Final Results

29 May 2025

Rockhopper Exploration plc

("Rockhopper", the "Group" or the "Company")

Full-Year Results for the Year Ended 31 December 2024

Rockhopper Exploration plc (AIM: RKH), the oil and gas exploration and production company with key interests in the North Falkland Basin, is pleased to announce its audited results for the year ended 31 December 2024.

2024 AND POST PERIOD HIGHLIGHTS

Sea Lion Development

Financing

· Lead technical and lending bank mandate signed

· Financing plan now includes senior bank debt

· Positive initial feedback from potential providers of capital to the financing

· New timing for Final Investment Decision ("FID") expected H2 2025 to allow for bank to complete due diligence ("DD")

Resources

· Updated independent report commissioned by Navitas*

o  Gross 917 mmbbls 2C with additional upside (Rockhopper 35% working interest)

o  Phased development

o  5 phases

o  2 FPSOs

o  First 2 phases developed via a single FPSO with 2 drilling campaigns

· Rockhopper commissioned independent resource update to be published shortly

Corporate and Financial

· US$20.9 million cash and term deposits at 31 December 2024

· Share Purchase Agreement ("SPA") signed to dispose of Italian business

o  Awaiting consents from Falkland Islands Government ("FIG") and the Italian regulators

· Cost control remains a focus

Ombrina Mare Arbitration Award

· No outcome of annulment to date

· Monetisation of the Award with a regulated specialist fund ("Specialist Fund")

o  Completion and First Tranche payment received, €19 million retained

o  If successful in defending annulment, Second Tranche payment of €65 million due from Specialist Fund

· Insurance in place to ensure minimum of €31 million even in the event of annulment

Sam Moody, Chief Executive of Rockhopper Exploration, commented:

"This has been a very important period for Rockhopper and an exciting time for the Company and its shareholders as we continue to work with operator Navitas in moving the Sea Lion project towards FID. With work on financing for the development beginning to gather pace and continued progress on the technical side, we look forward to providing the market with further updates."

* Rockhopper is not an addressee and has not been party to the production of the March 2025 NSAI Independent Report. The March 2025 NSAI Independent Report has been produced to PRMS standards. The last independent resource report commissioned directly by Rockhopper was the ERCE 2016 Report which had an estimated 2C value of 517 mmbbls. Rockhopper has commissioned it's own independent resource update to be published shortly

Enquiries:

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Sam Moody, Chief Executive Officer

Tel. +44 (0)20 7390 0234 (via Vigo Consulting)

Canaccord Genuity Limited (NOMAD and Joint Broker)

Henry Fitzgerald-O'Connor/James Asensio/Charlie Hammond

Tel. +44 (0) 20 7523 8000

Peel Hunt LLP (Joint Broker)

Richard Crichton/Georgia Langoulant

Tel. +44 (0) 20 7418 8900

Vigo Consulting

Patrick d'Ancona/Ben Simons/Fiona Hetherington

Tel. +44 (0) 20 7390 0234

Note regarding financial information disclosure

The financial information set out below does not constitute the Group's statutory accounts for the year ended 31 December 2024, but is derived from those accounts. References within the document may refer to information in the statutory accounts and these will be sent to shareholders and published on the Company's website imminently.

CHAIR AND CEO REVIEW

Sea Lion

The period under review and subsequently has seen the most material positive development to date in relation to the potential Sea Lion development financing. A mandate has been signed by the Operator with a well known international lead technical lending bank with expertise in lending to oil and gas projects.   The Operator has indicated it is currently envisioned that the bank will cornerstone the project financing with additional capital provided by a number of other investors. We understand that initial discussions with these potential providers of capital have been positive.

The target is for that bank financing to be completed within 6 months, with FID now anticipated in H2 2025, giving the necessary time for the lead bank to complete all technical, regulatory and other due diligence and for the wider financing scheme to be completed. 

A number of LOIs, MOUs and contracts have been signed relating to the project, including for the provision of an FPSO along with various key pieces of subsea infrastructure. Discussions are also currently ongoing for the provision of a suitable drilling unit.

The Operator continues to work closely with FIG to secure all required consents which Rockhopper believes will be forthcoming in a timescale allowing formal FID in H2 of 2025. In the light of the positive developments on the financing, and in order to provide the most stable platform for that financing to be completed, the existing reciprocal pre-emption right contained within the Joint Operating Agreement ('JOA') that operates at the asset level, has been extended to cover a corporate change of control. That pre-emptive right, which is reciprocal between Navitas and Rockhopper, will last until the earlier of formal project sanction or 31 December 2025.

Sea Lion - Key Information

· Rockhopper holds a 35% working interest

· Rockhopper benefits from pre and post FID loan from the Operator Navitas 1

· Independent Resource Report commissioned by Navitas 2

· 2C Contingent Resources (Development Pending) phased development concept for the Sea Lion field:

· 64 wells to develop the full 730 mmbbls

· Phased development

§ Northern Area

· 1st Phase - 11 wells, 6 pre-drilled 170 mmbbls

· 2nd Phase - 12 wells. 149 mmbbls

· 3rd Phase - 16 wells, 95 mmbbls

§ Central Area

· 1st Phase - 12 wells, 212 mmbbls

· 2nd Phase - 13 wells. 102 mmbbls

· Northern Area Phase 1 + Phase 2 total barrels developed, 319 mmbbls

· Total barrels developed (all phases) 730 mmbbls3

· Northern AreaPhase 1 + Phase 2 peak production rate 55,000 bbls/day, increasing up to 150,000 bbls/day once all phases have been developed

· Pre first oil capex (Phase 1 only) US$1.4bn

· Production breakeven approximately US$24 per barrel (Phase1, 2 and 3)

1 The majority of Rockhopper's share of Sea Lion phase one related costs up to FID will be funded through a loan from Navitas with interest charged at 8% per annum (the "Pre-FID Loan"). Certain costs, such as licence costs, are excluded. Subject to a positive FID, Navitas will provide an interest free loan to Rockhopper to fund two-thirds of Rockhopper's share of Sea Lion phase one development costs (for any costs not met by third party debt financing). Certain costs, such as licence costs, are excluded

Funds drawn under the loans will be repaid from 85% of Rockhopper's working interest share of free cash flow

2 Rockhopper is not an addressee and has not been party to the production of the March 2025 NSAI Independent Report. The March 2025 NSAI Independent Report has been produced to PRMS standards.

The last independent resource report commissioned directly by Rockhopper was the ERCE 2016 Report which had an estimated 2C value of 517 mmbbls. Rockhopper has commissioned it own independent resource update to be published shortly.

