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2008 Interim Report Section 1

5th Aug 2008 07:00

RNS Number : 6204A
HSBC Holdings PLC
04 August 2008
 



Note

Page

1

Basis of preparation 

211

2

Accounting policies 

213

3

Dividends 

214

4

Earnings per share 

214

5

Post-employment benefits 

215

6

Tax expense 

216

7

Trading assets 

217

8

Financial assets designated at fair value 

219

9

Derivatives 

220

10 

Financial investments 

222

11

Non-current assets held for sale 

225

12

Trading liabilities 

226

13

Financial liabilities designated at  fair value 

226

Note

Page

14

Maturity analysis of assets and liabilities 

227

15

Equity 

229

16

Notes on the cash flow statement 

232

17

Contingent liabilities, contractual commitments and guarantees 

233

18

Segmental analysis 

233

19

Gains from dilution of interests in associates 

233

20

Goodwill impairment

234

21

Litigation 

234

22

Events after the balance sheet date

235

23

Interim Report 2008 and statutory accounts 

236

1 Basis of preparation 

(a) Compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards 

These interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34 'Interim Financial Reporting' as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ('IASB') and as endorsed by the EU.

The consolidated financial statements of HSBC at 31 December 2007 were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ('IFRSs') as issued by the IASB and as endorsed by the EU. EUߛendorsed IFRSs may differ from IFRSs, as issued by the IASB if, at any point in time, new or amended IFRSs have not been endorsed by the EU. At 30 June 2008, there were no unendorsed standards effective for the period ended 30 June 2008 affecting these consolidated financial statements, and there was no difference between IFRSs endorsed by the EU and IFRSs issued by the IASB in terms of their application to HSBC. 

IFRSs comprise accounting standards issued by the IASB and its predecessor body as well as interpretations issued by the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee ('IFRIC') and its predecessor body. 

(b) Comparative information

As required by IAS 34, the UK Disclosure and Transparency Rules and the Hong Kong listing rules, these interim consolidated financial statements include comparative balance sheet information at the previous financial year end, and comparative income statement information for the comparable interim periods of the immediately preceding financial year. The balance sheet at 30 June 2007 is provided voluntarily.

(c) Use of estimates and assumptions

The preparation of financial information requires the use of estimates and assumptions about future conditions. The use of available information and the application of judgement are inherent in the formation of estimates. Actual results in the future may differ from those reported as a result of the use of estimates and assumptions about future conditionsManagement believes that HSBC's critical accounting policies where judgement is necessarily applied are those which relate to impairment of loans and advances, goodwill impairment and the valuation of financial instruments. These critical accounting policies are described on page 132 of the Annual Report and Accounts 2007.

(d) Consolidation 

The interim consolidated financial statements of HSBC comprise the financial statements of HSBC Holdings and its subsidiaries. The method adopted by HSBC to consolidate its subsidiaries is described on page 345 of the Annual Report and Accounts 2007.

(e) Future accounting developments

Standards and Interpretations issued by the IASB and endorsed by the EU

IFRS 8 'Operating Segments' ('IFRS 8'), which replaces IAS 14 'Segment Reporting' ('IAS 14'), was issued on 30 November 2006 and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2009. This standard specifies how an entity should report information about its operating segments, based on information about the components of the entity that the chief operating decision maker uses to make operating decisions. HSBC currently presents two sets of segments in accordance with IAS 14, one geographical and one based on customer groups, which reflect the way the businesses of the Group are managed. HSBC will adopt IFRS 8 with effect from 1 January 2009, and will accordingly present segmental information which reflects the operating segments used to make operating decisions at that time. 

Standards and Interpretations issued by the IASB but not endorsed by the EU

At 30 June 2008, the following interpretations, effective for these consolidated financial statements, were issued by the IASB but not endorsed by the EU. These interpretations have no significant effect on the consolidated financial statements:

IFRIC 12 'Service Concession Arrangements' was issued on 30 November 2006 and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2008. 

IFRIC 14 'IAS 19 - The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction' was issued on 5 July 2007 and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2008.

The IASB issued a revised IAS 23 'Borrowing Costs' on 29 March 2007, which is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2009. The revised standard eliminates the option of recognising borrowing costs immediately as an expense, to the extent that they are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset. HSBC does not expect adoption of the revised standard to have a significant effect on the consolidated financial statements.

IFRIC 13 'Customer Loyalty Programmes' ('IFRIC 13') was issued on 28 June 2007 and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2008. IFRIC 13 addresses how companies that grant their customers loyalty award credits (often called 'points') when buying goods or services should account for their obligation to provide free or discounted goods and services, if and when the customers redeem the points. IFRIC 13 requires companies to allocate some of the proceeds of the initial sale to the award credits and recognise these proceeds as revenue only when they have fulfilled their obligations to provide goods or services. HSBC is currently assessing the effect of this interpretation on the consolidated financial statements.

A revised IAS 1 'Presentation of Financial Statements', which is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2009, was issued on 6 September 2007. The revised standard aims to improve users' ability to analyse and compare information given in financial statements. The adoption of the revised standard will have no effect on the results reported in HSBC's consolidated financial statements. It will, however, result in some presentational changes to the results and financial position of HSBC in certain respects.

