019 | 16 | Construction costing £89 million. |
Regeneration | Inspiral Oldham Limited | Oldham Housing | 95% | Refurbish, finance and operate social housing in Oldham. | 30/11/2011 | 30/11/2036 | 25 | Construction costing £68.1 million. |
Regenter Myatts Field North Limited | Lambeth Housing | 50% | Build and refurbish, finance and operate social housing in Lambeth. | 04/05/2012 | 04/05/2037 | 25 | Construction costing £72.6 million. | |
Sports facility
| Westadium Project Co Pty Limited | New Perth Stadium | 50% | Design, build, finance, maintenance and operation of the new Perth Stadium in Western Australia. | 21/08/2014 | 31/12/2042 | 28 | Total expenditure of AUD $1.0 billion.
|
Transport | ||||||||
Roads | CountyRoute (A130) plc | A130 | 100% | Design, build, finance and operate the A130 bypass linking the A12 and A127 in Essex. | 01/02/2000 | 31/01/2030 | 30 | New build at a cost of £76 million. |
Gdansk Transport Company SA | A1 Gdansk Poland | 29.69% | Design, build, finance and operate the A1 Motorway in Poland in two phases.
| 31/08/2004 | 24/08/2039 | 35 | New build at a cost of €651 million for phase 1 and €900 million for phase 2. | |
I-4 Mobility Partners Op Co LLC | I-4 Ultimate | 50% | Design, build, finance and operate 21 miles of the I-4 Interstate in Florida, USA | 04/09/2014 | 03/09/2054 | 40 | New build at a cost of USD $2.32 billion | |
Severn River Crossing Plc | Severn River Crossing | 35% | Design, build, finance and operate a second crossing over the Severn River plus operate and maintain existing crossing. | 26/04/1992 | No later than 26/04/2022 | The earlier of 30 years or until a pre-determined level of revenue achieved | Cost approximately £320 million. | |
MAK Mecsek Autopalya Koncesszios Zrt. | M6 Hungary | 30% | Design, construction, refurbishment, operation, maintenance and financing of 48 km section of M6 expressway and 32 km of M60 expressway. | 01/04/2010 | 31/10/2037 | 28 | Build and maintain new expressways at a cost of €886 million. | |
UK Highways A55 Limited | A55 | 50% | Design, build, finance and operate the A55, a trunk road running across the island of Anglesey. | 16/12/1998 | 15/12/2028 | 30 | Build new trunk road and maintain existing Menai and Britannia bridges at a cost of £102 million. | |
A1 Mobil GmbH & Co. KG | A1 Germany | 42.5% | Construct and operate the A1 Autobahn between Bremen and Hamburg in Germany. | 04/08/2008 | 31/08/2038 | 30 | New build at a cost of €417.1 million. | |
A-Lanes A15 B.V. | A15 Netherlands | 28% | Design, build, finance and maintain the A15 highway south of Rotterdam (about 40 km). | 04/01/2010 | 03/01/2028 | 25 | Extension of road at construction value of €727 million. Maintenance for 20 years costing in total €204 million (real). | |
Dhule Palesner Tollway Limited | NH3 Road India | 36% | Design, engineering, finance, construction, development, operation and maintenance of a 96.5 km four-lane highway from Maharashtra-Madhya Pradesh Border to Dhule section of the National Highway 3. | 04/01/2010 | 03/01/2028 | 18 | Build and maintain highway at a cost of INR 1,415 Cr (c£200 million). | |
East West Connect 4 PTY Limited | East West Link | 30% | Design, construction, finance and operation of a new freeway standard road link in Melbourne. | 03/10/2014 | 03/01/2045 | 30 | Construction cost of AUD $5.3 billion | |
Rail | City Greenwich Lewisham Rail Link plc | City Greenwich Lewisham (DLR) | 52% | Construction and operation of infrastructure on Lewisham extension of the Docklands Light Railway (DLR). | 01/10/1996 | 31/03/2021 | 25 | Build 4.2 km extension of the DLR from Isle of Dogs to Lewisham, including boring of tunnels beneath the Thames at a cost of £205 million. |
Aylesbury Vale Parkway Limited
| Aylesbury Vale Parkway
| 50% | Construction and operation of the Aylesbury Vale Parkway Station.