3 Totals may not sum precisely due to rounding adjustments

Ombrina Mare

Having announced an agreement to monetise the Ombrina Mare Arbitration Award ('the "Award") on 20 December 2023 (the 'Monetisation'), Rockhopper received the Tranche 1 payment in June 2024 and retained €19mm. The annulment process has no formal timetable and may now slip into H2 2025, however we remain hopeful of an outcome in the relatively near future. Should Rockhopper succeed in defending the annulment attempt, an additional payment of €65 million will become due from the Specialist Fund. During the period, Rockhopper put in place insurance to cover the event that the Italian Republic is successful in having the Award annulled. The insurance policy will ensure that, in the event that the Italian Republic succeeds in having the entire Award annulled or in the event of partial annulment, the combination of the Tranche 2 payment and the insurance payout shall entitle Rockhopper to a total no less than €31 million.

The policy has been placed via a FCA-registered specialist insurance brokerage. The policy has been underwritten by a specialist underwriting agency and subscribed to by a number of A-rated insurance carriers and syndicates.

Tax of approximately 12.5% to 15% is likely to be due on receipts from the Monetisation.

Italian disposal

As announced on 14 October 2024, Rockhopper signed an SPA to dispose its Italian interests, other than the Ombrina Mare arbitration, to Zodiac Energy Limited ("Zodiac"), a locally run Italian E&P company.

The SPA is for the sale of Rockhopper Civita Limited (a wholly owned subsidiary of Rockhopper Exploration Plc). Rockhopper Civita Limited holds all Rockhopper's Italian assets and liabilities with the exception of the Ombrina Mare Arbitration Award.

Under the terms of the SPA, Rockhopper will pay Zodiac in two instalments, with a retained upside participation to Rockhopper in two undeveloped licences.

The first instalment of €3 million is payable to Zodiac on satisfaction of two precedent conditions ("Completion"), those being receipt of all necessary regulatory consents in Italy, as well as regulatory consents in the Falklands.

The second instalment of €2.5 million is payable to Zodiac on or after Completion, assuming the satisfaction of two additional conditions, those being successfully defending the Italian Republic's annulment application and receiving a minimum of €10 million from the Award monetisation (the Tranche 2 payment under the Award monetisation is €65 million, due on a successful defence of the annulment application, but can be reduced in the event of a partial annulment).

In addition, assuming the second instalment is payable, Rockhopper will retain a royalty on two assets within the Rockhopper Civita Limited portfolio, those being AC19 (a northern Adriatic licence with two gas discoveries and an additional adjacent prospect) and Serra San Bernado (which contains the Monte Grosso exploration prospect).

The royalties will take the form of either 10% of the revenues of the interests acquired by Zodiac or, should they realise value by on-selling the licences acquired, 25% of the gross proceeds received for the part sold.

The transaction is subject to regulatory approvals, the timing of which is uncertain but are anticipated within 12 months. 

The transaction will significantly reduce both Rockhoppers annual running costs and long run decommissioning liabilities.

Falklands Capital gains Tax ("CGT")

Rockhopper is in discussions with FIG to come to an agreement over the deferred CGT arising from the farm down to Premier Oil in 2012, as the current arrangements make the Sea Lion financing significantly more difficult. This is discussed in greater detail in the Financial Review.

Summary

With a lead lending bank appointed, positive feedback from potential funders, Sea Lion resources and values independently confirmed and FIG continuing to support the development of the field, the sanction of Sea Lion has never been closer with a target of H2 this year, an event that would represent the culmination of some 20 years of work for Rockhopper.

Whilst our balance sheet remains strong, it is possible that the Group will require additional funding in order to take FID. The final amount of that funding will be a function of the outcome of the Ombrina Mare annulment process, final project costs and Sea Lion financing details.

The Navitas independent NSAI report confirms the scale of Sea Lion and the possibility for it to generate significant value for all stakeholders should sanction be achieved. We also look forward to publishing shortly our own independent report which we expect to corroborate this significant resource base.

FINANCIAL REVIEW

OVERVIEW

From a finance perspective, the most significant event in 2024 was completion of the announced Monetisation. From an accounting perspective the Monetisation Agreement is a separate financial instrument to the Arbitration Award itself. This has meant recognising the fair value of the Monetisation Agreement of US$79.8 million as Other income. This fair value comprises the USD equivalent value of not only the initial €19 million Tranche 1 proceeds but also subsequent tranches, predominantly the €65 million Tranche 2 proceeds, which are receivable on success in the Arbitration Award annulment proceedings. The €19 million was received during the year with the remaining fair value of the subsequent tranches of US$58 million being held as a financial asset.

The Award annulment proceedings themselves concluded in 2024 and we just await the outcome. We and our advisors remain confident in the merits of our arguments but have put in place insurance to ensure a minimum €31 million should be received.

RESULTS FOR THE YEAR

For the year ended 31 December 2024 the Group, including discontinued operations, reported a profit of US$47.6 million (2023: loss of US$4.6 million).

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

In October 2024, the Group announced the disposal, subject to conditions precedent, of its 100% interest in Rockhopper Civita Limited which holds the Group's remaining operations in the Greater Mediterranean geographical segment. The transaction had not completed at the year end, but the assets and associated liabilities have been reclassified as held for sale on the balance sheet. Due to the fact that the disposal group has been classified as held for sale and represents a geographical area of operations it has also been treated as a discontinued operation in line with IFRS 5. As such the comparative information in the Income Statement and relevant notes have been re-presented.

OPERATING COSTS

Exploration and evaluation expenses are not material in the year. The impairment in the current year of US$0.4 million (2023: US$0.3 million) is due to cost write-offs relating to the South Falkland Basin and areas of the North Falkland Basin which will not be developed as part of the Sea Lion Phase 1 project.

Administrative expenses have reduced during the year to US$3.3 million (2023: US$3.8 million). The prior year included legal fees in relation to contesting the Annulment of the Award of US$1.6 million. The Group chose to use existing resources to fund all legal costs arising from contesting the request by Italy for Annulment while it explored all acceptable funding possibilities. Since signing of the Monetisation agreement, the Specialist Fund are responsible for all legal fees, therefore no costs have been incurred in relation to the Arbitration in 2024. This reduction has been offset by an increase in staff costs, which predominantly relate to discretionary bonuses to staff on receipt of the Tranche 1 proceeds of the Monetisation Agreement

Finance income has increased to US$1.9 million (2023: US$1.2 million). Income on cash and term deposits has increased US$0.3 million due to increased cash balances during the year. Also the current year includes the unwinding of discounts on the fair value of the Monetisation Agreement of US$1.3 million. The prior year saw a gain on derivative financial liabilities of US$0.9 million.