The IASB issued an amendment to IFRS 2 'Share-based Payment' on 17 January 2008. The amendment, which is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2009, clarifies that vesting conditions comprise only service conditions and performance conditions. It also specifies the accounting treatment for a failure to meet a non-vesting condition. HSBC does not expect adoption of the amendment to have a significant effect on HSBC's consolidated financial statements.

A revised IFRS 3 'Business Combinations' and an amended IAS 27 'Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements', were issued on 10 January 2008. The revisions to the standards apply prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual financial reporting period beginning on or after 1 July 2009. The main changes under the standards are that:

acquisition-related costs are recognised as expenses in the income statement in the period they are incurred;

equity interests held prior to control being obtained are remeasured to fair value at the time control is obtained, and any gain or loss is recognised in the income statement;

changes in a parent's ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a change of control are treated as transactions between equity holders and reported in equity; and

an option is available, on a transaction-by-transaction basis, to measure any non-controlling interests (previously referred to as minority interests) in the entity acquired either at fair value, or at the non-controlling interest's proportionate share of the net identifiable assets of the entity acquired.

The effect that the changes will have on the results and financial position of HSBC will depend on the incidence and timing of business combinations occurring on or after 1 January 2010.

The IASB issued amendments to IAS 32 'Financial Instruments: Presentation' and IAS 1 'Presentation of Financial Statements' - 'Puttable Financial Instruments and Obligations Arising on Liquidation', on 14 February 2008. The amendments are applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2009. HSBC is currently assessing the effect of the amendments on the consolidated financial statements.

The IASB issued 'Improvements to IFRSs' on 22 May 2008, which comprises a collection of necessary, but not urgent, amendments to IFRSs. The amendments are primarily effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2009, with earlier application permitted. HSBC does not expect adoption of the amendments to have a significant effect on the consolidated financial statements. 

The IASB issued amendments to IFRS 1 'First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards' and IAS 27 'Consolidation of Separate Financial Statements' - 'Determining the cost of an Investment in the Separate Financial Statements', on 22 May 2008. The main amendments relevant to HSBC are to remove the definition of the 'cost method' from IAS 27 and require an entity to present dividends as income in the separate financial statements of the investor. The amendment to IAS 27 will have no effect on the consolidated financial statements. 

IFRIC 15 'Agreements for the Construction of Real Estate' ('IFRIC 15') was issued on 3 July 2008 and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2009. IFRIC 15 provides guidance on the recognition of revenue among real estate developers for sales of units. HSBC does not expect adoption of IFRIC 15 to have a significant effect on HSBC's consolidated financial statements.

IFRIC 16 'Hedges of a Net Investment in a Foreign Operation' ('IFRIC 16') was issued on 3 July 2008 and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 October 2008. IFRIC 16 provides guidance on accounting for the hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation in an entity's consolidated financial statements. The main change introduced by IFRIC 16 is to eliminate the possibility of an entity applying hedge accounting for a hedge of foreign exchange differences between the functional currency of a foreign operation and the presentation currency of the parent's consolidated financial statements. The adoption of IFRIC 16 will have no effect on HSBC's consolidated financial statements.

The IASB issued an amendment to IAS 39 'Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement' - 'Eligible Hedged Items', which is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2009, on 31 July 2008. The amendment clarifies how the existing principles underlying hedge accounting should be applied. HSBC is currently assessing the effect of the amendment on the consolidated financial statements.

(f) Changes in composition of the Group

Acquisition of the assets, liabilities and operations of The Chinese Bank Co., Ltd ('The Chinese Bank')

The acquisition of assets, liabilities, and operations of The Chinese Bank in Taiwan was completed on 29 March 2008. This resulted in HSBC receiving a payment from the Taiwan Government's Central Deposit Insurance Corporation to deliver an agreed net asset position. In addition, HSBC will provide additional capital of US$400 million to ensure that its enlarged operations maintain appropriate financial ratios.

2 Accounting policies

The accounting policies adopted by HSBC for these interim consolidated financial statements are consistent with those described opage 347 of the Annual Report and Accounts 2007. 

3 Dividends

Dividends to shareholders of the parent company were as follows:

Half-year to

30 June 2008

30 June 2007

31 December 2007

Per  share  US

Total US$m

Settled in scrip US$m

Per  share  US$

Total US$m

Settled in scrip US$m

Per  share  US$

Total US$m

Settled in scrip US$m

Dividends declared on ordinary shares

In respect of previous year:

- fourth interim dividend 

0.39

4,620

2,233

0.36

4,161

2,116

-

-

-

In respect of current year:

- first interim dividend 

0.18

2,158

256

0.17

1,986

712

-

-

-

- second interim dividend 

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.17

1,997

912

- third interim dividend 

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.17

2,007

614

0.57

6,778

2,489

0.53

6,147

2,828

0.34

4,004

1,526

Quarterly dividends on preference shares classified as equity

March dividend 

15.50

22

15.50

22

-

-

June dividend 

15.50

23

15.50

23

-

-

September dividend 

-

-

-

-

15.50

22

December dividend 

-

-

-

-

15.50

23

31.00

45

31.00

45

31.00

45

The Directors have declared a second interim dividend in respect of the financial year ending 31 December 2008 of US$0.18 per ordinary share, a distribution of approximately US$2,161 million. The second interim dividend will be payable on 8 October 2008 to holders of ordinary shares on the Register at the close of business on 22 August 2008. Further details are contained in section 5 of Additional Information on page 249. No liability is recorded in the financial statements in respect of the second interim dividend for 2008.