| 17/08/2007 | 13/12/2028 | 21 | Construction costing £15.5 million (of which £11.0 million Council-funded) and maintenance over 20 years. | |
John Laing Rail Infrastructure Limited
| Coleshill Parkway
| 100% | Construction and operation of the Coleshill Parkway Station.
| 10/03/2006 | 18/08/2027 | 21 | Construction costing £7.1 million (of which £5 million Council-funded) and maintenance over 20 years. | |
Denver Transit Partners LLC
| Denver Eagle P3
| 45% | Design, build, finance, maintenance and operation of passenger rail systems in Denver, Colorado.
| 12/08/2010 | 31/12/2044 | 34 | Construction costing US$1.27 billion consisting of 35 miles of commuter train lines including a commuter rail maintenance facility and rail cars. | |
Agility Trains West Limited
| IEP (Phase 1)
| 24% | Delivery and maintenance of intercity train services on the Great Western Main Line (UK) using a fleet of new Super Express Trains and maintenance facilities. | 25/01/2012 | 28/11/2044 | 33 | Construction costing £1.8 billion over 6 years and maintenance costing £65 million per annum over 27.5 years. | |
Agility Trains East Limited
| IEP (Phase 2)
| 30% | Delivery and maintenance of intercity train services on the East Coast Main Line (UK) using a fleet of new Super Express Trains and maintenance facilities. | 15/04/2014 | 22/02/2046 | 32 | Construction costing £1.6 billion over 6 years and maintenance costing £77 million per annum over 27.5 years. | |
NGR Project Company Pty Limited
| New Generation Rollingstock
| 40% | Provision and maintenance of 75 new six-car trains for Queensland Rail, Australia. | 14/01/2014 | 15/01/2046 | 32 | Construction phase costing AUD $1.8 billion. | |
Street Lighting
| Croydon and Lewisham Lighting Services Limited | Croydon & Lewisham Street Lighting
| 50% | Installation and maintenance of street lighting. | 19/04/2011 | 31/07/2036 | 25 | Replacement column programme costing £74.2 million. |
Environmental | ||||||||
Waste
| INEOS Runcorn (TPS) Limited
| Manchester Waste TPS Co
| 37.43% | Design, build, finance and operate a waste CHP plant in Runcorn. | 08/04/2009 | 07/04/2034 | 25 | New waste CHP plant construction costing £233 million. |
Viridor Laing (Greater Manchester) Limited
| Manchester Waste VL Co
| 50% | Design, build and commission 42 facilities comprising waste processing and recycling services in the Greater Manchester area. | 08/04/2009 | 07/04/2034 | 25 | New waste processing facilities with construction costing £401 million.
|
30. Principal investments and group service companies
Consolidated subsidiaries | |
John Laing Projects & Developments Limited | Laing Investments Management Services Limited |
Property management company | Management, staff and administrative services |
John Laing Services Limited | Laing Investments Management Services (Canada) Limited |
Management of retained construction liabilities | Management, staff and administrative services |
- operating in Canada | |
John Laing Capital Management Limited | Laing Investments Management Services (Singapore) Limited |
Investment management company | Management, staff and administrative services |
Laing Investments Management Services (Australia) Limited | Laing Investments Management Services (Netherlands) Limited |
Management, staff and administrative services | Management, staff and administrative services |
- operating in Australia | - operating in the Netherlands |
John Laing (USA) Limited | Laing Investments Management Services (New Zealand) Limited |
Management, staff and administrative services | Management, staff and administrative services |
- operating in the USA | - operating in New Zealand |
Investment entity subsidiaries | |
United Kingdom | |
John Laing Limited (previously John Laing plc) | John Laing Holdco Limited (previously Henderson Infrastructure Holdco Limited) |
Holding company for investments | Holding company for investments |
John Laing Investments Limited | John Laing Projects & Developments (Holdings) Limited |
Holding company for investments | Holding company for rail related assets and property developments |
John Laing Investments Overseas Holdings Limited | John Laing Projects & Developments (Croydon) Limited |
