29th Jul 2013 08:00
29 July 2013
Cambium Global Timberland Limited (the "Company")
Annual Report and Audited Financial Statements for the year ended 30 April 2013
The Company announces that the Annual Report and Audited Financial Statements for the year ended 30 April 2013 (the "Financial Statements") are available and attached hereto.
An electronic copy of the Financial Statements is available on the Company's website at www.cambiumfunds.com.
For further enquiries please contact:
Broker and Nominated Adviser
Panmure Gordon
Paul Fincham/Jonathan Becher
0207 886 2500
Investment Manager
CP Cogent Asset Management
Rich Standeven
+ 1 214 871 5400
Chairman's Statement
The Group's Net Asset Value ("NAV") as of 30 April 2013 is 59 pence per share compared to 67 pence per share at year end 30 April 2012. The NAV of the Group was impacted by reductions in timberland values and in company level expenses. During the fiscal year, currency movements had a positive impact on NAV. Total returns for the year were -11.4%.
The timber portfolio contributed -10.9% to the return over the twelve months. The reduction in value was primarily due to a decrease in land and tree value in Australia and to both properties in Brazil. One of the adjustments in Brazil was made for tree mortality that impacted approximately 1,300 acres of plantation in Tocantins. The other impacted the plantation in Minas Gerais and was caused by a decrease in timber and land valuations.
Sterling depreciation during the period covered by this Annual Report contributed 1.7% to the return and company expenses -2.2%.
The cost saving initiative has made good progress during the fiscal year. Several timber investment management organizations have been phased out across the portfolio resulting in annualized savings of approximately £400,000. Other cost savings have been implemented resulting in additional annual savings of approximately £60,000.
The strategic review initiated on 8 June 2012 has been completed and the conclusions were announced on 30 November 2012. The results of the EGM were released on 22 February 2013. The Board emphasised, in relation to the proposed realisation of the Group's assets, that it will not support the sale of the whole portfolio as a portfolio, rather than a piecemeal realisation of assets, unless that sale is at a price that is compelling and carries the support of shareholders. In the absence of a sale of the whole portfolio the Board will allow, within reason, as much time as is necessary to maximise value, accepting that this may take longer than the target of two years, possibly up to four years, before the final assets are sold. The Board understands that the Group's investments will require careful management and may involve further expenditure in order to ensure that their condition and value can be maintained or enhanced before realisation.
Finally, the Board has appointed Roger Lewis and Svante Adde as additional Independent Directors. Both Colin McGrady and William Spitz agreed to stand down as at 23 July 2013. The Board wishes to record its appreciation of the contributions made by the retiring Directors.
Mr Adde has over 30 years' experience in finance with most of those years focused on the forest products and timberland industries. He most recently served as a Managing Director for Pöyry Capital in the London office. Mr Lewis has over 40 years' experience in construction and investment companies. He has served on the board of several listed companies. Both Mr Lewis and Mr Adde have experience that will greatly benefit the Group in maximising value for shareholders during the realisation period.
We will share information on developments on the orderly disposition of assets in due course. At this stage, no sufficiently attractive offers have been received for the portfolio as a whole. The properties are each being managed prudently with a view to maximising value for shareholders at realisation. Care is being given, particularly with regards to the investment program, to make sure expenditures that could be delayed are not being made unless they will increase value for shareholders at realisation. Maintenance and investment activities that are necessary to maintain or enhance value are being undertaken.
Donald Adamson
Chairman
26 July 2013
Investment Manager's Report
Total returns for the period covered by this Annual Report were -11.4%. While the results are disappointing, we have taken steps to preserve or enhance value as the Group moves towards realisation. We continue to invest in maintenance to enhance vigour and health of the forests. As of year-end we have eliminated significant costs and have assumed the functions of the timber investment management organizations at the majority of the properties.
Below is a summary of the results by geographic area.
United States
The properties located in the southern United States represent 23% of the total net assets. Total returns for the US property during the year were -2.7%. During the period the appraised value of the timberland asset slightly improved, however interest expenses associated with the loan and other operating expenses more than offset the gain.
On 1 June 2012 we announced the completion of the sale of 13,810 acres of land located in Florida at a slight discount to the appraised value. Approximately 15,100 acres of land located in the state of Georgia remain in the portfolio. Predominantly, the timber type is comprised of intensively managed southern pine plantation forest assets. The properties are in a competitive wood markets region with an abundance of converting facilities located within close proximity.
We are beginning to see slight improvement in the price for pine saw logs in the US South as housing starts continue to improve. South-wide average prices for pine saw logs in the second quarter of 2013 improved 7.2% when compared to the same period a year ago. These assets are well positioned to capitalise on recovering US markets.
As of the date of this report there are a number of properties for sale across the United States, reflecting improving sentiment in timberland markets. Significant acreage has transacted in the first half of calendar year 2013 and the United States remains the most liquid timberland market in the world.
Brazil
The properties in Brazil represent 52% of the total net assets. During the period covered by the financial statements total returns were -9.5%. The loss was due to declining land values, timber prices and tree mortality on the 3R plantation.
Both the underlying land values and log prices declined approximately 7% during the year. The primary market in these regions is charcoal production for the pig iron sector that has been slow to recover. A weaker Brazilian Real should help exporters of pig iron. The tree mortality affected over 1,300 acres of two-year old trees at the 3R plantation in Brazil. A specific clonal variety planted at 3R failed and impacted about 12% of the planted acres. Other plantation owners in the area have had similar failed results with this specific clone.
As was highlighted in the interim report, the plantations have continued to mature and approach harvest with approximately 40% of the planted area attaining an age that is half way through the rotation cycle. Industrial buyers of wood continue to show interest in the plantations. The rapid maturation of the forest should be attractive to both financial owners of timberland and industrial users.
The market for timberland in Brazil continues to be illiquid due to the uncertainty regarding the foreign ownership of land. There have been very few timberland transactions in Brazil recently.
Hawaii
The lease properties in Hawaii represent 14% of the total net assets. Total returns for the year were -9.3%. The decline in value is due to lower log export prices used in the valuation process. Due to the mature nature of the timber on this property the valuations will continue to be most sensitive to log prices. The forests continue to add value through biological growth.
The market in China for logs continues to be strong and delivered prices have been trending up. One of the large timber owners in Hawaii continues to harvest and is shipping logs out of an industrial port from the Big Island. Also, construction on the wood-consuming 24-megawatt power plant continues with a scheduled completion to be end of year 2013.
Australia
The asset in Australia represents 8% of the total net assets. For the year the return was -32.8%. The negative return was due to a decrease in the land value as well as a write-down on a portion of the tree crop.
The major land use in the region of this asset is for grazing and agriculture. Few land transactions have occurred in this region providing for a decline in the values of land.
During the year we worked with the local authorities to remove the covenant that was associated with the salinity grant that was previously received. The covenant restricted the use of the land on portions of the property and was having a negative impact on the land value. To remove the covenant we refunded a portion of the grant. Removing this encumbrance on the property enhances the land value and will be more attractive to potential buyers.
Conclusion
The properties in the portfolio continue to mature. As the properties move closer to maturity they become more attractive to a range of both financial and industrial buyers of timberland. Timberland markets around the world remain subdued but are improving. The US South is showing signs of improvement, driven by improving housing starts. The number of timberland transactions in the US is trending upward reflecting renewed optimism for the asset class. In Brazil the forests are benefiting from the high biological growth that is expected from these assets. The forests are rapidly maturing and could be attractive to both industrial users of wood and financial owners. The plantations in Hawaii continue to add volume through biological growth and are well situated to be a supplier to strong log markets in China.
CP Cogent Asset Management
Investment Manager
26 July 2013
Board of Directors
Donald Lindsay Adamson (aged 54), Independent Non-executive Chairman
Donald Adamson has many years' experience in fund management, corporate finance and private equity. He acts as director or chairman of a number of listed and privately held investment companies including The Lindsell Train Investment Trust Plc, Invesco Leveraged High Yield Fund Limited and other companies. He holds an MA (Hons) from University College, Oxford in History and Economics and carried out postgraduate research at Nuffield College, Oxford in private equity investment. He is a member of the Chartered Institute for Securities & Investment and Chairman of the Offshore Committee of the Association of Investment Companies.
Svante Adde (aged 57), Independent Non-executive Director
Svante Adde studied at the Stockholm School of Economics to take his BA degree in 1979. He joined Citibank in Stockholm that year as an account officer and moved with Citicorp to London in 1983 to work in M&A and corporate finance. Svante joined Lazard Brothers in London in 1989 to head up their Nordic business which he led until 2003 as a Managing Director/Partner. During this period Lazard acquired its Stockholm office for which Svante was the Managing Director until 2003. Since 2003 he has worked as CFO of Ahlstrom in Helsinki, Managing Director of Compass Advisers, and from 2007 until 2013 was the Managing Director and a Senior Adviser of Pöyry Capital. Svante is currently a Non-Executive Board Member of Konecranes and Rorvik Timber, a Swedish saw milling business.
Roger Lewis (aged 66), Independent Non-executive Director
Roger Lewis has extensive experience in the property sector, most recently as a director of Berkeley Group Holdings Plc for over 15 years, the last eight of which was as Chairman, a position from which he retired at the end of July 2007. He subsequently acted as a consultant to the Berkeley Group until December 2012 and is a director of three Jersey based subsidiaries of the Berkeley Group as well as being a director of the States of Jersey Development Company Limited. Prior to this, he was UK Group Chief Executive Officer of Crest Nicholson Group PLC from 1983 to 1991. He is also currently a director of Grand Harbour Marina Plc (Malta) and is a director of Camper and Nicholsons Marina Investments Limited.
Colin Sean McGrady (aged 42), Non-executive Director
Colin McGrady is a founding partner of Cogent and is head of its asset management business. Colin is a director of Cogent GP, LLC and Cogent Partners Investment, LLC. Prior to co-founding Cogent, Colin was a member of the eight-person investment team at The Crossroads Group, a US$2 billion private equity fund of funds in Dallas, Texas. Prior to Crossroads, Colin spent three years at Bain & Company in the USA and Japan. Colin earned an MBA from Harvard Business School, received a BA in Economics from Brigham Young University and is a Chartered Financial Analyst.
Martin Willaume Richardson (aged 65), Independent Non-executive Director
Martin Richardson was a partner of the Jersey practice of Rawlinson & Hunter between 1987 and 2009 and continues as a consultant to the firm, specialising in trust and mutual fund administration services to the financial services sector. He is a director of a number of mutual funds and other companies. He has a BA in Science Engineering from the Royal Military College of Science, Shrivenham and served in the Royal Engineers between 1968 and 1977. On leaving the army, he qualified as a Chartered Accountant with Coopers & Lybrand, Jersey for whom he worked from 1976 to 1981.