On 15 July 2008, HSBC paid the first coupon on the Perpetual Subordinated Capital Securities of US$0.54 per security, a distribution of approximately US$48 million. The securities were issued on 8 April 2008 and are classified as equity. No liability is recorded in the balance sheet at 30 June 2008 in respect of the first coupon payment. 

4 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per ordinary share was calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent company of US$7,677 million by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, excluding own shares held, of 11,737 million (first half of 2007profit of US$10,850 million and 11,463 million shares; second half of 2007profit of US$8,193 million and 11,626 million shares).

Half-year to

30 June

30 June

31 December

2008

2007

2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company 

7,722

10,895

8,238

Dividend payable on preference shares classified as equity 

(45)

(45)

(45)

Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent company 

7,677

10,850

8,193

Diluted earnings per ordinary share was calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, excluding own shares held, plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares that would be issued on conversion of dilutive potential ordinary shares, of 11,806 million (first half of 2007: 11,518 million shares; second half of 200711,802 million shares).

5 Post-employment benefits 

Included within 'Employee compensation and benefits' are components of net periodic benefit cost related to HSBC's defined benefit pension plans and other post-employment benefits, as follows:

Half-year to

30 June  2008

30 June  2007

2005

31 December 2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Current service cost 

404

403

423

Interest cost 

928

843

869

Expected return on plan assets 

(1,012)

(840)

(870)

Past service cost 

3

1

2

Gains on curtailments 

(16)

(65)

(40)

(Gains)/losses on settlements 

(73)

-

1

Net defined benefit cost 

234

342

385

HSBC revalues its defined benefit post-employment plans each year at 31 December, in consultation with the plans' local actuaries. The assumptions underlying the calculations are used to determine the expected income statement charge for the year going forward. 

At 30 June each year, HSBC revalues all plan assets to current market prices. HSBC also reviews the assumptions used to calculate the defined benefit obligations (the liabilities of the plans) and updates the carrying amount of the obligations if there have been significant changes as a consequence of changes in assumptions.

Rises in the average yields of high quality (AA rated or equivalent) debt instruments in certain countries in the first half of 2008, together with a rise in inflation above expectations in certain countries, resulted in significant changes in the valuation of the defined benefit obligationsAs a result, HSBC revalued certain plan obligations where the impact was significant. This resulted in a net decrease in the defined benefit obligation for the HSBC Bank (UK) Pension Scheme of US$208 million and for other plans of US$243 million. All differences from expected changes were recognised directly in equity as actuarial gains. 

The US$16 million curtailment gain reported in the above table results primarily from the reduction in the number of employees covered by three defined benefit plans as a result of restructuring.

The US$73 million settlement gain reported in the table above is as a result of HSBC entering into transactions to transfer the legal obligation of the benefits provided under two post-employment benefit plans to third parties.

The discount rates used to calculate HSBC's obligations under its defined benefit pension and post-employment healthcare plans were as follows:

At  30 June  2008

At 30 June  2007

2005

At 31 December 2007

%

%

%

UK 

6.60

5.80

5.80

Hong Kong 

3.45

4.78

3.45

US 

7.05

6.30

6.55

Jersey 

6.50

5.80

5.80

Mexico 

8.50

8.00

7.88

Brazil 

10.75

10.75

10.75

France 

6.25

5.00

5.50

Canada 

6.00

5.50

5.43

Switzerland 

3.30

3.00

3.30

Germany 

6.25

5.10

5.50

The inflation rate used to calculate the HSBC Bank (UK) Pension Scheme obligation at 30 June 2008 was 4.0 per cent (30 June 20073.2 per cent; 31 December 20073.3 per cent). Rates of pay increase were adjusted in line with this inflation assumption. There were no changes to other assumptions.

Actuarial gains and losses

Half-year to

30 June  2008

30 June  2007

2005

31 December 2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Experience gains/(losses) on plan liabilities 

(231)

399

(802)

Experience gains/(losses) on plan assets 

(1,361)

(658)

838

Gains from changes in actuarial assumptions 

682

2,300

132

Other movements1 

 

-

(13)

(29)

Total net actuarial gains/(losses) 

(910)

2,028

139

1 Other movements include changes in the effect of the limit on plan surpluses and exchange differences recognised within actuarial gains and losses in equity.

Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments on plan assets and liabilities as well as adjustments arising from changes in actuarial assumptions. The experience gains and losses on plan assets arise as a result of the difference between the expected returns on the plan assets and the actual movement in the value of the plan assets during the period. The changes in actuarial assumptions arise as result of changes in the plan assumptions, primarily discount rates and inflation rates, as previously described.

Total cumulative net actuarial losses recognised in equity at 30 June 2008 were US$362 million cumulative losses (31 December 2007: US$548 million cumulative gains; 30 June 2007: US$409 million cumulative gains).

As disclosed in 'Related party transactions' in the Annual Report and Accounts 2007HSBC Bank (UK) Pension Scheme entered into collateralised swap transactions with HSBC to manage the inflation and interest rate sensitivity of the Scheme's pension obligations. At 30 June 2008, the swaps had a positive fair value of US$979 million to the scheme (31 December 2007: US$248 million positive to the scheme; 30 June 2007: US$774 million negative to the scheme). All swaps were executed at prevailing market rates and within standard market bid-offer spreads.