Holding company for overseas investments | Holding company for Croydon property developments |
John Laing Social Infrastructure Limited | Laing Investment Company Limited |
Holding company for accommodation investments | Property development company |
Laing Property Limited | John Laing Infrastructure Limited |
Holding company for property development company | Holding company for roads investments |
Croydon PSDH Holdco Limited | Croydon PSDH Holdco 2 Limited |
Holding company for PPP accommodation operator | Holding company for PPP accommodation operator |
John Laing Cambridge Limited | John Laing Investments New Zealand Holdings Limited |
Holding company for property development company | Holding company for investments in New Zealand |
Overseas | |
John Laing Investments Perth Stadium BV | John Laing Investments NRAH BV |
Holding company for investment | Holding company for investment |
John Laing Investments NGR BV Holding company for investment | John Laing I-4 Holdco Corp Holding company for investment |
John Laing Investments Netherlands Holdings BV | John Laing Investments East West Link BV |
Holding company for overseas investments | Holding company for investment |
Project companies | |
United Kingdom | |
Agility Trains West Limited | Inspiral Oldham Limited |
Ordinary shares of £1 (24%) | Ordinary shares of £1 (95%) |
Delivery of intercity train services | PPP accommodation operator |
Financial year end 31 March | |
John Laing (Croydon Development Company) LLP | |
Agility Trains East Limited | PPP accommodation operator |
Ordinary shares of £1 (30%) | |
Delivery of intercity train services | John Laing Rail Infrastructure Limited |
Financial year end 31 March | Development and operation of rail infrastructure assets |
Alder Hey (Special Purpose Vehicle) Limited | Laing/Gladedale (Hastings) Limited |
Ordinary shares of £1 (40%) | Ordinary shares of £1 (50%) |
PPP accommodation operator | Property development company |
Aylesbury Vale Parkway Limited | Laing/Gladedale (St Saviours) Limited |
Ordinary shares of £1 (50%) | Ordinary shares of £1 (50%) |
Development and operation of rail infrastructure assets | Property development company |
BL Wind Limited | New Albion Wind Ltd |
Renewable energy developer | Renewable energy developer |
Branden Solar Parks Limited | Regenter Myatts Field North Limited |
Renewable energy developer | Ordinary shares of £1 (50%) |
PPP accommodation operator | |
Carscreugh Renewable Energy Park | |
Renewable energy developer | Services Support (BTP) Limited |
Ordinary shares of £1 (54.17%) | |
City Greenwich Lewisham Rail Link plc | PPP accommodation operator |
Ordinary shares of £1 (52%) | |
Light rail concession operator | Services Support (Cleveland) Limited |
Ordinary shares of £1 (27.08%) | |
CountyRoute (A130) Plc | PPP accommodation operator |
Road concession operator | |
Severn River Crossing Plc | |
Croydon and Lewisham Lighting Services Limited | Ordinary shares of £1 (35%) |
Ordinary shares of £1 (50%) | Toll bridge concessionaire |
Street lighting concession operator | |
Speyside Renewable Energy Partnership Hold Co Limited | |
CCURV LLP | Ordinary B shares of £0.001 (23.43%) |
Limited Liability Partnership (50%) | Renewable energy developer |
Property development | |
UK Highways A55 Limited | |
Dreachmhor Wind Farm Limited | Ordinary shares of £1 (50%) |
Renewable energy developer | Road concession operator |
Financial year end 31 March | |
Defence Support (St Athan) Limited | |
PPP accommodation operator | UK Highways Limited |
Ordinary shares of £1 (25 pence paid up) (50%) | |
Forum Cambridge LLP | Management of road concession operator |
Limited Liability Partnership (50%) | Financial year end 31 March |
Project development | |
Viridor Laing (Greater Manchester) Limited | |
Healthcare Support (Erdington) Limited | Ordinary shares of £1 (50%) |
PPP accommodation operator | PPP waste management operator |
INEOS Runcorn (TPS) Limited | Wear Point Wind Limited |
Ordinary shares of £1 (37.43%) | Ordinary shares of £1 |
PPP waste management operator | Renewable energy developer |
Overseas | |
A1 Mobil GmbH & Co. KG | MAK Mecsek Autopalya Koncesszios Zrt. |
Shares of €1 (42.5%) | A series ordinary shares €100 (30%) |
Road concession operator - operating in Germany | Road concession operator - operating in Hungary |