Other income and other expenses relate to the Monetisation Agreement. As noted earlier US$79.8 million of Other income relates to the fair value of the Monetisation Agreement. Other expenses of US$1.0 million relate to costs associated with the Monetisation Agreement and also associated with an insurance policy taken out during the year.

In October 2024 the Group decided, in line with normal market practice, that insuring to protect shareholders against loss resulting from an annulment of the Award to be the most prudent course of action. The insurance policy will ensure that, in the event that the Italian Republic succeeds in having the entire Award annulled or in the event of partial annulment, the combination of the Tranche 2 payment and the insurance payout shall entitle Rockhopper to a total of no less than €31 million. The only impact on the financial statements is the total cost of the policy, which including applicable taxes and underwriting fees, is €4 million. This cost has been spread over the life of the policy (which materially exceeds the expected time to receive an outcome from the Award annulment). As such the majority of this cost is recorded as a prepayment in the 2024 financial statements.

CASH MOVEMENTS AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

As at 31 December 2024, the Group had cash and term deposits of US$20.9 million (31 December 2023: US$8.0 million).

Cash and term deposit movements during the period:

Miscellaneous includes foreign exchange and movements in working capital during the period.

The additions to intangible exploration and evaluation assets during the year of US$14.7 million relate principally to the Sea Lion development. The majority of cash costs were covered by the Pre-FID co-venturer loan provided by Navitas as part of the farm out in 2022. This co- venturer loan facility was utilised for the first time during the year and costs covered and accrued interest as at the year end totalled US$15.3 million (2023: US$nil).

Management considered whether there were any indicators of impairment to the carrying value of the intangible as it relates to the first phase of the Sea Lion development and concluded there were none.

In the event of Sea Lion being sanctioned the Group benefits from a Post FID loan which will cover two thirds of its share of project equity costs. It is likely that to enable sanction the Group will need to raise additional finance to cover its proportion of unfunded project costs.

In addition, FIG has indicated a likely requirement for certain potential project decommissioning liabilities to be secured and funded commensurate with the contingent abandonment liabilities as the project is developed and enters production. These liabilities relate to the possible early plugging and abandonment of wells and will commence from drilling of the first well until completion of phase 1 at which point it shall be replaced with a decommissioning fund to be established and accumulated following first oil. This is likely to place an additional phased financial requirement on Rockhopper, starting at the time the first pre drilled well is spudded, and is estimated as peaking at approximately US$40million at phase 1 completion. The Company is discussing this with the Operator and investigating options to fulfil this requirement, including the possibility of using a suitably highly rated decommissioning bond. In parallel the Company is investigating other potential sources of funding, if required, to ensure that it is able to meet its share of Sea Lion project equity costs at sanction, which are currently unknown.

The level of equity injection into the project required for Rockhopper to take FID is a function of final project costs, details of the project financing and other potential costs or financing requirements such as contingencies, fees and any other possible costs, none of which are currently certain. The Operator currently estimates project costs to first oil of US$1.4 billion and total project financing (senior debt) is anticipated to amount to approximately US$1.0 billion.

A number of possible scenarios are set out below:-

The numbers below are indicative and subject to change and are not a prediction of the final Rockhopper share of the project equity requirement.

If the project cost was US$1.25 billion of which debt financing was US$700million then the Rockhopper equity contribution to the project would be approximately US$64million, being 1/3rd of the Rockhopper 35% working interest, with the remaining 2/3 of the 35% working interest costs being funded via the post FID loan from Navitas. 

If the project cost was US$1.5 billion of which debt financing was US$900million then the Rockhopper equity contribution to the project would be approximately US$70million, being 1/3rd of the Rockhopper 35% working interest, with the remaining 2/3 of the 35% working interest costs being funded via the post FID loan from Navitas. 

If the project cost was US$1.75 billion of which debt financing was US$1billion then the Rockhopper equity contribution to the project would be approximately $88million, being 1/3rd of the Rockhopper 35% working interest, with the remaining 2/3 of the 35% working interest costs being funded via the post FID loan from Navitas. 

The above numbers do not include an allowance for decommissioning provisions relating to the pre first oil wells as it is currently unknown how that provision will be funded. Under the terms of the post FID loan, certain costs such as licence fees and Rockhopper specific taxes and G&A are excluded and would need to be funded directly by Rockhopper.

Possible sources of funds for the currently unknown Rockhopper project equity requirement include but are not limited to: Any proceeds from the monetisation of the Ombrina Mare arbitration, any payout under the insurance policy put in place to cover the annulment outcome, balance sheet cash, a convertible issue or other mezzanine finance instrument, an equity issue or a farm out. In the event funding was necessary and not achievable then the Group could not sanction the project.

Impairment during the year is in relation to licences that hold discovered barrels of oil that would be produced in any subsequent phases of development as well as our Southern Falkland Basin licences. This is in line with accounting standards given the limited capital we are currently spending on these licences.

OTHER RECEIVABLES

Other receivables have increased to US$62.3 million (2023: US$1.2 million). This is as a result of the year end fair value of the Monetisation Agreement of US$58.2 million and the prepayment of Award annulment insurance of US$3.9 million.

TAXATION

Current tax payable of US$1.8 million relates to amounts expected to be due in relation to the Tranche 1 proceeds received from the Monetisation Agreement. Separately as a result of the recognition of the fair value of the Monetisation Agreement an additional US$6.2 million of deferred tax liability has been recognised.

A non-current tax payable of US$22.3 million has been recognised in the year and relates to the potential liability arising from the historic farm-outs in the Falkland Islands.

On the 8 April 2015, the Group agreed binding documentation ("Tax Settlement Deed") with FIG in relation to the tax arising from the Group's 2012 farm out. The Tax Settlement Deed confirms the quantum and deferment of the outstanding tax liability and is made under Extra Statutory Concession 16. The Tax Settlement Deed also states that the Group is entitled to make adjustment to the outstanding tax liability if and to the extent that the Commissioner is satisfied that any part of the Development Carry becomes irrecoverable. In September 2022 the transaction enabling Harbour Energy plc to exit and Navitas to enter the North Falkland Basin completed. Under the transaction the balance of Development Carry became irrecoverable.