6 Tax expense 

Half-year to

30 June

30 June

31 December

2008

2007

2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Current tax

UK corporation tax charge 

991

476

850

Overseas tax 

1,306

1,937

1,942

2,297

2,413

2,792

Deferred tax

Origination and reversal of temporary differences 

(356)

232

(1,680)

Tax expense 

1,941

2,645

1,112

Effective tax rate 

18.9%

18.7%

11.1%

The UK corporation tax rate applying to HSBC changed from 30 per cent to 28 per cent with effect from 1 April 2008 (2007: 30 per cent). Overseas tax included Hong Kong profits tax of US$529 million (first half of 2007: US$495 million; second half of 2007: US$642 million). Subsidiaries in Hong Kong provided for Hong Kong profits tax at the rate of 16.5 per cent (2007: 17.5 per cent) on the profits for the period assessable in Hong Kong. Other overseas subsidiaries and overseas branches provided for taxation at the appropriate rates in the countries in which they operate. The following table reconciles the overall tax expense which would apply if all profits had been taxed at the UK corporation tax rate:

Half-year to

30 June 2008

30 June 2007

31 December 2007

US$m

%

US$m

%

US$m

%

Analysis of overall tax expense1

 

Taxation at UK corporation tax rate of 28.5 per cent (2007: 30 per cent)2 

2,920

28.5

4,248

30.0

3,016

30.0

Effect of taxing overseas profits in principal  locations at different rates 

(560)

(5.5)

(459)

(3.2)

(1,001)

(10.0)

Tax-free gains 

(267)

(2.6)

(157)

(1.1)

(139)

(1.4)

Adjustments in respect of prior period  liabilities 

2

-

(152)

(1.1)

(157)

(1.6)

Low income housing tax credits3 

 

(51)

(0.5)

(52)

(0.4)

(55)

(0.5)

Effect of profit in associates and joint  ventures 

(263)

(2.6)

(185)

(1.3)

(265)

(2.6)

Effect of previously unrecognised temporary differences4  

(80)

(0.8)

(211)

(1.5)

(274)

(2.7)

Release of deferred tax consequent on restructuring of Group's interests 

-

-

-

-

(359)

(3.6)

Impact of gains arising from dilution of  interests in associates5  

-

-

(250)

(1.8)

(3)

-

Other items 

240

2.4

(137)

(0.9)

349

3.5

Overall tax expense 

1,941

18.9

2,645

18.7

1,112

11.1

1 Interim period income tax expense is accrued using the estimated average annual effective income tax rates that would be applicable to expected total annual earnings.

2 The change in the UK corporation tax rate from 30 per cent to 28 per cent with effect from 1 April 2008 gave rise to a blended tax rate for 2008 of 28.5 per cent.

3 Low income housing tax credits are designed to encourage the provision of rental housing for low income households in the US

4 The effect of previously unrecognised temporary differences principally relates to the recognition of capital losses.

5 The gains arising from the dilution of HSBC's interests in associates are not subject to tax, and as such there is a reconciling item which reduces the effective tax rate. See Note 19.

For the period ended 30 June 2008, HSBC's share of associates tax on profit was US$298 million (30 June 2007: US$155 million; 31 December 2007: US$451 million), which is included within share of profit in associates and joint ventures in the income statement.

7 Trading assets 

At

30 June 

2008

At

30 June 

2007

At

31 December

2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Trading assets:

- not subject to repledge or resale by counterparties 

319,672

319,424

308,286

- which may be repledged or resold by counterparties 

153,865

105,221

137,682

473,537

424,645

445,968

At

30 June 

2008

At

30 June 

2007

At

31 December

2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Treasury and other eligible bills 

7,417

10,407

16,439

Debt securities 

191,482

176,636

178,834

Equity securities 

42,608

35,487

51,476

241,507

222,530

246,749

Loans and advances to banks 

95,359

95,710

100,440

Loans and advances to customers 

136,671

106,405

98,779

473,537

424,645

445,968

Trading securities valued at fair value

At  30 June  2008

At  30 June  2007

At  31 December  2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

US Treasury and US Government agencies 

17,851

17,687

17,335

UK Government 

7,620

8,980

11,607

Hong Kong Government 

5,001

5,773

5,517

Other government 

92,452

67,739

80,268

Asset-backed securities 

19,122

13,801

21,502

Corporate debt and other securities 

56,853

73,063

59,044

Equity securities 

42,608

35,487

51,476

241,507

222,530

246,749

Included within the above figures are debt securities issued by banks and other financial institutions of US$61,528 million (30 June 2007: US$36,012 million; 31 December 2007: US$69,818 million).

Trading securities listed on a recognised exchange and unlisted

Treasury

and other

eligible bills

Debt

securities

Equity

securities

Total

US$m

US$m

US$m

US$m

Fair value at 30 June 2008

Listed on a recognised exchange1 

120

111,143

41,433

152,696

Unlisted 

7,297

80,339

1,175

88,811

7,417

191,482

42,608

241,507

Fair value at 30 June 2007

Listed on a recognised exchange1 

39

124,064

33,727

157,830

Unlisted 

10,368

52,572

1,760

64,700

10,407

176,636

35,487

222,530

Fair value at 31 December 2007

Listed on a recognised exchange1 

34

115,593

50,092

165,719

Unlisted 

16,405

63,241

1,384

81,030

16,439

178,834

51,476

246,749

1 Included within listed securities are investments listed in Hong Kong of US$4,217 million (30 June 2007: US$4,375 million; 31 December 2007: US$6,977 million).