A-Lanes A15 B.V. | SA Health Partnership Nominees Pty Limited |
Shares of €1 (28%) | Shares of AUD 1 (17.26%) |
PPP road concession operator - operating in the Netherlands | Hospital concession operator - operating in Australia |
Denver Transit Partners LLC | Securefuture Wiri Limited |
Limited Liability Corporation (45%) | Shares of NZD 1 (30%) |
PPP rail concession operator - operating in the USA | PPP accommodation operator - operating in New Zealand |
Dhule Palesner Tollway Limited | SPC Management Services B.V. |
Ordinary shares of 10 rupees each (36%) | Shares of €1 (33.33%) |
Road concession operator - operating in India | Management services to projects in the Netherlands |
Gdansk Transport Company SA | Rammeldalsberget Vindkraft AB |
B series shares PLN10 each (29.69%) | Renewable energy developer in Sweden |
C series shares PLN10 each (29.69%) | |
Road concession operator - operating in Poland | Svartvallsberget SPW AB |
Renewable energy developer in Sweden | |
I-4 Mobility Partners Op Co LLC | |
Limited Liability Corporation (50%) | Westadium Project Co Pty Limited |
Road concession operator - operating in the USA | Stadium concession operator - operating in Australia |
NGR Project Company Pty Limited | |
Shares of AUD 1 (40%) | |
Delivery of train services - operating in Australia | |
Listed investments | |
John Laing Environmental Assets Group Limited | |
Ordinary shares of 0.01pence (39.7%) | |
Registered in Guernsey | |
Financial year end 31 March |
Except where indicated, all companies are wholly owned, have 31 December year ends, are incorporated in Great Britain and registered in England and Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland, and operate mainly in the country of incorporation.
The statutory financial statements of John Laing Group plc (Company-only) are presented below:
Company Income Statement
for the year ended 31 December 2014
Notes | Year ended31 December 2014 | Year ended31 December 2013 (Restated)* | |
£ | £ | ||
Interest income | 5 | 3 | |
Net loss on investments at fair value through profit or loss | - | - | |
Operating income | 5 | 3 | |
Administrative expenses | (28) | - | |
(Loss)/profit before tax | 3 | (23) | 3 |
Tax credit/(charge) | 4 | - | - |
(Loss)/profit for the year | (23) | 3 |
*All comparative information, including relevant notes, has been restated to reflect that the Company has transitioned to IFRS and undertaken adoption of Investment Entities (Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27). Refer to note 2(a) for details.
All results are derived from continuing operations.
There are no items of Other Comprehensive Income in either the current or preceding year, and therefore no separate Statement of Comprehensive Income has been presented.
Reconciliation of Company Income Statement
for the year ended 31 December 2013
Notes | UK GAAP as previously reported | IFRS adjustments | IFRS | |
£ | £ | £ | ||
Year ended 31 December 2013 | ||||
Interest income | 3 | - | 3 | |
Profit before tax | 3 | - | 3 | |
Tax credit/(charge) | 4 | - | - | - |
Profit for the year | 3 | - | 3 | |
Company Balance Sheet
as at 31 December 2014
Notes | At 31 December 2014 | At 31 December 2013 Restated* | At 1 January 2013 Restated* | |
£ | £ | |||
Non-current assets | ||||
Investments at fair value through profit or loss | 5 | - | - | - |
Total non-current assets | - | - | - | |
Current assets | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 1,077 | 1,100 | 1,097 | |
Total current assets | 1,077 | 1,100 | 1,097 | |
Total assets | 1,077 | 1,100 | 1,097 | |
Current liabilities | ||||
Loans and borrowings | 6 | (1,000) | (1,000) | (1,000) |
Total current liabilities | (1,000) | (1,000) | (1,000) | |
|
|
| ||
Total liabilities | (1,000) | (1,000) | (1,000) | |
Net assets | 77 | 100 | 97 | |
Equity | ||||
Share capital | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Retained earnings | 8 | 76 | 99 | 96 |
Total equity | 77 | 100 | 97 |
*All comparative information, including relevant notes, has been restated to reflect that the Company has transitioned to IFRS and adopted Investment Entities (Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27). Refer to note 2(a) for details.