Following the transaction professional advice (the 'Advice') was sought over whether the Group was entitled to adjust the tax returns for the irrecoverable Development Carry. The Advice confirmed that it is probable that the Group is entitled to adjust the outstanding tax liability. As such the Group submitted tax returns on this basis. FIG disagreed with this analysis and asserted that the Group continued to owe £59.6 million payable around first oil. Based on the information as at 31 December 2023 the Directors made a judgement to derecognise any liability, given that it was considered the most probable outcome based on the Advice.

Separately the Group submitted tax returns in relation to the farm out to Navitas that occurred immediately after their acquisition, from Harbour Energy plc of the company that holds the North Falkland's Basin licences. The consideration for this transaction was the provision of loan funding to the Group to cover the majority of its share of Sea Lion phase 1 related costs from transaction completion up to FID through a loan from Navitas with interest charged at 8% per annum (the "Pre-FID Loan"). Subject to a positive FID, Navitas will provide an interest free loan to fund two-thirds of the Group's share of Sea Lion phase 1 development costs (for any costs not met by third party debt financing). The Directors are confident that the Group has sufficient losses to ensure no tax liability will arise.

The Group has continued discussions with FIG to resolve differences regarding any outstanding tax liability arising from the Tax Settlement Deed and recognise that the current arrangements make the project financing for Sea Lion significantly more difficult.

Given these discussions, and notwithstanding the Advice, the level of uncertainty relating to the potential tax liability has increased. For this reason, the Directors' have recognised a liability this year, which has been determined with reference to a probability weighting approach to reflect the additional uncertainty. For the avoidance of doubt there is no agreement to date with FIG and the ultimate tax liability could be materially different.

Should it be proven that there is no entitlement to adjustment under the Tax Settlement Deed then the outstanding tax liability would be £59.6 million and still payable on the earlier of: (i) the first royalty payment date on Sea Lion; (ii) the date of which Rockhopper disposes of all or a substantial part of the Group's remaining licence interests in the North Falkland Basin; or (iii) a change of control of Rockhopper Exploration plc.

Warrants

During 2022 by way of a Placing and Subscription and an Open Offer in July 2022 the group issued Warrants. Each Warrant gave the holder the right to subscribe for one new Ordinary Share at a price of 9 pence per Ordinary Share (the "Strike Price") at any time from the issue of the Warrants up to (and including) 5.00 p.m. on 31 December 2023.

At the start of the year 20.3 million shares were issued in relation to Warrants that were validly exercised immediately prior to their expiry. This raised US$2.2million of net proceeds.

LIQUIDITY, COUNTERPARTY RISK AND GOING CONCERN

The Directors have performed an assessment of whether the Company and Group would be able to continue as a going concern until at least September 2026. In their assessment, the Group has taken into account its financial position, expected future performance, its debt and other available credit facilities, its working capital and capital expenditure commitments and forecasts.

At 31 December 2024, the Group had cash and cash equivalents and term deposits of $20.9 million and the Group benefits from loan funding for its share of all Sea Lion pre-sanction costs (other than licence fees and taxes), historically the largest annual expenditure. This loan funding is the Group's only external debt and is long term, ultimately repayable out of future cash flows from any Sea Lion Development.

Based on a detailed cash flow forecast prepared by management, in which it included any reasonable possible change in the key assumptions on which the cash flow forecast is based, the Board of Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group will have adequate resources to continue in operational existence.

The cash flow forecast does not include the benefit of any further proceeds from the Ombrina Mare Award should that be through the Monetisation Agreement or insurance. It also does not include any post sanction Sea Lion costs. The Group benefits from a Post FID loan which will cover two thirds of its share of project equity costs. It is possible that to enable sanction the Group will need to raise additional finance to cover its proportion of unfunded project costs. The exact quantum is still to be determined but the Directors believe that, to the extent necessary, extra funding will be achievable based on current expectations of project costs and funding availability. Ultimately from a going concern perspective project sanction is a discretionary act and if funding was not achievable then the Group would not sanction the project.

PRINCIPAL RISK AND UNCERTAINTIES

A detailed review of the potential risks and uncertainties which could impact the Group are outlined elsewhere in this Strategic Report. The Group identified its key risks at the end of 2024 as being:

1 failure of joint venture partners to secure the requisite funding at a project level to allow a Sea Lion Final Investment Decision;

2 availability and access to capital at a Group level;

3 oil price volatility; and

4 joint venture partner and wider stakeholder alignment.

* The comparative information has been re-presented due to a discontinued operation. See Note 13.

These financial statements on pages 40 to 64 were approved by the directors and authorised for issue on 28 May 2025 and are signed on their behalf by:

Chief Executive Officer

Rockhopper Exploration plc Registered Company Number: 05250250

The notes on pages 44 to 64 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

See note 24 for a description of each of the reserves of the Group.

Other transfers relate to Shares held in trust where they have been used to satisfy exercised options.

The notes on pages 44 to 64 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

The notes on pages 44 to 64 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

for the year ended 31 December 2024

1. Accounting policies

1.1 Group and its operations

Rockhopper Exploration plc, the 'Company', a public limited company quoted on AIM, incorporated and domiciled in the United Kingdom ('UK'), together with its subsidiaries, collectively 'the 'Group' holds certain exploration licences for the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas in the Falkland Islands. In addition, it has operations in the Greater Mediterranean based in Italy which have been classified as discontinued operations and whose assets and liabilities are classified as held for sale. The registered office of the Company is Warner House, 123 Castle Street, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP1 3TB.

1.2 Statement of compliance

The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared on a going concern basis in accordance with UK adopted International Accounting Standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. The consolidated financial statements were approved for issue by the board of directors on 28 May 2025 and are subject to approval at the Annual General Meeting of shareholders on 27 June 2025.

1.3 Basis of preparation

The results upon which these financial statements have been based were prepared using the accounting policies set out below. These policies have been consistently applied unless otherwise stated.

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention with the exception of certain items which are measured at fair value.

Items included in the results of each of the Group's entities are measured in the currency of the primary economic environment in which that entity operates (the "functional currency"). The consolidated financial statements are presented in US Dollars ($), which is Rockhopper Exploration plc's functional currency.

All values are rounded to the nearest thousand dollars ($'000) or thousand pounds (£'000), except when otherwise indicated.

1.4 Change in accounting policy

Changes in accounting standards

In the current year the following new and revised Standards and Interpretations have been adopted. None of these have a material impact on the Group's annual results.

- Supplier Finance Arrangements (Amendments to IAS7 & IFRS 7);

- Lease liability in a sale and Leaseback (Amendments to IFRS 16);

- Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current (Amendments to IAS 1); and

- Non-current Liabilities with Covenants (Amendments to IAS 1).