Loans and advances to banks held for trading

At  30 June  2008

At  30 June  2007

At  31 December  2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Reverse repos 

76,487 

71,253

80,476

Settlement accounts 

11,547 

12,513

8,227

Stock borrowing 

3,400 

9,721

8,259

Other 

3,925 

2,223

3,478

95,359 

95,710

100,440

Loans and advances to customers held for trading

At  30 June  2008

At  30 June  2007

At  31 December  2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Reverse repos 

59,083 

48,682

51,543

Settlement accounts 

36,137 

21,429

6,216

Stock borrowing 

25,829 

25,635

24,254

Other 

15,622 

10,659

16,766

136,671 

106,405

98,779

8 Financial assets designated at fair value

At

30 June

2008

At

30 June 

2007

At

31 December

2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Treasury and other eligible bills 

240

206

181

Debt securities 

23,356

15,832

21,150

Equity securities 

16,768

18,319

20,047

Securities designated at fair value 

40,364

34,357

41,378

Loans and advances to banks 

421

356

178

Loans and advances to customers 

1

136

8

40,786

34,849

41,564

Securities designated at fair value

At

30 June

2008

At

30 June 

2007

At

31 December

2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

US Treasury and US Government agencies 

334

116

252

UK Government 

683

901

788

Hong Kong Government 

353

210

314

Other government 

4,507

2,910

4,427

Asset-backed securities 

7,478

3,486

8,132

Corporate debt and other securities 

10,241

8,415

7,418

Equity securities 

16,768

18,319

20,047

40,364

34,357

41,378

Included within the above figures are debt securities issued by banks and other financial institutions of US$14,255 million (30 June 2007: US$8,378 million; 31 December 2007: US$14,401 million).

Treasury

and other

eligible bills

Debt

securities

Equity

securities

Total

US$m

US$m

US$m

US$m

Fair value at 30 June 2008

Listed on a recognised exchange1 

85

4,877

12,492

17,454

Unlisted 

155

18,479

4,276

22,910

240

23,356

16,768

40,364

Fair value at 30 June 2007

Listed on a recognised exchange1

 

83

7,213

14,307

21,603

Unlisted 

123

8,619

4,012

12,754

206

15,832

18,319

34,357

Fair value at 31 December 2007

Listed on a recognised exchange1  

50

8,659

15,449

24,158

Unlisted 

131

12,491

4,598

17,220

181

21,150

20,047

41,378

1 Included within listed investments arUS$1,201 million of investments listed in Hong Kong (30 June 2007: US$1,184 million; 31 December 2007: US$1,502 million).

9 Derivatives

Fair values of derivatives by product contract type 

Assets

Liabilities

Trading

Hedging

Total

Trading

Hedging

Total

US$m

US$m

US$m

US$m

US$m

US$m

At 30 June 2008

Foreign exchange 

67,045

4,161

71,206

62,982

288

63,270

Interest rate

117,874

2,466

120,340

116,985

2,656

119,641

Equities

19,999

-

19,999

19,385

-

19,385

Credit derivatives

46,090

-

46,090

45,687

-

45,687

Commodity and other 

3,029

-

3,029

3,374

-

3,374

Gross total fair values 

254,037

6,627

260,664

248,413

2,944

251,357

Netting 

-

-

Total 

260,664

251,357

At 30 June 2007

Foreign exchange 

35,704

2,742

38,446

33,254

300

33,554

Interest rate 

81,689

1,956

83,645

81,455

1,254

82,709

Equities 

17,017

-

17,017

16,795

-

16,795

Credit derivatives 

9,902

-

9,902

10,826

-

10,826

Commodity and other 

1,028

-

1,028

1,257

-

1,257

Gross total fair values 

145,340

4,698

150,038

143,587

1,554

145,141

Netting 

(857)

(857)

Total 

149,181

144,284

At 31 December 2007

Foreign exchange 

52,018

3,490

55,508

50,608

371

50,979

Interest rate 

83,982

1,759

85,741

83,374

2,013

85,387

Equities 

20,229

1

20,230

19,458

-

19,458

Credit derivatives 

25,268

-

25,268

26,247

-

26,247

Commodity and other 

1,107

-

1,107

1,322

-

1,322

Gross total fair values 

182,604

5,250

187,854

181,009

2,384

183,393

Netting 

-

-

Total 

187,854

183,393

A description of HSBC's determination of the fair values of financial instruments, including derivatives, is provided on pages 129 to 134.

Trading derivatives

Notional contract amounts of derivatives held for trading purposes by product type

The notional contract amounts of these instruments indicate the nominal value of transactions outstanding at the balance sheet date; they do not represent amounts at risk.

At

30 June

2008

At

30 June

2007

At

31 December

2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Foreign exchange 

3,704,399

2,842,549

3,243,738

Interest rate 

13,143,237

10,528,816

10,672,971

Equities 

343,343

270,619

286,927

Credit derivatives 

2,075,700

1,473,509

1,893,802

Commodity and other 

96,985

35,826

33,188

19,363,664

15,151,319

16,130,626

Credit derivatives

The contract amount of credit derivatives of US$2,076 billion (30 June 2007: US$1,474 billion; 31 December 2007: US$1,894 billion) consisted of protection bought of US$1,020 billion (30 June 2007: US$719 billion; 31 December 2007: US$927 billion) and protection sold of US$1,056 billion (30 June 2007: US$755 billion; 31 December 2007: US$967 billion).