Robert James Rickman (aged 55), Independent Non-executive Director
Robert Rickman is a director of and adviser to a number of forestry and forest industry companies in the UK and internationally. He is a founding partner of the Rockley Group, making and managing technology-based investments worldwide. From 2001 until 2007 he was a director and latterly chairman of the AIM quoted Highland Timber Plc, with forestry operations in the UK and New Zealand. He is a non-executive director of The Schroder Mid Cap Investment Trust Limited and of Carclo plc, a diversified manufacturing group, both listed on the LSE. Robert was a non-executive director of Bookham Technology Plc from 1994 to 2004, during which time the company was listed on the LSE and NASDAQ. He has held various non-executive and executive positions with a number of forestry companies (including until 1999, FIM Services Limited) and was an economist for the Government of St. Lucia. He is a current member of the UK Institute of Chartered Foresters. Robert has a MA in Agriculture and Forest Science and an MSc in Forestry and its relation to Land Management from the University of Oxford.
William Taylor Spitz (aged 62), Independent Non-executive Director
William Spitz is a principal and director of Diversified Trust Company and is also vice-chancellor for Investments Emeritus for Vanderbilt University. Prior to his retirement after 22 years of service, he was responsible for the management of the University's US$3.5 billion endowment as well as its treasury and technology transfer operations. During that period, he served on a number of advisory committees for timber, private equity and real estate funds and was the recipient of several significant awards given to prominent members of the endowment community. In addition to Cambium Global Timberland Limited, William serves as a director of MassMutual Financial Group and Acadia Realty. Previously, he served as a director of the Bradford Fund and was chair of the board of The Common Fund. Prior to joining Vanderbilt University in 1985, he was an officer of several investment management firms in New York. William is a Chartered Financial Analyst and holds an MBA from the University of Chicago.
Directors' Report
The Directors present their annual report and the audited consolidated financial statements (the "financial statements") of the Group, which comprises Cambium Global Timberland Limited (the "Company") and entities under its control (together the "Group"), for the year ended 30 April 2013.
Business of the Company
The Company was incorporated as a closed-ended Jersey registered investment company with limited liability on 19 January 2007. The shares were successfully admitted to the Alternative Investment Market ("AIM"), a market of the London Stock Exchange, with a dual listing on the Channel Islands Stock Exchange ("CISX"). The Company has received a certificate from, and is regulated by, the Jersey Financial Services Commission under the Collective Investment Funds (Jersey) Law 1988, as amended.
The Company operates a portfolio of geographically diverse timberland assets located both in mature and developing markets. The Company's portfolio consists of pine plantations in the Southern United States, fast-grown eucalyptus in Brazil, long-rotation eucalyptus in Australia, and eucalyptus sawlogs in Hawaii. The Company is fully invested. The Company's strategy is to generate superior total returns to investors by effectively managing an optimised portfolio of timberland properties and timberland-related investments diversified by location, age class and species. Each of the assets is managed on an environmentally and socially sustainable basis. Assets are managed for timber production with exposure to emerging environmental markets.
A review of business during the year and future developments is contained in the Chairman's Statement and Investment Manager's Report.
Going concern
On 30 November 2012 the Independent Directors announced the outcome of the strategic review initiated in June 2012. The Directors proposed and recommended a change of investment policy with a view to implementing an orderly realisation of the Group's investments in a manner which maximises value for shareholders and returning surplus cash to shareholders over time through ad hoc returns of capital. This proposal was approved by shareholders at an Extraordinary General Meeting on 22 February 2013. There is no set period for the realisation of the portfolio, but the stated aim of the Directors is to complete the process within 24 to 48 months of the date of that EGM. The portfolio will be monitored continually in order to assess the most appropriate realisation strategy to be pursued for each investment. Some investments may be considered appropriate for a sale in the shorter term, however others may be held for a longer period with a view to enabling their inherent value to be realised in an orderly manner. As a result, this period may be extended as necessary and it may take up to four years. Given the Directors' intentions to realise value from the sale of the Group's investments in an orderly manner over a period of up to potentially four years, and that as at the date of approving this Annual Report the Directors had not committed to sell any of the Group's investments to any particular party, the Directors believe that it is appropriate to prepare these financial statements on a going concern basis.
Results and dividends
The results of the Group are stated on page 13. The Directors do not propose a dividend in respect of the financial year ended 30 April 2013 (2012: £3,123,900).
The Board
The Board currently consists of five Directors. The Chairman is Donald Adamson who is independent of the Investment Manager. The Board considers that, with the exception of Colin McGrady, who resigned as a Director on 23 July 2013, the Directors, including Svante Adde and Roger Lewis, who were appointed on 23 July 2013, are independent of the Investment Manager.
It is required that Directors shall retire by rotation and stand for re-election at regular intervals of no more than three years, or in the case of a non-independent Director, every year. At each AGM the number of Independent Directors required to retire (other than any Director who wishes to retire without offering himself for re-election) shall not exceed one third of the total number of Directors. If two or more Directors have been in office for the same period of time then the Director(s) to retire shall be determined by agreement or by lot. Each Director is appointed for a three-year term subject to the performance evaluation carried out by the Remuneration Committee each year. The Board will agree whether it is appropriate for a Director to seek an additional term. There is no set notice period and no provision for compensation upon early termination of appointment. During the forthcoming year Martin Richardson will reach the end of his current three-year term and will therefore retire and stand for re-election.
Directors
The Directors of the Company, who held office during the year and at the date of this report are detailed below:
Appointed | Resigned | |
Donald Adamson | 19 January 2007 | |
Colin McGrady | 13 February 2007 | 23 July 2013 |
Martin Richardson | 19 January 2007 | |
Robert Rickman | 13 February 2007 | |
William Spitz | 13 February 2007 | 23 July 2013 |
Roger Lewis | 23 July 2013 | |
Svante Adde | 23 July 2013 |
Directors' interests
The following Directors had interests in the shares of the Company at 30 April 2013:
Number of | % held | |
shares | ||
Donald Adamson | 550,000 | 0.54 |
Colin McGrady | 300,000 | 0.29 |
Martin Richardson | 150,000 | 0.15 |
Robert Rickman | 25,000 | 0.02 |
William Spitz | 100,000 | 0.10 |
Colin McGrady is a founding partner of CP Cogent Asset Management LP, which acts as the Investment Manager for the Company.
Substantial shareholdings
Shareholders with holdings of more than 3% of the issued shares of the Company as at 3 July 2013 were as follows:
Number of | % held | ||
Name of investors | shares | ||
Baillie Gifford | 15,000,000 | 14.69 | |
Stafford Timberland | 11,141,157 | 10.91 | |
British Steel Pensions | 10,000,000 | 9.79 | |
Weiss Asset Management | 8,350,000 | 8.18 | |
Ironsides Partners | 7,996,465 | 7.83 | |
Investec Wealth & Investment | 7,322,358 | 7.17 | |
Artemis Investment Management | 7,088,411 | 6.94 | |
Henderson Global Investors | 5,000,000 | 4.90 | |
Goldman Sachs as marketmaker | 3,475,000 | 3.40 | |
Ironsides Partners CFD | 3,325,000 | 3.26 | |
Corporate governance
As a Jersey incorporated Company and under the AIM Rules for companies, it is not a requirement for the Company to comply with the UK Corporate Governance Code published by the Financial Reporting Council (the "FRC Code").
The Company has voluntarily chosen to adopt the principles and recommendations of the Association of Investment Companies ('AIC') Code of Corporate Governance (the 'AIC Code') by reference to the AIC Corporate Governance Guide for Investment Companies (the "AIC Guide"). A framework of best practice for Jersey domiciled Member companies was issued by the AIC in February 2013 and a Statement of Support was given by the Jersey Financial Service Commission ("JFSC") in relation to the adoption of the AIC Code by Jersey domiciled investment companies. The AIC Code, as explained by the AIC Guide, addresses all the principles set out in Section 1 of the FRC Code, as well as setting out additional principles and recommendations on issues that are of specific relevance to the Company.
On 2 April 2012 the Jersey Financial Services Commission issued Codes of Practice for Certified Funds (the "CF Codes") issued pursuant to the Collective Investment Funds (Jersey) Law 1988. The CF Codes have been prepared and issued for the purpose of establishing sound principles and providing practical guidance in respect of any Jersey certified fund or any Regulation or Order made under it. The Company has carefully considered the eight fundamental principles of the CF Codes and has adopted certain policies in order to comply with the new regulation.
The Board considers that it is appropriate to report against the principles and recommendations of the AIC Code by reference to the AIC Guide within this annual report and financial statements and to report against the principles of the CF Codes. The Directors believe that the Company has complied throughout the accounting period, except where noted below. The Board will continue to consider the Company's corporate governance practices, periodically at Board meetings, so as to remain satisfied with the degree of compliance with the principles as set out in the AIC and CF Codes. The following describes how the relevant principles of governance are applied to the Company.
Board meetings
The Board meets at least four times a year and between these formal meetings there is regular contact between the Investment Manager, Nominated Advisor, Broker, Administrator, Sub-Administrator, Delegate Company Secretary and Company Secretary. The Directors are kept fully informed of investment and financial controls and other matters that are relevant to the business of the Company. The Directors have access, where necessary in the furtherance of their duties, to independent professional advice at the expense of the Company.
Any matters that should be brought to the Directors' attention are provided in an agenda and all items are considered by the Board and its advisers at the Company's quarterly meetings. Sufficient notice is provided to all the Board members and the Investment Manager prior to any formal meeting. Focus is given to a review of the Company's investment performance, approval of financial statements, approval of borrowings by the Company and its Group, as well as associated matters such as investor relations, industry and market conditions and the overall strategy of the Company. A set of papers containing quarterly reporting is circulated to the Board in advance of the meeting and the Directors may request any agenda items to be added that they consider appropriate for Board discussion. All Directors are able to request relevant financial and regulatory information from its engaged parties and should expect to receive such items within a timely manner. Additionally, each Director is required to inform the Board of any potential or actual conflicts of interest prior to Board discussion.
Contractual agreements are not entered into without full and proper consideration by the Board and their contracts are reviewed on an annual basis by its Remuneration Committee. The remuneration of each appointment is carefully considered in line with the quality and experience of the provider and measured against the work they undertake for the Company.
The Board has agreed investment guidelines with the Investment Manager and the overall strategy and actions of the Company are not without due consideration to these remits. The Board monitors the guidelines in relation to repurchasing of shares and cash management.