The statutory financial statements of John Laing Group plc, registered number 5975300, were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 24 March 2015. They were signed on its behalf by:
Patrick O'D Bourke
Director
24 March 2015
Reconciliation of Company Balance Sheet
as at 31 December 2013
Notes | UK GAAP as previously reported | IFRS adjustments | IFRS | |
£ | £ | |||
Non-current assets | ||||
Investments at fair value through profit or loss | 5 | 1 | (1) | - |
Total non-current assets | 1 | (1) | - | |
Current assets | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 1,100 | - | 1,100 | |
Total current assets | 1,100 | - | 1,100 | |
Total assets | 1,101 | (1) | 1,100 | |
Current liabilities | ||||
Loans and borrowings | 6 | (1,000) | - | (1,000) |
Total current liabilities | (1,000) | - | (1,000) | |
|
|
| ||
Total liabilities | (1,000) | - | (1,000) | |
Net assets | 101 | (1) | 100 | |
Equity | ||||
Share capital | 7 | 1 | - | 1 |
Retained earnings | 8 | 100 | (1) | 99 |
Total equity | 101 | (1) | 100 |
Reconciliation of Company Balance Sheet
as at 1 January 2013
Notes | UK GAAP as previously reported | IFRS adjustments | IFRS | |
£ | £ | |||
Non-current assets | ||||
Investments at fair value through profit or loss | 5 | 1 | (1) | - |
Total non-current assets | 1 | (1) | - | |
Current assets | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 1,097 | - | 1,097 | |
Total current assets | 1,097 | - | 1,097 | |
Total assets | 1,098 | (1) | 1,097 | |
Current liabilities | ||||
Loans and borrowings | 6 | (1,000) | - | (1,000) |
Total current liabilities | (1,000) | - | (1,000) | |
|
|
| ||
Total liabilities | (1,000) | - | (1,000) | |
Net assets | 98 | (1) | 97 | |
Equity | ||||
Share capital | 7 | 1 | - | 1 |
Retained earnings | 8 | 97 | (1) | 96 |
Total equity | 98 | (1) | 97 |
Company Statement of Changes in Equity
for the year ended 31 December 2014
Share capital | Retained earnings/ accumulated loss | Total equity/(deficit) | |
£ | £ | £ | |
Restated balance at 1 January 2014* | 1 | 99 | 100 |
Loss for the year | - | (23) | (23) |
Total comprehensive loss for the year | - | (23) | (23) |
Balance at 31 December 2014 | 1 | 76 | 77 |
Balance at 1 January 2013 as previously stated | 1 | 97 | 98 |
Effect of restatement | - | (1) | (1) |
Restated balance at 1 January 2013 | 1 | 96 | 97 |
Profit for the year | - | 3 | 3 |
Total comprehensive income for the year | - | 3 | 3 |
|
|
| |
Restated balance at 31 December 2013 | 1 | 99 | 100 |
*All comparative information, including relevant notes, has been restated to reflect that the Company has transitioned to IFRS and adopted Investment Entities (Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27). Refer to note 2(a) for details.
Company Cash Flow Statement
for the year ended 31 December 2014
Year ended 31 December 2014 | Year ended 31 December 2013 (Restated) | Year ended 31 December 2012 (Restated) | ||
£ | £ | £ | ||
(Loss) /profit before tax | (23) | 3 | 2 | |
Adjustments for: | ||||
Net loss on investments at fair value through profit or loss | - | - | 1 | |
|
|
| ||
Net cash (outflow)/inflow from operating activities | (23) | 3 | 3 | |
|
|
| ||
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents | (23) | 3 | 3 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year | 1,100 | 1,097 | 1,094 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year | 1,077 | 1,100 | 1,097 | |
*All comparative information, including relevant notes, has been restated to reflect that the Company has transitioned to IFRS and adopted Investment Entities (Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27). Refer to note 2(a) for details.