New accounting pronouncements

At 31 December 2024, the following Standards, Amendments and Interpretations were in issue but not yet effective:

The following amendments are effective for the period beginning 1 January 2025:

- Lack of exchangeability (Amendment to IAS 21 The Effects of changes in Foreign Exchange rates).: Disclosures).

The following amendments are effective for the period beginning 1 January 2026:

- Amendments to the classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments (Amendments to IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and IFRS 7); and

- Contracts Referencing Nature-dependent Electricity (Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7).

The following amendments are effective for the period beginning 1 January 2027:

- IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial; and

- IFRS 19 Subsidiaries without Public Accountability: Disclosures.

The Directors do not expect that the adoption of the above Standards, Amendments and Interpretations will have a material impact on the Financial Statements of the Group in future periods.

1.5 Going concern

The Directors have performed an assessment of whether the Company and Group would be able to continue as a going concern until at least September 2026. In their assessment, the Group has taken into account its financial position, expected future performance, its debt and other available credit facilities, its working capital and capital expenditure commitments and forecasts.

At 31 December 2024, the Group had cash and cash equivalents and term deposits of $20.9 million and the Group benefits from loan funding for its share of all Sea Lion pre-sanction costs (other than licence fees and taxes), historically the largest annual expenditure. This loan funding is the Group's only external debt and is long term, ultimately repayable out of future cash flows from any Sea Lion Development.

Based on a detailed cash flow forecast prepared by management, in which it included any reasonable possible change in the key assumptions on which the cash flow forecast is based, the Board of Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group will have adequate resources to continue in operational existence until at least September 2026 and that at this point in time there are no material uncertainties regarding going concern.

Key assumptions underpinning this forecast include forecast committed expenditure. The forecasts assume outflows for the completion of its announced disposal of its Italian operations, although should this transaction not complete it would not impact the going concern assessment during the period considered.

The cash flow forecast does not include the benefit of any proceeds from the Ombrina Mare Award should that be through the Monetisation Agreement or insurance. It also does not include any post sanction Sea Lion costs. The Group benefit from a Post FID loan which will cover two thirds of its share of project equity costs. It is likely that to enable sanction the Group will need to raise additional finance to cover its proportion of unfunded project costs. The exact quantum is still to be determined but the Directors believe that, to the extent necessary, extra funding will be achievable based on current expectations of project costs and funding availability. Ultimately from a going concern perspective project sanction is a discretionary act and if funding was not achievable then the Group would not sanction the project.

Cash flow forecasts prepared based on current committed expenditure and non-discretionary spend indicate that the Company has sufficient cash resources to continue in operation for a period in excess of 12 months from the date of signing the Consolidated and Parent Company Financial Statements. The Directors therefore believe there is not a material uncertainty regarding going concern and that it is appropriate to prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis.

1.6 Significant accounting policies

The Group has identified the accounting policies that are most significant to its business operations and the understanding of its results. These accounting policies are those which involve the most complex or subjective decisions or assessments, and relate to the capitalisation of exploration expenditure. The determination of this is fundamental to the financial results and position and requires management to make a complex judgement based on information and data that may change in future periods.

Since these policies involve the use of assumptions and subjective judgements as to future events and are subject to change, the use of different assumptions or data could produce materially different results. The measurement basis that has been applied in preparing the results is historical cost.

The significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the results are set out below.

The Group financial statements consolidate the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiary undertakings drawn up to 31 December 2024. Subsidiaries are those entities over which the Group has control. Control is achieved where the Group has the power over the subsidiary, is exposed, or has rights to variable returns from the subsidiary and has the ability to use its power to affect its returns. All subsidiaries are 100 per cent owned by the Group and there are no non-controlling interests.

The results of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the income statement from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries acquired to bring the accounting policies used into line with those used by other members of the Group.

All intercompany balances have been eliminated on consolidation.

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker as required by IFRS8 Operating Segments. The chief operating decision maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the board of directors.

The Group's operations are made up of three segments, the oil and gas exploration and production activities in the geographical regions of the Falkland Islands and the Greater Mediterranean region as well as its corporate activities mainly centered in the UK.

The Group applies the successful efforts method of accounting for exploration and evaluation ("E&E") costs, having regard to the requirements of IFRS6 - 'Exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources'.

Exploration and evaluation ("E&E") expenditure Expensed exploration & evaluation costs

Expenditure on costs incurred prior to obtaining the legal rights to explore an area, geological and geophysical costs are expensed immediately to the income statement.

Capitalised intangible exploration and evaluation assets

All directly attributable E&E costs are initially capitalised in well, field, prospect, or other specific, cost pools as appropriate, pending determination.

Treatment of intangible E&E assets at conclusion of appraisal activities

Intangible E&E assets related to each cost pool are carried forward until the existence, or otherwise, of commercial reserves have been determined, subject to certain limitations including review for indicators of impairment. If commercial reserves have been discovered, the carrying value, after any impairment loss, of the relevant E&E assets, are then reclassified as development and production assets within property plant and equipment. However, if commercial reserves have not been found, the capitalised costs are charged to expense.

Development and production assets

Development and production assets, classified within property, plant and equipment, are accumulated generally on a field-by-field basis and represent the costs of developing the commercial reserves discovered and bringing them into production, together with the E&E expenditures incurred in finding commercial reserves transferred from intangible E&E assets.

Depreciation of producing assets

The net book values of producing assets are depreciated generally on a field-by-field basis using the unit-of-production method by reference to the ratio of production in the year and the related commercial reserves of the field, taking into account the future development expenditure necessary to bring those reserves into production.

Net cash proceeds from any disposal of an intangible E&E asset are initially credited against the previously capitalised costs. Any surplus proceeds are credited to the income statement.

Provision for decommissioning is recognised in full when the related facilities are installed. The amount recognised is the present value of the estimated future expenditure. A corresponding amount equivalent to the provision is also recognised as part of the cost of the related oil and gas property. This is subsequently depreciated as part of the capital costs of the production facilities. Any change in the present value of the estimated expenditure is dealt with prospectively as an adjustment to the provision and the oil and gas property. The unwinding of the discount is included in finance cost.

Items included in the results of each of the Group's entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates, the functional currency. The consolidated financial statements are presented in US$ as this best reflects the economic environment of the oil exploration sector in which the Group operates. The Group maintains the financial statements of the parent and subsidiary undertakings in their functional currency. Where applicable, the Group translates subsidiary financial statements into the presentation currency, US$, using the closing rate method for assets and liabilities which are translated at the rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date and rates at the date of transactions for income statement accounts. Differences are taken through the Statement of Comprehensive Income to reserves.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are expensed in the income statement, except when deferred in equity as qualifying cash flow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges.