The Board considers its share price discount at every Board meeting and will, if thought fit and proper, take action to address any imbalance in the supply and demand for Company shares.
Committees of the Board
Audit Committee
The Board operates an Audit Committee which comprises Donald Adamson, Martin Richardson, Robert Rickman and William Spitz. Martin Richardson serves as Chairman of the Committee. The Audit Committee operates within defined terms of reference as agreed by the Board which are available from the Company Secretary upon request. The Audit Committee function is to ensure the Company's financial performance is properly reported on and monitored. The Committee meets at least twice a year and considers the items below, however the list is not exhaustive:
• | the annual and interim financial statements; |
• | internal control systems and procedures; |
• | accounting policies of the Group; |
• | the Auditor's effectiveness and independence; |
• | announcements; and |
• | the Auditor's remuneration and engagement, as well as any non-audit services provided by them. |
When required the Audit Committee meetings are also attended by the Administrator and the Company's Auditors.
Remuneration Committee
The Board operates a Remuneration Committee which comprises all independent Directors. Either Martin Richardson or Donald Adamson acts as chair. The Committee operates within defined terms of reference agreed by the Board which are available from the Company Secretary upon request. The Committee meets at least once a year. The main duties of the Committee are outlined below, but the list is not exhaustive.
• | reviewing the performance and remuneration of the Board and of the Chairman; |
• | reviewing the performance and remuneration of the Investment Manager; and |
• | reviewing the performance and engagement terms of third party service providers including the Company Secretary and Administrator. |
As part of the evaluation process the Committee will evaluate the composition and balance of the Board. The experience, skills and effectiveness of each Director are also considered before recommendation of their individual re-election.
Details of the skills and experience of the Directors are disclosed in the biography section on page 5.
The Chairman leads the performance evaluation of the Board and the Directors lead the evaluation of the Chairman. The Board, as a whole, evaluates its own performance and that of its committees and third party advisers. This evaluation ensures that the Chairman continues to remain independent from the Investment Manager and his integrity and judgement does not conflict with his own interests and those of the shareholders.
Meeting attendance
All members of the Board are expected to attend each Board meeting and to arrange their schedules accordingly, although non-attendance is unavoidable in certain circumstances.
The table below shows the number of meetings held during the year ended 30 April 2013 and the number of Board and committee meetings attended by each Director:
Board meetings | Audit Committee meetings | Remuneration | Other meetings | ||||||
Committee meetings | |||||||||
Held | Attended | Held | Attended | Held | Attended | Held | Attended | ||
Donald Adamson | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | |
Colin McGrady | 6 | 6 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
Martin Richardson | 6 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | |
Robert Rickman | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | |
William Spitz | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | |
Board responsibilities
The Directors meet at least four times a year to consider, as appropriate, such matters as:
• | the overall objectives for the Company; |
• | risk assessment and management, including reporting, monitoring, governance and control; |
• | any shifts in strategy that may be appropriate in light of changes in market conditions; |
• | the appointment and ongoing monitoring, through regular reports and meetings, of the Investment Manager, Administrator and other service providers; |
• | the Company's investment performance; |
• | share price performance; |
• | statutory obligations and public disclosure; |
• | the shareholder profile of the Company; and |
• | transactional and other general matters affecting the Company. |
The Board has been continually engaged in a review of the Company's strategy with the Investment Manager and Broker to ensure the employment of appropriate strategies under prevailing market, political and economic conditions at any particular time, within the overall investment restrictions of the Company.
To support the review of the strategy, the Board has focused at Board meetings on a review of individual investments and returns, country exposure, the overall portfolio performance and associated matters such as gearing and pipeline investment opportunities. Additionally a strong focus of attention is given to marketing, investor relations, risk management and compliance, peer group information and industry issues.
These matters are discussed by the Board to clearly demonstrate the seriousness with which the Directors take their fiduciary responsibilities and as an ongoing means of measuring and monitoring the effectiveness of their actions.
The Board has engaged external companies to undertake the investment management, administrative activities of the Company and the production of the annual report and financial statements, which are independently audited. Clearly documented contractual arrangements are in place between these firms that define the areas where the Board has delegated responsibility to them. Whilst the Board delegates responsibility, it retains accountability for the functions it delegates and is responsible for the systems of internal control.
Relations with shareholders
The Board monitors the trading activity and shareholder profile on a regular basis and places importance on effective communication with shareholders. Both the Broker and Investment Manager maintain dialogue with major shareholders and feedback is reported at least quarterly to the Board. In addition the Company reports formally to shareholders twice a year, by way of the annual report and interim report. All shareholders have the opportunity to attend the AGM of the Company where a Director is present to meet shareholders and answer any questions.
The Board has involvement in reviewing the content of communication to shareholders and the Chairman, from time to time, may meet with major shareholders to listen to their views. Current information is provided to shareholders on an on going basis through the Company's website: www.cambiumfunds.com.
Shareholder sentiment can also be gauged by the careful monitoring of the premium or discount that the Company's shares are traded at in the market when compared to those experienced by similar companies. The Board ensures that shareholders have sufficient information for them to understand the risk/reward balance to which they are exposed by holding the shares.
Internal controls
The Board is ultimately responsible for the Company's system of internal control and for reviewing its effectiveness. The Board confirms that there is an ongoing process for identifying, evaluating and managing the significant risks faced by the Company. This process has been in place for the year under review and up to the date of approval of this annual report and financial statements. In line with general market practice for investment companies, the Directors do not conduct a formal annual review of the internal controls. However, the Board does conduct an annual review of the financial reporting procedures and corporate governance controls and feels that the procedures employed by the service providers adequately mitigate the risks to which the Company is exposed.
The key procedures which have been established to provide effective internal controls are as follows:
• | Praxis Fund Services Limited, under a novation deed dated 6 June 2011, is responsible for the sub-administration and delegate company secretarial duties of the Company; |
• | Bedell Fund Services Limited, under an Administration Agreement, dated 3 February 2011, is responsible for the administration and company secretarial duties of the Company; |
• | the Directors of the Company clearly define the duties and responsibilities of their agents and advisers in the terms of their contracts; |
• | the Board reviews financial information produced by the Investment Manager on a regular basis; |
• | the Company does not have an internal audit department. All of the Company's management functions are delegated to independent third parties and it is therefore felt that there is no need for the Company to have an internal audit facility; and |
• | on an ongoing basis, independently prepared compliance reports are provided at each Board meeting. |
The internal control systems are designed to meet the Company's particular needs and the risks to which it is exposed. Accordingly, the internal control systems are designed to manage rather than eliminate the risk of failure to achieve business objectives and by their nature can only provide reasonable and not absolute assurance against misstatement and loss.
Bribery Act
The Bribery Act came into force on 1 July 2011. The Company undertakes third party review of its asset administrators and reviews the reporting on a quarterly basis. The Company ensures that adequate procedures are in place to prevent acts of bribery by assessing the risks.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act ("FATCA")
On 12 September 2012 the UK entered into a FATCA Partner Agreement ("IGA") with the US to collect information from financial institutions and automatically forward this to the IRS. In exchange, foreign financial institutions within the UK will be exempt from certain elements of the FATCA requirements, such as the need to enter into agreements with the IRS and withhold tax on certain payments. Since then Denmark, Mexico and Ireland have signed similar agreements. The Crown Dependencies have since considered the Model and UK Agreements and announced on 9 October 2012 that they will enter into a FATCA Partner Agreement with the US similar in form to the UK Agreement. They will consult with industry to determine how the FATCA Partner Agreement will work and have been engaged in formal negotiations with the US in recent months. In addition, the States of Jersey announced on 15 March 2013 its intention to agree a package of tax measures with the UK, similar to a FATCA style agreement. It is anticipated that both agreements will be signed in 2013, with guidance to follow. This guidance is likely to determine how funds are to accommodate the requirements of both the UK and US IGAs.
In October 2012 the Treasury Department and the IRS confirmed that the timeline for implementing new account opening procedures would be 1 July 2014. The Company will ensure that adequate measures are taken to comply prior to this deadline.
Directors' responsibilities with regards to financial reporting
The Directors are responsible for preparing the Directors' Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards. Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and of the profit or loss of the Group for that year. In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to:
• | select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; |
• | make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; |
• | state whether applicable accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and |
• | prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Group will continue in business. |
The Directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records that disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Group and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies (Jersey) Law 1991. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. The Directors confirm that they have complied with the above requirements in preparing the financial statements.
Auditor
The auditor of the Company, KPMG Channel Islands Limited, has expressed its willingness to continue in office and a resolution giving authority to reappoint KPMG Channel Islands Limited will be proposed at the forthcoming AGM.
Directors' remuneration report
An ordinary resolution for approval of this report will be put to shareholders at the forthcoming AGM.
Policy on Directors' fees
The Board's policy is that the remuneration of the Directors should reflect the experience of each Board Member and the Board as a whole. It is ensured that the remuneration of each Director, save for Colin McGrady, reflect their duties, responsibilities and time spent to be fair and comparable to that of similar size funds, with similar regulation and structure. The level of remuneration should be sufficient to retain the Directors to oversee the Company properly and to reflect its specific circumstances. It is intended that this policy will continue for the year ending 30 April 2013 and subsequent years.
Furthermore, the fees for the Directors are determined within limits set out in the Company's Articles of Association. The present limit is the aggregate of £200,000 per annum. The Directors are not eligible for bonuses or incentive schemes. Details of the Directors' remuneration during the year are disclosed below.
During the year the Directors received the following remuneration in the form of fees from the Company:
2013 | 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Donald Adamson | 40,000 | 40,000 |
Martin Richardson | 25,000 | 25,000 |
Robert Rickman | 25,000 | 25,000 |
William Spitz | 25,000 | 25,000 |
115,000 | 115,000 |
Colin McGrady waived his Director's fees for the year (2012: £nil).
The Chairman and Directors have not increased their remuneration since the Company's launch.
The Board has a breadth of experience relevant to the Company and has access to independent professional advice at the Company's expense where they deem it necessary to discharge their responsibility as Directors. The Board, with assistance of its Committees, can identify the need of any new appointments and consideration will be given as to whether a formal induction process is appropriate and if any relevant training needs to be offered for the role. Directors believe that any changes to the Board's composition can be managed without undue disruption.
Company performance
The Board is responsible for the Company's investment strategy and performance, although the management of the Company's investment portfolio is delegated to the Investment Manager. An ordinary resolution for approval of the investment strategy of the Company will be put to shareholders for approval at the forthcoming AGM.