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and short-term bank deposits with an original maturity of three months or less. The carrying amount of these assets is approximately equal to their fair value.
Notes to the Financial Statements
1. General information
John Laing Group plc (the Company) (formerly Henderson Infrastructure Holdco (UK) Limited) is a limited company incorporated in England. At 31 December 2014, the Company was wholly owned by Henderson Infrastructure Holdco (Jersey) Limited (HIHJ), a company incorporated in Jersey, Channel Islands. The principal activity of the Company is that of an investment holding company.
The Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the EU. These are the Company's first financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS.
At 31 December 2014 the Company owned 22.46% of John Laing Holdco Limited (formerly Henderson Infrastructure Holdco Limited - HIH). The remaining 77.54% was owned by HIHJ.
2. Accounting policies
a) Basis of accounting
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS and the adoption of Investment Entities (Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27) as endorsed by the EU.
The Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (UK GAAP). For the year ended 31 December 2014, the Company has adopted IFRS and reports its financial statements under IFRS for the first time. IFRS 1 requires that at least one year of comparative prior period financial information is presented. The Company has prepared financial statements which comply with IFRS applicable for the periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013. The Company has started from an opening balance sheet as at 1 January 2013, the date of transition to IFRS, and made those changes in accounting policies and other restatements required by IFRS 1 for the first time adoption of IFRS.
The Company meets the definition of an Investment Entity under IFRS 10 and as such the Company has adopted Investment Entities (Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27). These amendments, endorsed by the EU on 20 November 2013, are effective from 1 January 2014. As a result of adopting the amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27, the Company has not prepared consolidated financial statements and instead recognises its investment at fair value through profit or loss rather than at book value.
A summary of the principal accounting policies adopted by the Directors, which have been applied consistently throughout the current and preceding period, is shown below.
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except that the following assets and liabilities are stated at their fair values: financial instruments and financial assets classified at their fair value through profit or loss. The principal accounting policies are set below.
(i) Investment Entities (Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27)
The Directors determined that the Company meets the definition of an investment entity and adopted the amendments to IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements, IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities and IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements which are effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2014.
In order to reach this conclusion, the Directors gave consideration to and agreed that the Company meets the following key characteristics of an investment entity:
a) The Company invests solely for the purpose of capital appreciation, investment income, or both;
b) The Company does not plan to hold its investments indefinitely; it holds them for a limited period, and
c) The Company measures and evaluates the performance of its investment on a fair value basis.
Following the adoption of the amendments and determination that the Company is an Investment Entity, the Company recognises its investment at fair value through profit or loss.
The amendments are effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2014.
The impact of adopting Investment Entities (Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27) is the recognition of investments at fair value through profit or loss as opposed to net book value.
(ii) Investments
Under UK GAAP fixed asset investments were shown at cost less provision for impairment. Income from investments was included in the profit and loss account as declared. IFRS 10 requires the Company to measure its interest in investments at fair value with gains and losses on measurement of investments accounted for through profit or loss.
b) Going concern
Having reviewed the Company's investment portfolio including associated future cash requirements and forecast receipts, the Directors are satisfied that they have a reasonable expectation that the Company will have access to adequate resources to continue in existence for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.
c) Revenue recognition
(i) Interest income
Interest income is recognised on an accruals basis.
(ii) Gains or losses on investments at fair value through profit or loss
Gains or losses that arise from the movement in the fair value of investments are presented separately from interest income and dividend income above.
d) Taxation
The tax charge or credit represents the sum of tax currently payable and deferred tax.
Current tax
Current tax payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the Income Statement because it excludes both items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted, or substantively enacted, by the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences arising from investments in project companies, except where the Company is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities in project companies reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited to the Income Statement except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Company intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.
e) Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised on the Balance Sheet when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets are derecognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the instrument expire or the asset is transferred and the transfer qualifies for derecognition in accordance with IAS 39 'Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement' and IFRS13 'Fair Value Measurement'.
i) Financial assets
The Company classifies its financial assets in the following categories: fair value through profit or loss and loans and receivables. The classification depends on the purpose for which the financial assets were acquired. The Company determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition.