The year end rates of exchange were:

Investment income

There is no revenue in either this or the prior period.

Investment income consists of interest receivable for the period. Interest income is recognised as it accrues, taking into account the effective yield on the investment.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised on the Group's balance sheet when the Group has become a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

(i) Other receivables

Other receivables are initially measured at fair value. Those that meet the following conditions are measured subsequently at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI):

· the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets; and

· the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

By default, all other financial assets are measured subsequently at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

The Group recognises an allowance for expected credit losses for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. Expected credit losses are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the original effective interest rate.

(ii) Restricted cash

Restricted cash is disclosed separately on the face of the balance sheet and denoted as restricted when it is not under the exclusive control of the Group. All amounts relate to balances held as security in relation to property leases.

(iii) Term deposits

Term deposits are disclosed separately on the face of the balance sheet when their term is equal or greater than one month and they are unbreakable.

(iv) Cash and cash equivalents

They are stated at carrying value which is deemed to be fair value. Cash and cash equivalents comprise instant access bank balances as well as a small amount of cash in hand.

(v) Financial liabilities and equity

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities.

(vi) Account and other payables

Account payables are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

(vii) Derivative financial liabilities

Derivative financial liabilities are initially recognised and carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

(viii) Equity instruments

Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

The current tax amount is based on the taxable profits or losses of the year, after any adjustments in respect of prior years. Tax, including tax relief for losses if applicable, is allocated over profits before tax and amounts charged or credited to reserves as appropriate.

Deferred taxation is recognised in respect of all taxable temporary differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date where a transaction or events have occurred at that date that will result in an obligation to pay more, or a right to pay less or to receive more, tax, with the exception that deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that its considered probable that there will be suitable taxable profits from which the future reversal of the underlying temporary differences can be deducted.

Deferred tax is measured on an undiscounted basis at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods in which temporary differences reverse, based on tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

Where there are uncertainties over how to apply the recognition and measurement requirements in IAS 12 the group applies IFRIC 23, Uncertainty over Income TaxTreatment.

The Group issues equity settled share based payments to certain employees. Equity settled share based payments are measured at fair value (excluding the effect of non market based vesting conditions) at the date of grant. The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity settled share based payments is expensed on a straight line basis over the vesting period, based on the Group's estimate of shares that will eventually vest and adjusted for non market based vesting conditions.

Cash settled share based payment transactions result in a liability. Services received and liabilities incurred are measured initially at fair value of the liability at grant date, and the liability is remeasured each reporting period until settlement. The liability is recognised on a straight line basis over the period that services are rendered.

Capital commitments include all projects for which specific board approval has been obtained up to the reporting date. Projects still under investigation for which specific board approvals have not yet been obtained are excluded.

2. Use of estimates, assumptions and judgements

The Group makes estimates, assumptions and judgements that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities. Estimates, assumptions and judgements are continually evaluated and based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the balance sheet date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are discussed in the relevant note as is sensitivity analysis as required. The key areas identified and the relevant note are as follows:

Fair value of Monetisation Agreement (note 10) - estimates

To calculate the fair value of the Monetisation Agreement involved estimation. Future cash flows under the agreement are contractual and it was measured at fair value using a discounted cash flow basis. This required estimating the cost to insure the same cash flows, the timing of these cash flows and the discount rate applied.

Carrying value of intangible exploration and evaluation assets (note 15) - judgements

Given the quantum of intangible exploration and evaluation assets potential impairment could have a material impact on the financial statements. Management has made a judgement as to the existence of any indicators of impairment under IFRS 6, including the right to continue exploration exists, continued expenditure is planned, exploration results indicate commercially viable quantities of resources and that the carrying amount is likely to be recovered in full.

Tax payable (note 20) - judgements and estimates

The Group's recognised an estimated Non-current tax payable of $22.3 million arising from the historic farm-outs in the Falkland Islands on open tax positions where the liabilities remain to be agreed with the Falkland Islands Tax Authority. Due to the uncertainty associated with such tax items, there is a possibility that, on conclusion of open tax matters at a future date, the final outcome may differ significantly and be as large as £59.6 million. Management had to form a judgment on the possible outcomes from a tax legislation perspective and then estimate the probability of each outcome and the associated tax liability in order to calculate the probability weighted outcome.

Decommissioning costs (note 21) - judgements and estimates

Estimates are made around appropriate inflation and discount rates to be applied as well as the timing of any future decommissioning. Decommissioning costs are uncertain and management's cost estimates can vary in response to many factors, including changes to the relevant legal requirements, the emergence of new technology or experience at other assets. The expected timing, work scope and amount of expenditure may also change.

3. Segmental information

The Group's operations are located and managed in three geographically distinct business units; namely the Falkland Islands, the Greater Mediterranean, and Corporate (includes UK and the Ombrina Mare Arbitration). Some of the business units currently do not generate any revenue or have any material operating income. The business is only engaged in one business, that of upstream oil and gas exploration and production.

The average number of full time equivalent staff employed during the year was 7 (2023: 7). As at the year end the Group employed (including part time) 9 staff, 7 of which were in the UK and 2 in Italy.

Amounts reallocated relate to the costs of staff and associated overhead in relation to non administrative tasks. These costs are allocated to relevant expenses or capitalised as part of the intangible exploration and evaluation assets as appropriate.

Interest in outstanding share options, LTIPs and SARs, by director, are also separately disclosed in the directors' remuneration report.

During the prior year 4.5 million options were issued at 7.0p per share in connection with the delivery of the Sea Lion project to an individual employed outside of the Rockhopper group. These options vest in three tranches of 1.5 million each at project sanction, first oil, and reaching project completion. The value of these options was $500,000 and made with reference to the services received. The cost of the options was offset against the liability in relation to the service provided.

An equity option package was implemented during 2020 (the "Option Scheme") to replace the existing long term incentive plan. In place of the LTIP scheme, executive directors and senior staff received options to subscribe for Ordinary Shares, exercisable at a price of 6.25 pence per new Ordinary Share (the "Market Price Options"). The Market Price Options will vest in equal tranches after three, four and five years' further continuous employment.

Executive directors and staff in lieu of their contractual notice periods also received options to subscribe for an aggregate new ordinary shares in the capital of the Company ("Ordinary Shares"), exercisable at a price of 1 pence per new Ordinary Share (the "1p Options").

The following movements occurred during the year:

LTIP awards relate to a historic scheme and are structured as nil cost options. All LTIPs have vested and there were no movements during the year.