On behalf of the Board
Donald Adamson | Martin Richardson | |
26 July 2013 | 26 July 2013 |
|
Independent Auditor's report
to the members of Cambium Global Timberland Limited
We have audited the Group financial statements (the "financial statements") of Cambium Global Timberland Limited (the "Company") together with its subsidiaries (the "Group") for the year ended 30 April 2013 which comprise the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of financial position, the consolidated statement of changes in equity, the consolidated statement of cash flows and the related notes. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards.
This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Article 113A of the Companies (Jersey) Law 1991. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
Respective responsibilities of Directors and auditors
As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors' Responsibilities set out on page 10, the Directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit, and express an opinion on, the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). Those standards require us to comply with the Auditing Practices Board's Ethical Standards for Auditors.
Scope of the audit of the financial statements
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements sufficient to give reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. This includes an assessment of: whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the Group's circumstances and have been consistently applied and adequately disclosed; the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by the Directors; and the overall presentation of the financial statements. In addition, we read all the financial and non-financial information in the annual report to identify material inconsistencies with the audited financial statements. If we become aware of any apparent material misstatements or inconsistencies we consider the implications for our report.
Opinion on financial statements
In our opinion the financial statements:
• | give a true and fair view of the state of the Group's affairs as at 30 April 2013 and of the Group's loss for the year then ended; |
• | have been properly prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards; and |
• | have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies (Jersey) Law 1991. |
Matters on which we are required to report by exception
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies (Jersey) Law 1991 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
• | adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Company; or |
• | the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or |
• | we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. |
Andrew P Quinn
for and on behalf of KPMG Channel Islands Limited
Chartered Accountants
37 Esplanade
St Helier
Jersey
JE4 8WQ
26 July 2013
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the year ended 30 April 2013
30 April 2013 | 30 April 2012 | |||
Notes | £ | £ | ||
Revenue | 6 | 282,014 | 1,356,561 | |
Cost of sales | (202,787) | (1,626,392) | ||
Gross profit/(loss) | 79,227 | (269,831) | ||
(Loss)/profit on sale of investment property and plantations | 16 | (72,204) | 686,730 | |
(Decrease)/increase in fair value of investment property and plantations | 15 | (4,487,584) | 1,592,252 | |
Impairment due to fire, hazardous weather and other damages | 15 | (1,484,922) | (1,451,208) | |
(6,044,710) | 827,774 | |||
Administrative expenses | 7 | (1,509,786) | (1,507,079) | |
Forestry management expenses | 8 | (648,657) | (809,576) | |
Other operating forestry expenses | 9 | (2,081,376) | (1,732,843) | |
Loss on revaluation of buildings, plant and equipment | 17 | (28,465) | (87,950) | |
(4,268,284) | (4,137,448) | |||
Operating loss | (10,233,767) | (3,579,505) | ||
Finance income | 10 | 20,958 | 65,258 | |
Finance costs | 11 | (515,924) | (619,839) | |
Net foreign exchange gain/(loss) | 26,366 | (58,796) | ||
Net finance costs | (468,600) | (613,377) | ||
Loss before taxation | (10,702,367) | (4,192,882) | ||
Taxation credit/(charge) | 12 | 1,792,519 | (304,269) | |
Loss for the year attributable to shareholders | (8,909,848) | (4,497,151) | ||
Other comprehensive income | ||||
Foreign exchange gain/(loss) on translation of foreign operations | 20 | 1,105,613 | (4,586,730) | |
Revaluation of buildings taken to revaluation reserve | 17 | - | (6,603) | |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the year | 1,105,613 | (4,593,333) | ||
Total comprehensive loss | (7,804,235) | (9,090,484) | ||
Basic and diluted loss per share | 13 | (8.72) pence | (4.35) pence | |
All items in the above statement are derived from continuing operations. All income is attributable to the equity holders of the parent company. There are no minority interests.
The notes form an integral part of these financial statements.
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
At 30 April 2013
30 April 2013 | 30 April 2012 | ||
Notes | £ | £ | |
Non-current assets | |||
Investment property | 15 | 28,494,485 | 35,839,567 |
Plantations | 15 | 30,825,045 | 37,333,035 |
Buildings, plant and equipment | 17 | 231,323 | 255,756 |
59,550,853 | 73,428,358 | ||
Current assets | |||
Cash and cash equivalents | 21 | 8,436,599 | 7,079,156 |
Trade and other receivables | 18 | 263,273 | 236,156 |
8,699,872 | 7,315,312 | ||
Total assets | 68,250,725 | 80,743,670 | |
Current liabilities | |||
Trade and other payables | 22 | 1,260,090 | 990,282 |
Tax payable | - | 23,705 | |
1,260,090 | 1,013,987 | ||
Non-current liabilities | |||
Deferred tax liabilities | 12 | 2,846,672 | 4,646,929 |
Bank loan | 19 | 3,787,463 | 6,922,019 |
6,634,135 | 11,568,948 | ||
Total liabilities | 7,894,225 | 12,582,935 | |
Net assets | 14 | 60,356,500 | 68,160,735 |
Equity | |||
Stated capital | 25 | 2,000,000 | 2,000,000 |
Distributable reserve | 26 | 88,589,060 | 88,589,060 |
Translation reserve | 15,728,366 | 14,622,753 | |
Retained loss | (45,960,926) | (37,051,078) | |
Total equity | 14 | 60,356,500 | 68,160,735 |
Net asset value per share | 14 | 0.59 | 0.67 |
These financial statements were approved and authorised for issue on 26 July 2013 by the Board of Directors.
Donald Adamson | Martin Richardson |
The notes form an integral part of these financial statements.
Consolidated Statement of changes in equity
For the year ended 30 April 2013
Stated | Distributable | Translation | Revaluation | Retained | Total | |
capital | reserve | reserve | reserve | loss | ||
£ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | |
At 30 April 2012 | 2,000,000 | 88,589,060 | 14,622,753 | - | (37,051,078) | 68,160,735 |
Total comprehensive loss for the year | ||||||
Loss for the year | - | -- | -- | - | (8,909,848) | (8,909,848) |
Other comprehensive income | ||||||
Foreign exchange gain on translation of foreign operations (note 20) | - | - | 1,105,613 | - | - | 1,105,613 |
Total comprehensive loss | - | - | 1,105,613 | -- | (8,909,848) | (7,804,235) |
At 30 April 2013 | 2,000,000 | 88,589,060 | 15,728,366 | - | (45,960,926) | 60,356,500 |
Stated | Distributable | Translation | Revaluation | Retained | Total | ||
capital | reserve | reserve | reserve | loss | |||
£ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | ||
At 30 April 2011 | 2,000,000 | 92,806,700 | 19,209,483 | 6,603 | (32,553,927) | 81,468,859 | |
Total comprehensive loss for the year | |||||||
Loss for the year | - | - | - | - | (4,497,151) | (4,497,151) | |
Other comprehensive loss | |||||||
Foreign exchange loss on translation of foreign operations | - | - | (4,586,730) | - | - | (4,586,730) | |
Revaluation of buildings, plant & equipment | - | - | - | (6,603) | - | (6,603) | |
Total comprehensive loss | - | - | (4,586,730) | (6,603) | (4,497,151) | (9,090,484) | |
Transactions with owners of the Company recognised directly in equity | - | (3,123,900) | - | - | - | (3,123,900) | |
Dividends | |||||||
Share buy-backs | - | (1,093,740) | - | - | - | (1,093,740) | |
At 30 April 2012 | 2,000,000 | 88,589,060 | 14,622,753 | - | (37,051,078) | 68,160,735 | |
The notes form an integral part of these financial statements.
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
For the year ended 30 April 2013
30 April 2013 | 30 April 2012 | |||
Note | £ | £ | ||
Cash flows from operating activities | ||||
Operating loss for the year | (10,233,767) | (3,579,505) | ||
Adjustments for: | ||||
Decrease/(increase) in fair value of investment property and plantations | 15 | 4,487,584 | (1,592,252) | |
Impairment due to fire, hazardous weather and other damages | 15 | 1,484,922 | 1,451,208 | |
Harvested timber | 15 | 189,469 | 1,621,124 | |
Depreciation | 17 | 1,494 | 1,717 | |
Loss/(profit) on sale of land and plantations | 16 | 72,204 | (686,730) | |
Loss on revaluation of buildings, plant and equipment | 17 | 28,465 | 87,950 | |
(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables | (27,117) | 359,174 | ||
Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables | 269,808 | (698,009) | ||
(3,726,938) | (3,035,323) | |||
Tax paid | (50,789) | (82,899) | ||
Net cash used in operating activities | (3,777,727) | (3,118,222) | ||
Cash flows from investing activities | ||||
Net proceeds from sale of plantation | 16 | 10,154,894 | 5,707,920 | |
Costs capitalised to land and plantations | 15 | (1,222,175) | (4,614,500) | |
Net cash from investing activities | 8,932,719 | 1,093,420 | ||
Cash flows from financing activities | ||||
Share buy-back | - | (1,093,740) | ||
Dividend paid | - | (3,123,900) | ||
Repayment of bank loan | 19 | (3,427,610) | (2,655,426) | |
Finance income | 10 | 20,958 | 65,258 | |
Finance costs | 11 | (480,454) | (590,575) | |
Proceeds from exercise of foreign currency options | - | 2,302,797 | ||
Net cash used in financing activities | (3,887,106) | (5,095,586) | ||
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 1,267,886 | (7,120,388) | ||
Foreign exchange movements | 89,557 | (366,725) | ||
Balance at the beginning of the year | 7,079,156 | 14,566,269 | ||
Balance at the end of the year | 21 | 8,436,599 | 7,079,156 |
The notes form an integral part of these financial statements.
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 April 2013
1. General information
The Company and its subsidiaries, including special purpose entities ("SPEs") controlled by the Company (together the "Group"), own a global portfolio of forestry based properties which are managed on an environmentally and socially sustainable basis. Assets are managed for timber production, with exposure to emerging environmental markets. As at the year end date the Group owned forestry assets located in Australia, Hawaii, Brazil and the Southern United States.
The Company is a closed-ended company with limited liability, incorporated in Jersey, Channel Islands on 19 January 2007. The address of its registered office is 26 New Street, St Helier, Jersey JE2 3RA.
These consolidated financial statements ("the financial statements") were approved and authorised for issue on 26 July 2013 and signed by Martin Richardson and Donald Adamson on behalf of the Board.
The Company has a dual listing on the AIM, a market of the London Stock Exchange, and on the Channel Islands Stock Exchange ("CISX").
2. Basis of preparation
The consolidated financial information included in the financial statements for the year ended 30 April 2013 has been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRSs") issued and adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB") and interpretations issued by the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee. They give a true and fair view and are in compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements of the Companies (Jersey) Law 1991.