a) Investments at fair value through profit or loss
Investments at fair value through profit or loss are designated upon initial recognition as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. Subsequent to initial recognition, investments are measured on a combined basis at fair value with changes recognised within operating income in the Income Statement.
b) Loans and receivables
The Company's loans and receivables comprise cash and cash equivalents and are recorded at amortised cost.
ii) Financial liabilities and equity
Debt and equity instruments are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement.
a) Equity instruments - share capital
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or associated with the establishment of the Company that would otherwise have been avoided are written off against the balance of the share premium account.
b) Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are classified as other financial liabilities, comprising loans and borrowings which are recognised at fair value of the consideration received.
iii) Fair value estimation
The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in active markets is derived in one of two ways:
a) Investments at fair value through profit or loss
The value of the Company's investment in John Laing Holdco Limited is measured as the fair value of the assets and liabilities of that company. As a result of the fair value of the loan from John Laing Holdco Limited's ultimate parent undertaking at 31 December 2014 being in excess of the fair value of its assets the Company's investment has been valued at nil.
b) Loans and receivables, borrowings and payables
Loans and borrowings are held at amortised cost that approximate to their fair values.
3. (Loss)/ profit before tax
The (loss)/profit before tax is attributable to the principal activity of the Company, all of which was carried out in the United Kingdom.
The Company had no employees other than Directors for the current year or preceding period. There was no Directors' remuneration for the year or preceding period.
The fees payable to the Company's auditor for the audit of the Company's annual accounts were £6,249 (31 December 2013 - £6,067).
4. Tax
Year ended 31 December2014 | Year ended31 December2013 | |
£ | £ | |
(Loss)/profit on ordinary activities before taxation | (23) | 3 |
(Loss)/profit on ordinary activities multiplied by the blended rate of corporation tax in the UK of 21.5% (2013 - 23.25%, 2012 - 24.5%) | 5 | (1) |
Effect of: | ||
Origination and reversal of timing differences | (5) | 1 |
Total tax credit/(charge) for the year | - | - |
The Finance Act 2013 was enacted on 17 July 2013 implementing a reduction in the main UK corporation tax rate from 24% to 23% effective from 1 April 2013, with a further deduction of 2% to 21% from 1 April 2014 and to 20% from 1 April 2015.
5. Investments at fair value through profit or loss
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |
£ | £ | £ | |
Investments at fair value through profit or loss* | - | - | - |
- | - | - | |
* Net loss on investments at fair value through profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 2014 is £nil (2013: £nil; 2012: £1).
Details of investments recognised at fair value through profit or loss are as follows:
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |
Investments | Equity | Equity | Equity |
Shareholding in John Laing Holdco Limited | 22.46% | 22.46% | 22.46% |
John Laing Holdco Limited is incorporated in the United Kingdom.
6. Loans and borrowings
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |
£ | £ | £ | |
Loan from Parent Company | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
The loan from the Company's ultimate parent undertaking, Henderson Infrastructure Holdco (Jersey) Limited, is interest-free and repayable on demand.
7. Share capital
2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |
£ | £ | £ | |
|
|
| |
Issued and fully paid 100,000,000 ordinary shares at 0.000001 pence each | 1 | 1 | 1 |
8. Retained earnings
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 |
£ | £ | £ | |
Opening balance | 99 | 96 | 94 |
Net (loss)/profit for the year | (23) | 3 | 2 |
Closing balance | 76 | 99 | 96 |
9. Financial instruments
Capital risk management
Capital management
The Company manages its capital to ensure that it is able to continue as a going concern while maximising the return to its shareholder through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance. The Company's overall strategy remains unchanged from 2013. The capital structure of the Company consists of cash and cash equivalents less loans and borrowings and equity attributable to equity holders of the parent, comprising issued capital and retained earnings as disclosed in notes 7 and 8.
Financial risk management
The Directors have assessed for each financial asset and liability: interest rate risk, liquidity risk and credit risk exposure.
Interest rate risk
The Company is not exposed to significant interest rate risk as it does not have any external borrowings. The Company's inter-company borrowing is interest free and is therefore not exposed to cash flow interest rate risks.