In August 2022, pursuant to an ICSID arbitration which commenced in 2017, Rockhopper was awarded approximately €190 million plus interest and costs following a unanimous decision by the ICSID appointed arbitral Tribunal that Italy had breached its obligations under the Energy Charter Treaty (the "Award").

Rockhopper submitted a letter to the Italian Republic in September 2022 formally requesting payment of €247 million, representing the Award amount plus accrued interest from 29 January 2016 to 23 August 2022 and costs. Interest was paused for four months following the date of the Award (being 23 August 2022) and is now accruing at EURIBOR + 4% which Rockhopper estimates at between €1.25 million and €1.5 million per calendar month. Interest compounds annually.

Following Italy's request to seek annulment of the Award, an ad hoc Committee was constituted to hear relevant arguments and ultimately make a ruling on Italy's request to annul the Award. A hearing was held in Madrid in April 2024 as part of Italy's request to have the Award annulled following which post hearing submissions were made in response to questions raised by the Committee. No further submissions are anticipated to be needed by the Committee and our expectation is that we just await an outcome.

On 20 December 2023, Rockhopper announced its entry into a funded participation agreement (the "Agreement") with a regulated specialist fund that has experience in investing in legal assets (the "Specialist Fund") to monetise its Award.

Under the terms of the Agreement, the Specialist Fund will make cash payments to Rockhopper in up to three tranches:

· Tranche 1 - Rockhopper retain €19 million of an upfront payment of €45million on completion. As previously disclosed, Rockhopper entered into a litigation funding agreement in 2017 under which all costs relating to the Arbitration from commencement to the rendering of the Award were paid on its behalf by a separate specialist arbitration funder (the "Original Arbitration Funder"). That agreement entitles the Original Arbitration Funder to a proportion of any proceeds from the Award or any monetisation of the Award. Rockhopper has entered into an agreement with the Original Arbitration Funder to pay €26 million of the Tranche 1 proceeds to discharge all of its liabilities under the agreement with the Original Arbitration Funder.

· Tranche 2 - Additional contingent payment of €65 million upon a successful annulment outcome. Should the Award be partially annulled and the quantum reduced as a result, then Tranche 2 will be reduced such that the amounts under Tranche 1 and Tranche 2 shall be adjusted downward on a pro-rata basis. For example, if the quantum of the Award is reduced by 20%, then the amounts under Tranche 1 and Tranche 2 shall be reduced by 20%. For the avoidance of doubt, the amounts under Tranche 1 and Tranche 2 shall not reduce below €45m in any circumstance.

· Tranche 3 - Potential payment of 20% on recovery of amounts in excess of 200% of the Specialist Fund's total investment including costs.

At the prior year end the Agreement was still contingent on precedent conditions being satisfied and as such the Agreement was also classified as a contingent asset. In June 2024 the precedent conditions were satisfied and Rockhopper received its initial consideration of €19 million. Management have determined that the Agreement is a financial instrument within the scope of IFRS 9 and as such should be fair valued on initial recognition and subsequently through profit and loss. Other income relates to the fair value of this consideration, i.e. the retained €19 million on completion plus the fair value of subsequent tranches translated at the prevailing €:$ rate as at completion.

Other expenses relate principally to legal costs associated with the Arbitration Award and Monetisation. In October 2024 the Group decided, in line with normal market practice, that insuring to protect shareholders against loss resulting from an annulment of the Award to be the most prudent course of action. The insurance policy will ensure that, in the event that the Italian Republic succeeds in having the entire Award annulled or in the event of partial annulment, the combination of the Tranche 2 payment and the insurance payout shall entitle Rockhopper to a total no less than €31 million.

The policy has been placed via an FCA-registered specialist insurance brokerage. The policy has been underwritten by a specialist underwriting agency and subscribed to by a number of A-rated insurance carriers and syndicates. The only impact on the financial statements is the total cost of the policy, which including applicable taxes and underwriting fees, is €4 million. This cost has been spread over the life of the policy (which materially exceeds the expected time to receive an outcome from the Award annulment). As such the majority of this cost is recorded as a prepayment. The balance has been included in other expenses along with the other aforementioned legal costs.

The reasons for the difference between the actual tax charge for the year and the standard rate of corporation tax applied to profits for the year are as follows:

The total carried forward losses and carried forward pre trading expenditures potentially available for relief are as follows:

Deferred tax assets are only recognised on losses carried forward to the extent it is deemed probable that they will be utilised in the future. No deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of temporary differences arising on losses carried forward, outstanding share options or depreciation in excess of capital allowances where there is uncertainty in the timing of profits and hence future utilisation. Losses carried forward in the Falkland Islands includes amounts held within entities where utilisation of the losses in the future may not be possible. As disclosed in Note 20 Tax payable, we are in the process of agreeing our tax returns in relation to the farm-out to Navitas that completed in September 2022. The carried forward losses is based on our returns to FIG and may be revised leading to fewer losses carried forward.

13. Discontinued operations

In October 2024, the Group announced the disposal, subject to conditions precedent, of its 100% interest in Rockhopper Civita Limited which holds the Group's remaining operations in the Greater Mediterranean geographical segment ("the disposal group"). The transaction had not completed at the year end, but the assets and associated liabilities have been reclassified as held for sale on the balance sheet.

Due to the fact that the disposal group has been classified as held for sale and represents a geographical area of operations it has also been treated as a discontinued operation in line with IFRS 5. As such the comparative information in the Income Statement and relevant notes has been re-presented.

The results of the discontinued operations, which have been included in the profit for the year, are the same as the Greater Mediterranean segment as disclosed in Note 3.

Cash flows from discontinued operations

The costs of disposal of Rockhopper Civita Limited are expected to be substantially less than the carrying amount of the related net liabilities and accordingly no impairment losses have been recognised on the classification of these operations as held for sale. The major classes of assets and liabilities comprising the operations classified as held for sale are as follows:

The weighted average number of Ordinary Shares takes into account those shares which are treated as own shares held in trust. As at the year end the Group had 1,304,500 Ordinary shares held in an Employee Benefit Trust (2023: 1,304,500) which have been purchased to settle future exercises of options.

4.5 million options (2023: 4.5 million) have not been included in the calculation of diluted EPS because their exercise is contingent on the satisfaction of certain criteria that had not been met at 31 December 2024. The total number of options in issue is disclosed in note 8.

As the Group is reporting a loss in the prior year then in accordance with IAS33 the share options are not considered dilutive because the exercise of the share options would have the effect of reducing the loss per share.

The amounts for intangible exploration and evaluation assets represent active exploration and evaluation projects. The additions during the year of US$14.7 million relate principally to the Sea Lion development.