The Financial Statements have been prepared in Sterling, which is the presentational currency and functional currency of the Company, and under the historical cost convention, except for investment property, plantations, buildings and certain financial instruments, which are carried either at fair value, fair value less cost to sell or fair value less subsequent accumulated depreciation and subsequent accumulated impairment loss.
The preparation of the financial statements requires Directors to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements. If in the future such estimates and assumptions, which are based on the Directors' best judgement at the date of the financial statements, deviate from actual circumstances, the original estimates and assumptions will be modified as appropriate in the period in which the circumstances change. For details of significant accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty, please refer to note 4.
Going concern
On 30 November 2012 the Independent Directors announced the outcome of the strategic review initiated in June 2012. The Directors proposed and recommended a change of investment policy with a view to implementing an orderly realisation of the Group's investments in a manner which maximises value for shareholders and returning surplus cash to shareholders over time through ad hoc returns of capital. This proposal was approved by shareholders at an Extraordinary General Meeting on 22 February 2013. There is no set period for the realisation of the portfolio, but the stated aim of the Directors is to complete the process within 24 to 48 months of the date of that EGM. The portfolio will be monitored continually in order to assess the most appropriate realisation strategy to be pursued for each investment. Some investments may be considered appropriate for a sale in the shorter term, however others may be held for a longer period with a view to enabling their inherent value to be realised in an orderly manner. As a result, this period may be extended as necessary and it may take up to four years. Given the Directors' intentions to realise value from the sale of the Group's investments in an orderly manner over a period of up to potentially four years, and that as at the date of approving this Annual Report the Directors had not committed to sell any of the Group's investments to any particular party, the Directors believe that it is appropriate to prepare these financial statements on a going concern basis.
New, revised and amended standards
At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the following standards and interpretations, which have not been applied in these financial statements, were in issue but not yet effective:
• | IAS 1 (amended), "Presentation of Financial Statements" (effective for periods commencing on or after 1 July 2012); |
• | IAS 19, 'Employee Benefits' (effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2013); |
• | IAS 27 (revised) "Separate Financial Statements" (revised version effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2013 on adoption of IFRS 10 and IFRS 12, with a further amendment for investment entities effective 1 January 2014); |
• | IAS 28 (revised) "Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures" (revised version effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2013 on adoption of IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12); |
• | IAS 32 (amended) "Financial Instruments: Presentation" (effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2014); |
• | IFRS 7 (amended), "Financial Instruments: Disclosures" (effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2013); |
• | IFRS 9, "Financial Instruments - Classification and Measurement" (effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2015); |
• | IFRS 10, "Consolidated Financial Statements" (effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2013, with a further amendment for investment entities effective 1 January 2014); |
• | IFRS 11, "Joint arrangements" (effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2013); |
• | IFRS 12, "Disclosure of Interest in Other Entities" (effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2013, with a further amendment for investment entities effective 1 January 2014); |
2. Basis of preparation (continued)
New, revised and amended standards (continued)
• | IFRS 13, "Fair Value Measurement" (effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2013). |
The Directors anticipate that the adoption of these standards and interpretations in future periods will have no material impact on the financial statements of the Group except as follows:
• | IFRS 13 will introduce a new framework for measuring fair value and will require enhanced disclosures in relation to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. |
New accounting policies effective and adopted
The following new standard, which has had no material effect on the Group, has been applied for the first time in these financial statements.
• | IAS 12 (amended), "Income Taxes" (effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2012). |
3. Significant accounting policies
A summary of the principal accounting policies, all of which have been applied consistently throughout the year, is set out below.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying accounting policies. The areas involving high degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where the assumptions and estimates are significant to financial statements are disclosed in note 4.
Basis of consolidation
The financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, including SPEs controlled by the Company, made up to 30 April 2013. Control is achieved where the Company has the power to govern, either directly or indirectly, the financial and operating policies of an investee entity so as to obtain benefit from its activities.
a) Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. The accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed when necessary to align them with the policies adopted by the Group.
b) Special purpose entities
The Group has established a number of SPEs for trading and investment purposes. The Group does not have any direct or indirect shareholdings in these entities. An SPE is consolidated if, based on an evaluation of the substance of its relationship with the Group and the SPE's risks and rewards, the Group concludes that it controls the SPE. SPEs controlled by the Group were established under terms that impose strict limitations on the decision-making powers of the SPEs' management and that result in the Group receiving the majority of the benefits related to the SPEs' operations and net assets, being exposed to the majority of risks incident to the SPEs' activities, and retaining the majority of the residual or ownership risks related to the SPEs or their assets.
c) Transactions eliminated on consolidation
When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries and SPEs to bring the accounting policies used into line with those used by the Group. All intra-group transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated on consolidation.
Revenue and other income
Revenue is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. Revenues are accounted for on an accruals basis.
Revenue comprises:
a) Sales - harvested timber or right of way
Where revenue is obtained by the sale of harvested timber or right of way, it is recognised when the significant risks and returns have been transferred to the buyer. In the case of harvested timber, this is generally on unconditional exchange. For conditional exchanges, sales are recognised when the conditions are satisfied.
b) Lease income
Lease income is recognised over the lease term on a straight-line basis, unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which benefit use derived from the leased asset is diminished.
c) Grant income
Government grants are recognised on receipt of funds or earlier if there is reasonable assurance that the conditions of the grant will be met. They are accounted for in the Statement of Comprehensive Income at fair value.
Finance income and finance costs
Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested and changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.
Interest income is accrued on a time basis by reference to the principal outstanding and the effective interest rate applicable.
Finance costs comprise changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, impairment losses recognised on financial assets and interest on the bank loan.
Foreign currency gains and losses are reported on a net basis.
Foreign currencies
a) Functional and presentational currency
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group entities are measured in the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the "functional currency"). The Group has selected Sterling as its presentational currency, as it is the currency in which capital has been raised and dividends paid, and is the functional currency of the Company.
b) Transactions and balances
Transactions in currencies other than Sterling are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates of transactions. At each period end date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the year end date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value and denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Gains and losses arising on retranslation are included in net profit or loss for the period, except for exchange differences arising on non-monetary assets and liabilities where the changes in fair value are recognised in other comprehensive income.
c) Group companies
The results and financial position of all the Group entities that have a functional currency different from the presentational currency of the Company are translated into the presentational currency of the Company as follows:
(i) | assets and liabilities in each Statement of Financial Position presented are translated at the closing rate at the reporting date; |
(ii) | income and expenses in the Statement of Comprehensive Income are translated at the average exchange rate prevailing in the period; and |
(iii) | all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income and presented in the translation reserve. |
On consolidation, the exchange differences arising from the translation of the net investment in foreign entities are taken to other comprehensive income. When a foreign operation is sold, such exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income as part of the gain or loss on sale.
The following exchange rates have been applied in these financial statements to convert foreign currency balances to Sterling:
30 April 2013 | 30 April 2013 | 30 April 2012 | 30 April 2012 | |
closing rate | average rate | closing rate | average rate | |
Australian Dollar | 1.4976 | 1.5268 | 1.5566 | 1.5278 |
Brazilian Real | 3.1082 | 3.1869 | 3.1001 | 2.7374 |
New Zealand Dollar | 1.8166 | 1.9303 | 1.9834 | 1.9701 |
United States Dollar | 1.5532 | 1.5750 | 1.6234 | 1.5937 |
Operating profit or loss
Operating profit or loss includes net gains and losses on revaluation and disposal of investment property and plantations, as increased by revenue less administrative expenses and operating costs and excludes finance costs and income.
Expenses
All expenses are accounted for on an accruals basis and include fees and other expenses paid to the administrators, the Investment Manager and the Directors. Expenses which are incidental to the acquisition of an investment property or plantation are included within the cost of that property and plantation; for example this will include legal fees, due diligence fees and other expenses associated with acquisitions that are capitalised.
Borrowing costs
All borrowing costs are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income using the effective interest method.
Impairment
The carrying amount of the Group's non-financial assets, other than investment property and plantations, buildings and improvements are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If such indication exists the asset's recoverable amount is estimated. Any impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income whenever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped together at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows.
An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount, after the reversal, does not exceed the amount that has been determined, net of applicable depreciation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.
Taxation
The Company is subject to Jersey corporate tax rate of 0%. No charge to Jersey taxation arises on capital gains. The Group is liable to foreign tax arising on activities in the overseas subsidiaries. The Group has subsidiaries incorporated in Australia, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Hungary and the United States.
The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit or net loss as reported in the Statement of Comprehensive Income because it excludes items of income and expense that are taxable or deductible in other years or that are never taxable or deductible. The Group's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted by the reporting date.
Deferred tax is the tax arising on differences on the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit and is accounted for using the liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the near future.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the Statement of Comprehensive Income, except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity.
Investment property and plantations
a) Investment property
Land is classified as investment property as it is held for capital appreciation. Investment property is recognised as an asset when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated with the property will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the property can be reliably measured. Investment property is initially measured at cost, including transaction costs.
Investment property is remeasured at fair value, which is the amount for which the property could be exchanged between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm's length transaction. The fair values are determined by independent professional valuers on a six monthly basis. Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of or from disposal of investment property are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income.
b) Plantations
Plantations are recognised as biological assets when the Group controls the asset as a result of past events, it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Group and the fair value or cost of the asset can be measured reliably. Plantations are measured on initial recognition and at each reporting date at fair value less cost to sell. Fair value less cost to sell is determined by independent professional valuers on a six monthly basis. Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of or from disposal of plantations are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income. Agricultural produce harvested from plantations are classified as harvested timber. Plantations can be divided in two classifications:
i) Pre-merchantable timber
Agricultural produce that has not matured to an age and class to be sold as harvested product is classified within this asset class. Pre-merchantable timber is carried at fair value less cost to sell. Once the pre-merchantable trees mature they are transferred to merchantable timber at fair value less cost to sell at the time of transfer.
ii) Merchantable timber
Plantations are classified as merchantable timber when they mature to an age that the trees can be traded actively in the markets. This asset class does not include harvested trees. The age at which trees are transferred into this class can differ by type of tree. Currently the majority of trees owned by the Group are transferred at the age of 15 years. Merchantable timber is carried at fair value less cost to sell.
c) Harvested timber
Plantations harvested are measured at fair value less point of sale costs as at the date of harvest and are reclassified to inventory if the harvest has not been sold at the reporting date.