The difference between the notional amounts bought and sold is attributable to HSBC selling protection on large, diversified, predominantly investment-grade portfolios (including the most senior tranches) and then offsetting risk on these positions by buying protection on the more subordinated tranches of the same portfolios. In addition, HSBC uses securities to mitigate risks on certain derivative positions and credit derivative contracts to reduce counterparty exposures. Consequently, while there is a mismatch in notional amounts of credit derivatives bought and sold, this should not be interpreted as representing the open risk position. The credit derivative business operates within the market risk management framework described on page 183.

Derivatives valued using models with unobservable inputs

The difference between the fair value at initial recognition (the transaction price) and the value that would have been derived had valuation techniques used for subsequent measurement been applied at initial recognition, less subsequent releases, is as follows. This amount is yet to be recognised in the consolidated income statement. 

At

30 June

2008

At

30 June

2007

At

31 December

2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Unamortised balance at beginning of period 

306

214

204

Deferral on new transactions 

239

119

265

Recognised in the income statement during the period:

- amortisation 

(117)

(25)

(60)

- subsequent to unobservable inputs becoming observable 

(85)

(64)

(19)

- maturity or termination, or offsetting derivative 

(68)

(41)

(80)

Exchange differences 

5

1

3

Risk hedged 

(2)

-

(7)

Unamortised balance at end of period 

278

204

306

Hedging instruments 

The notional contract amounts of these instruments indicate the nominal value of transactions outstanding at the balance sheet date: they do not represent amounts at risk.

Notional contract amounts of derivatives held for hedging purposes by product type

At

30 June

2008

At

30 June

2007

At

31 December

2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Cash flow hedges

Foreign exchange 

16,518

21,034

21,641

Interest rate 

288,721

213,889

248,134

305,239

234,923

269,775

Fair value hedges

Foreign exchange 

3,190

2,998

3,116

Interest rate 

29,736

27,956

34,897

Equities 

41

-

24

32,967

30,954

38,037

Fair value hedges

Fair value of derivatives designated as fair value hedges

At 30 June 2008

At 30 June 2007

At 31 December 2007

Assets

Liabilities

Assets

Liabilities

Assets

Liabilities

US$m

US$m

US$m

US$m

US$m

US$m

Foreign exchange 

274 

53 

12

158

163

65

Interest rate 

338 

346 

330

192

171

338

Equities 

-

-

-

-

1

-

612 

399 

342

350

335

403

Gains or losses arising from fair value hedges

Half-year to

30 June

2008

30 June

2007

31 December

2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Gains/(losses):

- on hedging instruments 

113

124

(310)

- on the hedged items attributable to the hedged risk 

(133)

(103)

308

(20)

21

(2)

Cash flow hedges 

Fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges

At 30 June 2008

At 30 June 2007

At 31 December 2007

Assets

Liabilities

Assets

Liabilities

Assets

Liabilities

US$m

US$m

US$m

US$m

US$m

US$m

Foreign exchange 

3,887

235

2,730

142

3,327

306

Interest rate 

2,128

2,310

1,626

1,062

1,588

1,675

6,015

2,545

4,356

1,204

4,915

1,981

The gains and losses on ineffective portions of such derivatives are recognised immediately in 'Net trading income'During the period to 30 June 2008, a loss of US$15 million was recognised due to hedge ineffectiveness (first half of 2007loss of US$49 million; second half of 2007loss of US$28 million)

Hedges of net investments in foreign operations

At 30 June 2008, the fair values of outstanding financial instruments designated as hedges of net investments in foreign operations were liabilities of US$238 million (30 June 2007: liabilities of US$306 million; 31 December 2007: liabilities of US$450 million), and contract notional values of US$238 million (30 June 2007: US$161 million; 31 December 2007: US$1,204 million).

10 Financial investments

At 30 June 2008

At 30 June  2007

At 31 December  2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Financial investments:

- not subject to repledge or resale by counterparties 

270,098

223,762

271,126

- which may be repledged or resold by counterparties 

4,652

9,239

11,874

274,750

233,001

283,000

At 30 June 2008

At 30 June 2007

At 31 December 2007

Carrying amount

Fair value

Carrying amount

Fair value

Carrying amount

Fair value

US$m

US$m

US$m

US$m

US$m

US$m

Treasury and other eligible bills 

- available-for-sale 

27,928

27,928

26,077

26,077

30,104

30,104

Debt securities 

237,341

237,477

197,621

197,563

240,302

240,688

- available-for-sale 

226,318

226,318

187,929

187,929

230,534

230,534

- held-to-maturity 

11,023

11,159

9,692

9,634

9,768

10,154

Equity securities 

- available-for-sale 

9,481

9,481

9,303

9,303

12,594

12,594

Total financial investments 

274,750

274,886

233,001

232,943

283,000

283,386

Financial investments at amortised cost and fair value

Amortised  cost

Fair

value

US$m

US$m

At 30 June 2008

US Treasury 

7,197

7,195

US Government agencies 

6,646

6,630

US Government sponsored entities 

17,340

17,072

UK Government 

142

140

Hong Kong Government 

3,260

3,262

Other government 

60,806

60,485

Asset-backed securities 

61,321

52,695

Corporate debt and other securities 

119,355

117,926

Equities 

7,048

9,481

283,115

274,886

At 30 June 2007

US Treasury 

8,204

8,173

US Government agencies 

5,635

5,515

US Government sponsored entities 

14,331

13,828

UK Government 

1,508

1,507

Hong Kong Government 

2,750

2,738

Other government 

48,241

48,538

Asset-backed securities 

31,466

31,458

Corporate debt and other securities 

112,504

111,883

Equities 

6,318

9,303

230,957

232,943

At 31 December 2007

US Treasury 

6,799

6,831

US Government agencies 

5,709

5,732

US Government sponsored entities 

14,732

14,533

UK Government 

757

749

Hong Kong Government 

3,941

3,942

Other government 

60,109

60,320

Asset-backed securities 

68,316

68,106

Corporate debt and other securities 

110,825

110,579

Equities 

8,405

12,594

279,593

283,386

Included within the above figures are debt securities issued by banks and other financial institutions of US$157,272 million (30 June 2007: US$109,523 million; 31 December 2007: US$142,863 million). Their fair value at 30 June 2008 was US$135,477 million (30 June 2007: US$109,302 million; 31 December 2007: US$143,023 million).

Financial investments listed on a recognised exchange and unlisted

Treasury

and other

eligible bills  available- for-sale

Debt

securities

available-

for-sale

Debt

securities

held-to-

maturity

Equity

securities

Total

US$m

US$m

US$m

US$m

US$m

Carrying amount at 30 June 2008

Listed on a recognised exchange 

1,299

96,030

2,094

2,264

101,687

Unlisted 

26,629

130,288

8,929

7,217

173,063

27,928

226,318

11,023

9,481

274,750

Carrying amount at 30 June 2007

Listed on a recognised exchange 

1,300

84,646

3,397

2,457

91,800

Unlisted 

24,777

103,283

6,295

6,846

141,201

26,077

187,929

9,692

9,303

233,001

Carrying amount at 31 December 2007

Listed on a recognised exchange 

1,062

107,059

3,399

3,301

114,821

Unlisted 

29,042

123,475

6,369

9,293

168,179

30,104

230,534

9,768

12,594

283,000

The fair value of listed held-to-maturity debt securities at 30 June 2008 was US$4,696 million (30 June 2007: US$3,365 million; 31 December 2007: US$3,469 million).

Maturities of investment securities at carrying amount

At

30 June

2008

At

30 June

2007

At

31 December

2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Remaining contractual maturities of total debt securities:

1 year or less 

92,110

72,999

80,979

5 years or less but over 1 year 

64,692

59,329

76,306

10 years or less but over 5 years 

20,316

14,400

34,175

over 10 years 

60,223

50,893

48,842

237,341

197,621

240,302

Remaining contractual maturities of debt securities available for sale:

1 year or less 

91,682

72,455

80,498

5 years or less but over 1 year 

62,157

57,561

74,279

10 years or less but over 5 years 

15,993

10,937

30,607

over 10 years 

56,486

46,976

45,150

226,318

187,929

230,534

Remaining contractual maturities of debt securities held to maturity:

1 year or less 

428

544

481

5 years or less but over 1 year 

2,535

1,768

2,027

10 years or less but over 5 years 

4,323

3,463

3,568

over 10 years 

3,737

3,917

3,692

11,023

9,692

9,768

11 Non-current assets held for sale

30 June  2008

30 June  2007

31 December

2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Interest in associates 

2

-

2

Property, plant and equipment 

2,599

2,278

2,502

Investment properties 

118

80

111

Financial assets 

11,454

2,079

185

Other 

990

5

4

Total assets classified as held for sale 

15,163

4,442

2,804

Disposal group

On 29 February 2008, HSBC France, a wholly owned subsidiary of HSBC, received a firm cash offer from Banque Fédérale des Banques Populaires of 2.1 billion (US$3.2 billion) for seven of its French regional banking subsidiaries, which operate in the Personal Financial Services and Commercial Banking customer groups in Europe. The sale was completed on 2 July 2008, and the Group's pre-tax profit on sale of US$2.1 billion will be recognised in the second half of 2008.

Included within the balances in the above table are the following assets in respect of the disposal group classified as held for sale:

30 June  2008

US$m

Cash 

413

Loans and advances to banks and customers 

9,097

Other assets 

1,126

Total assets

10,636

Included in Other liabilities are the following liabilities in respect of the disposal group:

30 June  2008

US$m

Deposits by banks 

158

Customer accounts 

10,285

Other liabilities 

308

Total liabilities 

10,751

Property, plant and equipment

The property, plant and equipment classified as held for sale comprises two principal categories. The first is as a result of the repossession of property that had been pledged as collateral by customers. These assets are expected to be disposed of within 12 months of acquisition. Neither a gain nor loss was recognised on reclassifying these assets as held for sale. The majority arose within the geographical segment, North America.

Secondly, as disclosed in the Annual Report and Accounts 2007, on 31 May 2007, HSBC entered into a contract for the sale and leaseback of the property and long leasehold land comprising 8 Canada SquareLondon to MetrovacesaS.A. ('Metrovacesa') for £1,090 million (US$2,154 million). Under the terms of this arrangement, HSBC leased the building back from Metrovacesa for a period of 20 years at an annual rent of £43.5 million (US$87 million), with annual upward-only rent reviews linked to the RPI (all items) and subject to an annual maximum and minimum increase of 6 per cent and 2.5 per cent, respectively. In the normal course of business, HSBC provided finance to Metrovacesa in respect of the debt element of this transaction at arm's length market rates in the form of a bridging loan of £810 million (US$1,061 million), secured by a charge on the property. The bridging loan had an original maturity date of 30 November 2007 and was extended with a new facility provided by HSBC with maturity date of 30 November 2008. The equity portion of £280 million (US$553 million) was settled in cash by Metrovacesa on 31 May 2007.