Given the quantum of intangible exploration and evaluation assets potential impairment could have a material impact on the financial statements. As such whether there are indicators of impairment is a key judgement. Management looked at a number of factors in making a judgement as to whether there are any indicators of impairment during the year. In particular with regard to the carrying value of the Falkland Islands assets, which relates to the Sea Lion Phase one development these include, but are not limited to;

• The Operator published an updated CPR in March 2025 which continued to evidence a robust project and publically talk of being able to sanction the project in mid 2025;

• Rockhopper and Navitas have used the extensive engineering work already carried out to create a lower cost development;

• Licences were due to expire during 2024. A license extension was requested across all the licences and the Falkland Islands Government have continued to be supportive and granted an extension to the end of 2026;

• Financing availability at a project level and also to cover any equity shortfall of the Group after utilising Post-FID loan facilities; and

• Current market conditions, including oil price and security of supply, provide stronger prospects for ultimate sanction of Sea Lion.

The Group benefit from a Post FID loan which will cover two thirds of its share of project equity costs. It is likely that to enable sanction the Group will need to raise additional finance to cover its proportion of unfunded project costs. The exact quantum is still to be determined but Management believe that, to the extent necessary, extra funding will be achievable based on current expectations of project costs and funding availability.

Management concluded that for these reasons, currently for Phase 1 of the Sea Lion development, there were no indicators of impairment.

Ultimately should any required additional funding not be available then it would not be possible to sanction the Sea Lion phase 1 development. This would possibly lead to the carrying value of the intangible asset not being recovered.

Management made the judgement that the limited near term capital being invested outside of the Phase 1 project is still an indicator of impairment in the subsequent phases of the project. Accordingly the decision continues to be to write off historic exploration costs associated with the resources which will not be developed as part of the Sea Lion Phase 1 project. This impairment has no impact on the Group's long‐term strategy for multiple phases of development in the North Falkland Basin. This will be re-evaluated when the Phase 1 project has been sanctioned and investment resumes on the Phase 2 project.

Term deposits relate to amounts placed on fixed term deposit with various A rated deposit banks.

All amounts are expected to be settled within twelve months of the balance sheet date and so the book values and fair values are considered to be the same. Accruals include $4.7 million (2023: $3.6 million) amounts owed to Navitas in relation to Sea Lion. These amounts are expected to be invoiced and then ultimately settled using the Pre FID loan facility provided by Navitas. For further details see Non-current liabilities below.

The Group benefits from funding to cover the majority of its share of Sea Lion phase 1 related costs up to FID through a loan from Navitas with interest charged at 8% per annum (the "Pre-FID Loan"). Subject to a positive FID, Navitas will provide an interest free loan to fund two-thirds of the Group's share of Sea Lion phase 1 development costs (for any costs not met by third party debt financing).

Co-venturers loan relate entirely to amounts utilised under the Pre-FID Loan facility and associated interest. This loan is repayable from 85% of Rockhopper's working interest share of Sea Lion Phase 1 project cash flows and as such has been classified as non current. In the event that material progress towards FID has not occurred by 23 September 2027, Rockhopper can elect to remove Navitas from the Falkland Islands petroleum licences (should the licences still be in effect at that time) by repaying the Pre-FID Loan. Should material progress have been made, but FID not achieved, then this period can be extended by 12 months and then a further six months if certain project milestones have been achieved.

Warrants issued as part of the Placing and Subscription ("Warrants") were treated as derivative financial liabilities and as such carried at fair value on the balance sheet with changes in fair value recognised in finance income or finance expenses in the income statement as appropriate. They are not designated as hedging instruments.

Current tax payable of $1.8 million relates to amounts expected to be due in relation to the Tranche 1 proceeds received from the Agreement as disclosed in note 10. Non-current tax payable of $22.3 million relates to the potential liability arising from the historic farm-outs in the Falkland Islands.

On the 8 April 2015, the Group agreed binding documentation ("Tax Settlement Deed") with FIG in relation to the tax arising from the Group's 2012 farm out. The Tax Settlement Deed confirms the quantum and deferment of the outstanding tax liability and is made under Extra Statutory Concession 16. The Tax Settlement Deed also states that the Group is entitled to make adjustment to the outstanding tax liability if and to the extent that the Commissioner is satisfied that any part of the Development Carry becomes irrecoverable.

In September 2022 the transaction enabling Harbour Energy plc to exit and Navitas to enter the North Falkland Basin completed. Under the transaction the balance of Development Carry became irrecoverable.

Following the transaction professional advice (the 'Advice') was sought over whether the Group was entitled to adjust the tax returns for the irrecoverable Development Carry. The Advice confirmed that it is probable that the Group is entitled to adjust the outstanding tax liability. As such the Group submitted tax returns on this basis. FIG disagreed with this analysis and asserted that the Group continued to owe £59.6 million payable around first oil.

Based on the information as at 31 December 2023 the Directors made a judgement to derecognise any liability, given that it was considered the most probable outcome based on the Advice.

Separately the Group submitted tax returns in relation to the farm out to Navitas that occurred immediately after their acquisition, from Harbour Energy plc of the company that holds the North Falkland's Basin licences. The consideration for this transaction was the provision of loan funding to the Group to cover the majority of its share of Sea Lion phase 1 related costs from transaction completion up to FID through a loan from Navitas with interest charged at 8% per annum (the "Pre-FID Loan"). Subject to a positive FID, Navitas will provide an interest free loan to fund two-thirds of the Group's share of Sea Lion phase 1 development costs (for any costs not met by third party debt financing). The Directors are confident that the Group has sufficient losses to ensure no tax liability will arise.

The Group has continued discussions with FIG to resolve differences regarding any outstanding tax liability arising from the Tax Settlement Deed and recognise that the arrangements make the project financing for Sea Lion significantly more difficult.

Given these discussions, and notwithstanding the Advice, the level of uncertainty relating to the potential tax liability has increased. For this reason, the Directors' have recognised a liability this year, which has been determined with reference to a probability weighting approach to reflect the additional uncertainty. For the avoidance of doubt there is no agreement to date with FIG and the ultimate tax liability could be materially different.

Should it be proven that there is no entitlement to adjustment under the Tax Settlement Deed then the outstanding tax liability would be £59.6 million and still payable on the earlier of: (i) the first royalty payment date on Sea Lion; (ii) the date of which Rockhopper disposes of all or a substantial part of the Group's remaining licence interests in the North Falkland Basin; or (iii) a change of control of Rockhopper Exploration plc.