Buildings, plant and equipment
Buildings and improvements are initially recognised at purchase price plus any directly attributable costs and subsequently revalued to fair value. The fair value of property is determined on a six monthly basis by independent professional valuers. Revaluation gains are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income to the extent that it reverses an impairment loss on the same property previously recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income, with any remaining gain recognised in equity through the revaluation reserve. Any revaluation loss is recognised directly in equity through revaluation reserve to the extent of any credit balance existing in the revaluation reserve in respect of that property, with any remaining loss recognised immediately in the Statement of Comprehensive Income.
Subsequent costs are included in the carrying amount of buildings, when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Comprehensive Income during the financial period in which they are incurred.
Motor vehicles and furniture and fittings are recognised at purchase cost less accumulated depreciation and any recognised impairment losses. Depreciation is provided at the rate of 12.5% per annum on motor vehicles on a diminishing balance basis. Depreciation is provided at the rate of 10% per annum on furniture and fittings on a straight-line basis.
Leased assets
Investment property and plantations held by the Group under leases which transfer to the Group substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Assets held under other leases are classified as operating leases and are not recognised in the Group's statement of financial position.
Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Group's Statement of Financial Position when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. The Group offsets financial assets and financial liabilities if the Group has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and interests and intends to settle on a net basis.
Financial assets
The Group's financial assets fall into the categories below, with the allocation depending to an extent on the purpose for which the asset was acquired. The Group has not classified any of its financial assets as held to maturity.
Unless otherwise indicated, the carrying amounts of the Group's financial assets are a reasonable approximation of their fair values.
a) Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They arise through deposits on new acquisitions and also incorporate other types of contractual monetary assets. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than twelve months after the reporting date which are classified as non-current assets.
Trade and other receivables are measured at initial recognition at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. The effect of discounting on these financial instruments is not considered to be material.
Impairment provisions are recognised when there is objective evidence (such as significant financial difficulties on the part of the counterparty or default or significant delay in payment) that the Group will be unable to collect all of the amounts due under the terms receivable, the amount of such a provision being the difference between the net carrying amount and the present value of the future expected cash flows associated with the impaired receivable. For trade receivables, such impairments directly reduce the carrying amount of the impaired asset and are recognised against the relevant income category in the Statement of Comprehensive Income.
b) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost and comprise cash in hand and demand deposits, and other short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
c) De-recognition of financial assets
A financial asset (in whole or in part) is de-recognised either when the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership; or when it no longer has control over the asset or a portion of the asset; or when the contractual right to receive cash flows from the asset has expired.
Financial liabilities
a) Financial liabilities at amortised cost
Trade payables and other short-term monetary liabilities are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. The effect of discounting on these financial instruments is not considered to be material.
Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, interest-bearing borrowings are stated at amortisedcost with any difference between cost and redemption value being recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income over the period of the borrowings on an effective interest basis.
b) De-recognition of financial liabilities
A financial liability is de-recognised when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired.
c) Stated capital
Financial instruments issued by the Company are treated as equity only to the extent that they do not meet the definition of a financial liability. The Company's shares are classified as equity instruments. For the purposes of the disclosures given in notes 25 and 26 the Group considers all its stated capital and all other reserves as equity. The Company is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.
d) Effective interest method
The effective interest rate method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or liability and of allocating interest income and expense over relevant periods. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts or payments (including all fees on points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset or liability or where appropriate, a shorter period.
Dividends
A dividend is recognised as a liability in the financial statements in the period in which it becomes an obligation of the Company.
Determination and presentation of operating segments
The Group determines and presents operating segments based on the information that is provided internally to the Board of Directors by the Investment Manager.
An operating segment is a component of the Group that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, including revenues and expenses that relate to transactions with any of the Group's other components. An operating segment's operating results are reviewed regularly by the Board of Directors to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance, and for which discrete financial information is available.
The Board of Directors is the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). Segment results that are reported to the CODM include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. The Jersey segment comprises mainly corporate assets and corporate expenses to administer and register the ultimate holding company.
Segment capital expenditure is the total cost incurred during the year to acquire property, buildings, plant and equipment and intangible assets.
4. Significant accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
The Group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimate will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.
Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
Going concern
The Directors have determined that it is appropriate for the Group to prepare its financial statements on a going concern basis. Details of the Directors' judgements in making this assessment are contained in note 2.
Held-for-sale assets and liabilities
The Directors intend to realise value from the sale of the Group's investment over a period of potentially up to four years and have not, as at the date of approving this Annual Report, committed to sell any of the Group's investments to any particular party. As a result it is the judgement of the Directors that it is not appropriate to account for the Group's assets and liabilities as held for sale.
Income and deferred taxes
The Group is subject to income and capital gains taxes in numerous jurisdictions. Significant judgement is required in determining the total provision for income and deferred taxes. There are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination and timing of payment are uncertain. The Group recognises liabilities for current and deferred tax based on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due and at what rates those taxes will be calculated, and based on judgements made in assessing what income may be taxable and what items may be deductible for tax purposes. The Directors have determined that deferred tax assets should not be recognised in these financial statements due to the unpredictability of future taxable profits against which such assets could be used. Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially recorded such differences will impact the income and deferred tax provisions in the period in which the determination is made.
Valuation of investment property and plantations
The Group uses the valuation performed by its independent professional valuers as the fair value of its investment property and plantations. Some of the inputs used in the valuation are based on assumptions. The valuers also make reference to market evidence of transaction prices for similar transactions, where available and appropriate (for details of significant inputs used in the calculation of the valuations see note 15).
Valuation of buildings
The Group uses the valuation performed by its independent professional valuers as the fair value of its buildings. As described in note 17, valuation is based on assumptions. The valuers also make reference to market evidence of transaction prices for similar transactions, where available and appropriate.
Functional currency
Judgements made by the Directors in determining the functional currency of individual entities in the Group and the reporting currency of the Group as a whole are disclosed in note 3.
5. Operating segments
The Board of Directors is charged with setting the Company's investment strategy in accordance with the Prospectus. The Board of Directors, as the CODM, has delegated the day to day implementation of this strategy to its Investment Manager but retain responsibility to ensure that adequate resources of the Company are directed in accordance with their decisions. The investment decisions of the Investment Manager are reviewed on a regular basis to ensure compliance with the policies and legal responsibilities of the Board.
The Investment Manager has been given full authority to act on behalf of the Company for transactions of up to 10% of the Group's NAV, including the authority to purchase and sell timberland and other investments on behalf of the Group and to carry out other actions as appropriate to give effect thereto. Whilst the Investment Manager may make the investment decisions on a day to day basis regarding the allocation of funds to different investments, any changes to the investment strategy or major allocation decisions have to be approved by the Board, even though they may be proposed by the Investment Manager.
The Board therefore retains full responsibility as to the major allocations decisions made on an ongoing basis.
The Investment Manager will always act under the terms of the Prospectus which cannot be radically changed without the approval of the Board of Directors and Shareholders. Details of the investment restrictions are set out in part 3 of the Admission Document and the Investment Strategy, available on www.cambiumfunds.com.
The Group operates in five distinctly separate geographical locations, which the CODM has identified as one non-operating segment, Jersey, and four operating segments. Timberlands are located in Australia, Southern United States, Hawaii and Brazil.
The accounting policies of each operating segment are the same as the accounting policies of the Group, as stated in note 3.
Jersey | Australia | North America | Hawaii | Brazil | Total | ||
30 April 2013 | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | |
Investment property and plantations | - | 5,647,288 | 12,225,380 | 9,451,455 | 31,995,407 | 59,319,530 | |
Other assets | 5,472,159 | 214,945 | 1,924,828 | 181,611 | 1,137,652 | 8,931,195 | |
Total assets | 5,472,159 | 5,862,233 | 14,150,208 | 9,633,066 | 33,133,059 | 68,250,725 | |
Total liabilities | 76,921 | 774,736 | 3,894,222 | 1,174,893 | 1,973,453 | 7,894,225 |
Jersey | Australia | North America | Hawaii | Brazil | Total | |||||
30 April 2012 | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | ||||
Investment property and plantations | - | 7,798,651 | 21,491,725 | 9,590,982 | 34,291,244 | 73,172,602 | ||||
Other assets | 4,374,941 | 314,695 | 1,930,445 | 98,809 | 852,178 | 7,571,068 | ||||
Total assets | 4,374,941 | 8,113,346 | 23,422,170 | 9,689,791 | 35,143,422 | 80,743,670 | ||||
Total liabilities | 130,507 | 986,678 | 7,146,706 | 1,262,875 | 3,056,169 | 12,582,935 | ||||
Jersey | Australia | North America | Hawaii | Brazil | Total | ||
For the year ended 30 April 2013 | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | |
Segment revenue | - | 32,748 | 229,146 | - | 20,120 | 282,014 | |
Segment gross profit | - | 32,748 | 26,359 | - | 20,120 | 79,227 | |
(Decrease)/increase in fair value of investment property and plantations | - | (2,411,580) | 243,135 | (533,333) | (1,785,806) | (4,487,584) | |
Forestry management expenses | - | 103,761 | 115,972 | 86,984 | 341,940 | 648,657 | |
Other operating forestry expenses | - | 638,831 | 204,629 | 317,384 | 920,532 | 2,081,376 | |
Jersey | Australia | North America | Hawaii | Brazil | Total | ||
For the year ended 30 April 2012 | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | |
Segment revenue | - | 35,454 | 1,298,708 | - | 22,399 | 1,356,561 | |
Segment gross profit/(loss) | - | 35,454 | (327,684) | - | 22,399 | (269,831) | |
Increase in fair value of investment property and plantations | - | 368,307 | 140,124 | 169,417 | 914,404 | 1,592,252 | |
Forestry management expenses | - | 117,120 | 252,828 | 107,010 | 332,618 | 809,576 | |
Other operating forestry expenses | - | 119,042 | 437,704 | 327,209 | 848,888 | 1,732,843 | |
As at 30 April 2013 the Group owned nine (30 April 2012: ten) distinct parcels of land across four main geographical areas.
The majority of the revenues in the years ended 30 April 2013 and 30 April 2012 arose from timber sales in North America.
The Group owns approximately 16,500 acres in Ashford, New South Wales, Australia. This land was previously being used for cattle grazing and is now being planted with high-value commercial and non-commercial species with a view to longer-term revenue from plantations.
The second strategy consists of buying established plantations in the southern United States. Established plantations with a balanced age class distribution are suitable for long and short-term sustainable yield. Marketable products include sawtimber and pulp, which can be sold into healthy forest product markets that exist in this geography. These properties also generate revenue from hunting leases and non-strategic land sales. After a land sale completed during the year (see note 16), the Group owns approximately 15,100 acres of land in two tracts in the state of Georgia (30 April 2012: three tracts in the states of Florida and Georgia) dedicated to this strategy.