Liquidity risk
The Company has limited operating expenses. The Company's expenses, comprising audit fees, are borne by John Laing Holdco Limited, a fellow group company. The costs are not recharged back to the Company. At 31 December 2014 the Company had an interest-free loan from HIHJ of £1,000 which was repayable on demand. The Company had a cash balance of £1,077 as at 31 December 2014, sufficient to repay the loan if required to do so.
Credit risk
Credit exposure of the Company's financial assets is reduced by stringent selection procedures for any external counterparties with which the Company transacts.
Given that, the Board does not consider it appropriate to present a detailed analysis of credit risk.
Capital risk
The Company's capital structure comprises its equity only. As at 31 December 2014 the Company had no debt other than an interest-free loan from its parent (2013 - £nil).
Financial instruments by category: | Loans and receivables | Financial liabilities at amortised cost | Total |
£ | £ | £ | |
31 December 2014 | |||
Non-current assets | |||
Investments at fair value through profit or loss (Level 3) | - | - | - |
Current assets | |||
Cash and cash equivalents | 1,077 | - | 1,077 |
Total financial assets | 1,077 | - | 1,077 |
Loans and borrowings | - | (1,000) | (1,000) |
Total financial liabilities | - | (1,000) | (1,000) |
|
|
| |
Net financial instruments | 1,077 | (1,000) | 77 |
31 December 2013 - Restated | |||
Non-current assets | |||
Investments at fair value through profit or loss (Level 3) | - | - | - |
Current assets | |||
Cash and cash equivalents | 1,100 | - | 1,100 |
Total financial assets | 1,100 | - | 1,100 |
Loans and borrowings | - | (1,000) | (1,000) |
Total financial liabilities | - | (1,000) | (1,000) |
|
|
| |
Net financial instruments | 1,100 | (1,000) | 100 |
31 December 2012 - Restated | |||
Non-current assets | |||
Investments at fair value through profit or loss (Level 3) | - | - | - |
Current assets | |||
Cash and cash equivalents | 1,097 | - | 1,097 |
Total financial assets | 1,097 | - | 1,097 |
Loans and borrowings | - | (1,000) | (1,000) |
Total financial liabilities | - | (1,000) | (1,000) |
|
|
| |
Net financial instruments | 1,097 | (1,000) | 97 |
10. Guarantees and other commitments
As at 31 December 2014 the Company had no commitments (2013 and 2012: no commitments).
11. Post balance sheet events
On 17 February 2015, the Company's ordinary shares were admitted to listing on the London Stock Exchange, following a restructuring which resulted in the Company owning 100% of John Laing Holdco Limited and becoming the holding company for the John Laing group of companies. As part of this restructuring the Company was renamed John Laing Group plc.
Between 31 December 2014 and 17 February 2015, the following restructuring occurred and became effective on or prior to 17 February 2015:
· On 27 January 2015, the Company acquired 77.54% of the issued share capital of HIH from HIHJ for a consideration of £1. This increased the Company's shareholding in HIH to 100%.
· On 27 January 2015, HIHJ waived £357.3 million of the loan of £987.3 million due from HIH.
· On 27 January 2015, HIHJ assigned the balance of the loan of £630.0 million to the Company in return for a consideration of 299,999,980 ordinary shares of £0.10 issued by the Company at a premium of £2.00 each.
· On 27 January 2015, the Company undertook a reduction of its share premium account by £500 million to £100 million.
· On the same date, the loan to HIH was discharged in full by the issue to the Company of 630,000,000 ordinary shares of £0.000001 each in the share capital of John Laing Holdco Limited, fully paid and at a premium of £0.999999 each.
· On 17 February 2015, the legal ownership of certain Service Companies in the HIH group was transferred to the Company.
Following the above transactions, the ordinary share capital of the Company comprised 300 million ordinary shares of £0.10 each held by HIHJ prior to Admission. On 17 February 2015, the Company issued a further 66.92 million ordinary shares in connection with its IPO.
12. Ultimate parent undertaking
At 31 December 2014, the Company's immediate and ultimate parent company was Henderson Infrastructure Holdco (Jersey) Limited, a company incorporated in Jersey, Channel Islands.
Related Shares:
JLG.L