The sale has not been recognised in the financial statements at 30 June 2008 because HSBC has retained a significant interest by virtue of the loan provided to part-finance the purchase of the building. Accordingly, 8 Canada Square is presented within 'Non-current assets held for sale' with a carrying value of US$861 million. The equity portion received from Metrovacesa is presented in the balance sheet as deferred income with a value at 30 June 2008 of US$548 million.

Financial assets

Included in financial assets classified as held for sale was US$1.8 billion of performing prime and non-prime Canadian vehicle finance receivables for which an agreement for sale was entered into in May 2008. Neither a gain nor loss was recognised on reclassifying these assets as held for sale. These assets are presented in the geographical segment, North America. The sale was completed on 29 July 2008.

12 Trading liabilities

At

30 June

2008

At

30 June

2007

At

31 December

2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Deposits by banks 

45,091

53,006

58,940

Customer accounts 

147,000

123,674

102,710

Other debt securities in issue 

44,363

40,953

44,684

Other liabilities - net short positions 

104,157

95,560

108,246

340,611

313,193

314,580

13 Financial liabilities designated at fair value 

At

30 June

2008

At

30 June

2007

At

31 December

2007

US$m

US$m

US$m

Deposits by banks and customer accounts 

7,306

771

7,724

Liabilities to customers under investment contracts 

15,407

14,521

16,053

Debt securities in issue 

39,704

37,498

38,587

Subordinated liabilities 

22,706

18,575

22,831

Preference shares 

4,635

4,601

4,744

89,758

75,966

89,939

At 30 June 2008, the cumulative amount of the change in fair value attributable to changes in credit risk was a gain of US$2,443 million (30 June 2007: loss of US$1,354 million; 31 December 2007: gain of US$1,619 million), and the carrying amount of financial liabilities designated at fair value was US$2,397 million less (30 June 2007: US$11 million less; 31 December 2007: US$648 million less) than the contractual amount at maturity.

14 Maturity analysis of assets and liabilities 

The following is an analysis, by remaining contractual maturities at the balance sheet date, of asset and liability line items that represent amounts expected to be recovered or settled within one year, and after one year. 

Trading assets and liabilities are excluded because they are not held for collection or settlement over the period of contractual maturity. 

At 30 June 2008

Due within  one year 

Due after  one year

Total

US$m

US$m

US$m

Assets

Financial assets designated at fair value 

8,590

32,196

40,786

Loans and advances to banks1 

245,718

11,263

256,981

Loans and advances to customers 

495,856

553,344

1,049,200

Financial investments 

99,446

175,304

274,750

Other financial assets 

28,723

6,436

35,159

878,333

778,543

1,656,876

Liabilities

Deposits by banks 

145,597

8,555

154,152

Customer accounts 

1,128,991

32,932

1,161,923

Financial liabilities designated at fair value 

6,350

83,408

89,758

Debt securities in issue 

134,198

96,069

230,267

Other financial liabilities 

35,301

5,039

40,340

Subordinated liabilities 

1,333

30,184

31,517

1,451,770

256,187

1,707,957

At 30 June 2007

Due within  one year 

Due after  one year

Total

US$m

US$m

US$m

Assets

Financial assets designated at fair value 

4,374

30,475

34,849

Loans and advances to banks1 

 

208,552

6,093

214,645

Loans and advances to customers 

411,359

516,742

928,101

Financial investments 

97,538

135,463

233,001

Other financial assets 

21,221

5,490

26,711

743,044

694,263

1,437,307

Liabilities

Deposits by banks 

117,183

11,590

128,773

Customer accounts 

950,665

30,167

980,832

Financial liabilities designated at fair value 

810

75,156

75,966

Debt securities in issue 

117,530

111,709

229,239

Other financial liabilities 

29,951

8,322

38,273

Subordinated liabilities 

95

23,409

23,504

1,216,234

260,353

1,476,587

At 31 December 2007

Due within  one year 

Due after  one year

Total

US$m

US$m

US$m

Assets

Financial assets designated at fair value 

5,752

35,812

41,564

Loans and advances to banks1 

 

222,674

14,692

237,366

Loans and advances to customers 

438,246

543,302

981,548

Financial investments 

103,492

179,508

283,000

Other financial assets 

24,087

6,390

30,477

794,251

779,704

1,573,955

Liabilities

Deposits by banks 

124,475

7,706

132,181

Customer accounts 

1,066,148

29,992

1,096,140

Financial liabilities designated at fair value 

6,217

83,722

89,939

Debt securities in issue 

143,651

102,928

246,579

Other financial liabilities 

33,056

4,352

37,408

Subordinated liabilities 

341

24,478

24,819

1,373,888

253,178

1,627,066

1 'Loans and advances to banks' includes US$210,301 million (30 June 2007: US$176,594 million; 31 December 2007: US$189,081 million) which is repayable on demand or at short notice.

This information is provided by RNS
The company news service from the London Stock Exchange
 
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