The third investment strategy involves the development of fast-growth eucalyptus plantations to serve either export log markets in Asia or developing markets in Hawaii. The Group has a leasehold interest in two plantations on the Big Island of Hawaii dedicated to this strategy. Pahala consists of approximately 4,000 acres and Pinnacle approximately 4,500 acres of maturing eucalyptus trees.
The Group has a fourth investment strategy of converting bare land to eucalyptus plantation for conversion to charcoal to serve pig iron markets or for emerging pulp and paper markets in Brazil. The Group owns one property in Tocantins, Brazil of approximately 25,700 acres and three properties in Minas Gerias, Brazil totalling 29,400 acres dedicated to this strategy. It is anticipated that the eucalyptus will be grown on a rotation length of seven years.
6. Revenue
For the year ended 30 April 2013 | For the year ended 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Sales - harvested timber and stumpage | 184,285 | 1,205,031 |
Lease income | 87,688 | 151,530 |
Grant income | 10,041 | - |
282,014 | 1,356,561 |
The lease income is mainly from hunting leases which are for a term of two to three years. The income is recognised in the period it relates to on an accruals basis.
Physical revenue
2013 | 2012 | |
tonnes | tonnes | |
Pine sawtimber | 2,392 | 15,624 |
Pine chip and saw | 4,577 | 82,006 |
Pine pulpwood | 8,221 | 112,400 |
Poles | - | 1,869 |
Hardwood sawtimber | 368 | 888 |
Hardwood pulpwood | 4,335 | 8,660 |
19,893 | 221,447 |
7. Administrative expenses
For the year ended 30 April 2013 | For the year ended 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Investment Manager's fees (see note 31) | 605,213 | 816,417 |
Directors' fees | 115,000 | 115,000 |
Auditor's fees | 75,685 | 74,895 |
Professional & other fees | 607,041 | 387,186 |
Administration of subsidiaries | 106,847 | 113,581 |
1,509,786 | 1,507,079 |
Administration of subsidiaries includes statutory fees, accounting fees and administrative expenses in regard to the asset holding subsidiaries.
8. Forestry management expenses
For the year ended 30 April 2013 | For the year ended 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Asset management fees | 545,422 | 692,026 |
Appraisal fees | 103,235 | 113,296 |
Other | - | 4,254 |
648,657 | 809,576 |
9. Other operating forestry expenses
For the year ended 30 April 2013 | For the year ended 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Property management fees | 819,632 | 673,309 |
Property taxes | 101,806 | 158,169 |
Lease payments | 158,197 | 137,838 |
Fertilisation | 47,416 | 244,750 |
Repairs and maintenance | 133,931 | 27,574 |
Trials, inventory and research | 23,174 | 32,976 |
Pest control, forest protection and insurance | 265,632 | 184,428 |
Depreciation | 1,494 | 1,717 |
Selling and marketing expenses | 8,829 | 87,902 |
Repayment of government grant | 404,130 | - |
Other | 117,135 | 184,180 |
2,081,376 | 1,732,843 |
10. Finance income
For the year ended 30 April 2013 | For the year ended 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Bank interest | 20,958 | 65,258 |
11. Finance costs
For the year ended 30 April 2013 | For the year ended 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Interest paid on bank loan (note 19) | 242,733 | 512,391 |
Other finance costs | 273,191 | 107,448 |
515,924 | 619,839 |
12. Taxation
Taxation on loss on ordinary activities
The Group's tax (credit)/charge for the year comprises:
For the year ended 30 April 2013 | For the year ended 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Current taxation charge | ||
New Zealand at 28% | - | 22,595 |
Hungary at 10% | 69,566 | - |
United States at 15%-35%* | (18,777) | - |
50,789 | 22,595 | |
Deferred taxation credit | ||
Australia at 30% | (708,744) | 126,908 |
Brazil at 34% | (996,405) | 343,592 |
United States at 15%-35%* | (138,159) | (188,826) |
(1,843,308) | 281,674 | |
(1,792,519) | 304,269 |
* Marginal corporate income taxes in the United States vary between 15% and 35% depending on the size of the profits.
For the year ended 30 April 2013 | For the year ended 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Tax expense reconciliation | ||
Loss for the year | (10,702,367) | (4,192,882) |
Less: income non-taxable | (690,726) | (1,224,425) |
Add: non-deductible expenditure | 5,146,989 | 3,041,043 |
Add: deferred tax assets not provided | 552,800 | 3,202,066 |
Add: other permanent differences | 49,098 | - |
Change in tax rate | - | 127,734 |
Taxable (loss)/profit for the year | (5,644,206) | 953,536 |
At the year end date the Group has unused operational and capital tax losses. No deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect these losses due to the unpredictability of future taxable profits available against which they can be utilised. Tax losses arising in the United States can be carried forward for up to 20 years; those arising in Brazil and Australia can be carried forward indefinitely.
Operational tax losses for which deferred tax assets have not been recognised in the financial statements
For the year ended 30 April 2013 | For the year ended 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Balance at beginning of the year | 11,875,911 | 11,258,456 |
Tax losses not provided | 3,426,102 | 1,009,477 |
Exchange movements | 487,911 | (392,022) |
Balance at the end of the year | 15,789,924 | 11,875,911 |
The value of deferred tax assets not recognised in regard to operational losses amounted to £5,140,588 (2012: £3,847,360).
The value of deferred tax assets not recognised in regard to capital tax losses of £7,890,296 (30 April 2012: £4,178,212) amounted to £2,548,541 (30 April 2012: £1,420,592).
Deferred taxation
The following are the major deferred tax liabilities and assets recognised by the Group and movements thereon:
Assets | Liabilities | Balance | |
2013 | 2013 | 2013 | |
30 April 2013 | £ | £ | £ |
Balance at the beginning of the year | - | (4,646,929) | (4,646,929) |
Movements | |||
Decrease in fair value of investment property and plantations | - | 1,849,921 | 1,849,921 |
Revaluation on buildings, plant and equipment | - | 9,500 | 9,500 |
Accelerated tax depreciation | - | (1,683) | (1,683) |
Capitalised assets deducted | - | (14,430) | (14,430) |
Total movements for the year | - | (1,843,308) | (1,843,308) |
Exchange differences | - | (43,051) | (43,051) |
Balance at the end of the year | - | (2,846,672) | (2,846,672) |
Assets | Liabilities | Balance | |
2012 | 2012 | 2012 | |
30 April 2012 | £ | £ | £ |
Balance at the beginning of the year | 7,768 | (4,785,470) | (4,777,702) |
Movements | |||
Increase in fair value of investment property and plantations | - | (175,388) | (175,388) |
Revaluation on buildings, land, plant and equipment | - | (80,567) | (80,567) |
Accelerated tax depreciation | - | 4,887 | 4,887 |
Capitalised assets deducted | - | (17,407) | (17,407) |
Capitalised liabilities taxed | - | (5,456) | (5,456) |
Other | (7,744) | - | (7,744) |
Total movements for the year | (7,744) | (273,931) | (281,675) |
Exchange differences | (24) | 412,472 | 412,448 |
Balance at the end of the year | - | (4,646,929) | (4,646,929) |
13. Basic and diluted loss per share
The calculation of the basic and diluted loss per share is based on the following data:
For the year ended 30 April 2013 | For the year ended 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Loss for the purposes of basic and diluted earnings per share being net loss for the year | (8,909,848) | (4,497,151) |
30 April 2013 | 30 April 2012 | ||
Weighted average number of shares | |||
Issued shares at 1 May | 102,130,000 | 104,130,000 | |
Effect of share buy-backs during the year | - | (837,227) | |
Weighted average number of shares in issue during the year | 102,130,000 | 103,292,773 | |
Basic and diluted loss per share | (8.72) pence | (4.35) pence | |
14. Net asset value
30 April 2013 | 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Total assets | 68,250,725 | 80,743,670 |
Total liabilities | 7,894,225 | 12,582,935 |
Net asset value | 60,356,500 | 68,160,735 |
Number of shares in issue (note 25) | 102,130,000 | 102,130,000 |
Net asset value per share | 0.59 | 0.67 |
15. Investment property and plantations
Merchantable | Pre-merchantable | Total | Land | Total | |||
timber | timber | plantations | |||||
30 April 2013 | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | ||
Fair value as at 1 May 2012 | 16,745,906 | 20,587,129 | 37,333,035 | 35,839,567 | 73,172,602 | ||
Capitalised costs | - | 1,221,723 | 1,221,723 | 452 | 1,222,175 | ||
Harvested timber | (189,469) | - | (189,469) | - | (189,469) | ||
Disposals | (3,137,777) | (684,348) | (3,822,125) | (6,149,831) | (9,971,956) | ||
Transfer to merchantable timber | 20,680 | (20,680) | - | - | - | ||
13,439,340 | 21,103,824 | 34,543,164 | 29,690,188 | 64,233,352 | |||
Fair value loss on land and plantations | (414,278) | (2,543,237) | (2,957,515) | (1,530,069) | (4,487,584) | ||
Impairment due to fire, hazardous weather and other damages | (31,588) | (1,453,334) | (1,484,922) | - | (1,484,922) | ||
Decrease in fair value of investment property and plantations | (445,866) | (3,996,571) | (4,442,437) | (1,530,069) | (5,972,506) | ||
Foreign exchange effect | 606,903 | 117,415 | 724,318 | 334,366 | 1,058,684 | ||
Fair value as at 30 April 2013 | 13,600,377 | 17,224,668 | 30,825,045 | 28,494,485 | 59,319,530 | ||
Merchantable | Pre-merchantable | Total | Land | Total | |
timber | timber | plantations | |||
30 April 2012 | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ |
Fair value as at 1 May 2011 | 19,515,224 | 16,793,551 | 36,308,775 | 43,838,060 | 80,146,835 |
Reclassification of land | - | - | - | (244,679) | (244,679) |
Capitalised costs | - | 4,597,682 | 4,597,682 | 16,818 | 4,614,500 |
Harvested timber | (1,621,124) | - | (1,621,124) | - | (1,621,124) |
Disposals | (932,698) | (250,206) | (1,182,904) | (3,606,868) | (4,789,772) |
Transfer to merchantable timber | 63,451 | (63,451) | - | - | - |
17,024,853 | 21,077,576 | 38,102,429 | 40,003,331 | 78,105,760 | |
Fair value gain/(loss) on land and plantations | 519,445 | 1,942,813 | 2,462,258 | (870,006) | 1,592,252 |
Impairment due to fire, hazardous weather and other damages | (1,387,203) | (64,005) | (1,451,208) | - | (1,451,208) |
Increase/(decrease) in fair value of investment property and plantations | (867,758) | 1,878,808 | 1,011,050 | (870,006) | 141,044 |
Foreign exchange effect | 588,811 | (2,369,255) | (1,780,444) | (3,293,758) | (5,074,202) |
Fair value as at 30 April 2012 | 16,745,906 | 20,587,129 | 37,333,035 | 35,839,567 | 73,172,602 |
No harvested timber was held at the end of the year (30 April 2012: nil).
The land and plantations are carried at their fair value as at 30 April 2013, as measured by external independent valuers Timberland Appraisal Services LLC, Consufor Advisory & Research, TerraSource Valuation LLC, URS Australia Pty Limited, and Indufor Asia Pacific Limited. Each of the valuers uses similar methodologies, though this can vary depending on the type of investment and local practices.
The appraisal for the South Atlantic property in the United States was undertaken by Timberland Appraisal Services LLC. A full valuation was carried out at 30 April 2013 and at 30 April 2012, updating a comprehensive appraisal undertaken as at 30 April 2011. The appraisal conforms to Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice in the United States, which the Directors believe complies materially with IFRS. Three valuation approaches were considered: the cost approach; the sales comparison approach; and the income approach. Each approach selected as being applicable and necessary to produce credible results is believed to have been applied appropriately. The methodology used in the current year is the same as that used at 30 April 2012. Key inputs and assumptions include timber prices, land values, projected timber growth and harvest, operational expenses and the discount rate.
The properties in Hawaii, Pahala and Pinnacle, are leasehold interests without any ownership of the underlying land. These investments, which represent the plantations only, were valued by URS Australia Pty Limited in accordance with IFRS. A desktop valuation was carried out at 30 April 2013 and a full valuation at 30 April 2012. A desktop valuation does not include a physical inspection of the property by the valuer. In the opinion of the Directors carrying out a full valuation as at 30 April 2013 would not have resulted in a material difference in valuation. For these valuations the discounted cash flow method was selected as being applicable and necessary to produce credible results. This approach is believed to have been applied appropriately. The methodology used in the current year is the same as that used at 30 April 2012. Key inputs and assumptions include timber prices, projected timber growth and harvest, operational expenses and the discount rate.
The 3R Tocantins property in Brazil was valued by Consufor Advisory & Research in accordance with IFRS. A desktop valuation was carried out at 30 April 2013 and a full valuation at 30 April 2012. A desktop valuation does not include a physical inspection of the property by the valuer. In the opinion of the Directors carrying out a full valuation as at 30 April 2013 would not have resulted in a material difference in valuation. The method applied for the bare land appraisal was the sales comparison approach. The analysis considered the bare land price from comparable transactions, soil quality, topography of the land, access and distance from cities and the proportion of the property which could be used for cultivation. For the planted forests up to 1 year old the replacement cost method was used to value the trees. This value is the product of multiplication of planted area and the establishment cost. For the planted forests over 1 year old, the discounted cash flow method is used to determine value. The methodology used in the current year is the same as that used at 30 April 2012. Key inputs and assumptions include timber prices, projected timber growth and harvest, operational expenses and the discount rate. There is a security interest over this property, the details of which are disclosed in note 30.
The three properties in Minas Gerais in Brazil were valued in accordance with IFRS. A full valuation was carried out at 30 April 2013 by TerraSource Valuation LLC and at 30 April 2012 by Consufor Advisory & Research. The method applied at 30 April 2013 was a combination of the cost approach and the income approach, with a weighting of 60:40 in favour of the latter. As at 30 April 2012, the sales comparison approach was used to value the bare land; planted forests up to 1 year old were valued using the replacement cost method; and planted forests over 1 year old were valued using the income approach. Key inputs and assumptions include timber prices, projected timber growth and harvest, operational expenses and the discount rate.
Indufor Asia Pacific Limited valued the Tarrangower investment in Australia consistent with the local equivalent of IFRS. A full valuation was carried out at 30 April 2013 and at 30 April 2012. Valuation of the land was sub-contracted to Colliers International. There is little comparable transaction evidence to determine the value of land for forestry purposes in the region. Therefore, a combination of the cost approach and the income approach was applied to value the assets in each period. The methodology used in the current year is the same as that used at 30 April 2012. Key inputs and assumptions include replacement costs, operational expenses, timber prices, projected timber growth and harvest, the compounding rate and the discount rate.
The impairment charge during the year related principally to tree mortality and lower growth rate in the 3R Tocantins property and also to a small fire in the Pahala property.
The discount rates used in these appraisals range in value from 5.75% to 9.0% (2012: 6.0% to 9.5%).
The Group is exposed to a number of risks related to its tree plantations:
Regulatory and environmental risks
The Group is subject to laws and regulations in various countries in which it operates. The Group has established environmental policies and procedures aimed at compliance with local environmental and other laws. Management performs regular reviews to identify environmental risks and to ensure that the systems in place are adequate to manage those risks.
Supply and demand risk
The Group is exposed to risks arising from fluctuations in the price and sales volume of trees. When possible the Group manages this risk by aligning its harvest volume to market supply and demand. Management performs regular industry trend analyses to ensure that the Group's pricing structure is in line with the market and to ensure that projected harvest volumes are consistent with the expected demand.
Climate and other risks
The Group's plantations are exposed to the risk of damage from climatic changes, diseases, forest fires and other natural forces. The Group has extensive processes in place aimed at monitoring and mitigating those risks, including regular forest health inspections and industry pest and disease surveys.
16. (Loss)/profit on sale of investment property and plantations
For the year ended 30 April 2013 | For the year ended 30 April 2012 | ||
£ | £ | ||
Proceeds from sale | 10,227,098 | 5,930,710 | |
Fair value | (9,971,956) | (4,789,772) | |
Cost to sell | (72,204) | (222,790) | |
Foreign exchange effect | (255,142) | (231,418) | |
Loss on disposal | (72,204) | 686,730 |
The sales of land and plantations in the current and prior periods relate to the Group's South Atlantic and Corrigan plantations in Florida.
17. Buildings, plant and equipment
Furniture | Buildings | Improvements | Motor | Total | |
and fittings | vehicles | ||||
30 April 2013 | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ |
Cost/valuation brought forward | 2,161 | 238,769 | 6,424 | 17,865 | 265,219 |
Accumulated depreciation | (1,083) | - | - | (8,380) | (9,463) |
Balance as at 1 May 2012 | 1,078 | 238,769 | 6,424 | 9,485 | 255,756 |
Movements | |||||
Impairment loss | - | (24,014) | (4,451) | - | (28,465) |
Depreciation for the year | (285) | - | - | (1,209) | (1,494) |
Foreign exchange effect | (9) | 2,429 | 2,757 | 349 | 5,526 |
(294) | (21,585) | (1,694) | (860) | (24,433) | |
Carrying value | |||||
Balance as at 30 April 2013 | 784 | 217,184 | 4,730 | 8,625 | 231,323 |
Furniture | Buildings | Improvements | Motor | Total | |
and fittings | vehicles | ||||
30 April 2012 | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ |
Cost/valuation brought forward | 2,131 | 110,309 | 16,415 | 16,576 | 145,431 |
Accumulated depreciation | (515) | - | - | (5,493) | (6,008) |
Balance as at 1 May 2011 | 1,616 | 110,309 | 16,415 | 11,083 | 139,423 |
Movements | |||||
Reclassification from investment property | - | 244,679 | - | - | 244,679 |
Impairment loss | - | (84,735) | (9,818) | - | (94,553) |
Depreciation for the year | (332) | - | - | (1,385) | (1,717) |
Foreign exchange effect | (206) | (31,484) | (173) | (213) | (32,076) |
(538) | 128,460 | (9,991) | (1,598) | 116,333 | |
Carrying value | |||||
Balance as at 30 April 2012 | 1,078 | 238,769 | 6,424 | 9,485 | 255,756 |
The buildings and improvements are carried at their fair value as at 30 April 2013, as measured by external independent professional valuers. A full valuation was carried out at 30 April 2013 and at 30 April 2012. The buildings and structural improvements have been valued as part of the land on the sales comparison method. The motor vehicles and furniture and fittings are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation.
18. Trade and other receivables
30 April 2013 | 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Goods and services tax receivable | 107,555 | 19,153 |
Trade receivables | 84,223 | 171,412 |
Prepaid expenses | 71,495 | 45,591 |
263,273 | 236,156 |
The Group's exposure to credit and currency risks and impairment losses related to trade and other receivables is disclosed in note 28.
19. Bank borrowings
30 April 2013 | 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company ('Metropolitan Life') | 3,787,463 | 6,922,019 |
The loan is secured on approximately 15,100 acres of timber and timberland assets located in two tracts in the state of Georgia (30 April 2012: 29,000 acres in the states of Florida and Georgia). The fair value of these assets at the year end was £12.2 million (30 April 2012: £21.5 million).
During the year, following the disposal of the Florida timberland, the Group repaid US$5.4 million of the loan and Metropolitan Life released US$0.5 million previously held as security on the loan. Early repayment penalties of approximately 25% of the excess amount are incurred for repayments of principal in excess of US$4 million per annum. Additionally, the loan terms restrict timber harvest levels, and amounts of timber harvest in excess of the agreed annual allowable cut are subject to penalties. The loan term is ten years, with a termination date of 15 October 2020 and interest rate fixed at 5.75% over the life of the loan.
20. Foreign exchange effect
The translation reserve movement in the year has arisen as follows:
Exchange rate | Exchange rate | Translation | ||
at 30 April | at 30 April | reserve | ||
30 April 2013 | 2013 | 2012 | movement | |
Australian Dollar | 1.4976 | 1.5566 | 237,439 | |
Brazilian Real | 3.1082 | 3.1001 | (185,977) | |
New Zealand Dollar | 1.8166 | 1.9834 | (1,145) | |
United States Dollar | 1.5532 | 1.6234 | 1,055,296 | |
1,105,613 | ||||
Exchange rate | Exchange rate | Translation | ||
at 30 April | at 30 April | reserve | ||
30 April 2012 | 2012 | 2011 | movement | |
Australian Dollar | 1.5566 | 1.5230 | (155,332) | |
Brazilian Real | 3.1001 | 2.6322 | (5,561,052) | |
New Zealand Dollar | 1.9834 | 2.0628 | 89,556 | |
United States Dollar | 1.6234 | 1.6707 | 1,040,098 | |
(4,586,730) | ||||
21. Cash and cash equivalents
30 April 2013 | 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Cash held at bank | 7,148,698 | 5,538,100 |
Cash held in Escrow | 1,287,901 | 1,541,056 |
8,436,599 | 7,079,156 |
The cash held in Escrow is held as security against the loan payable to Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (see note 19). During the year the sum of US$0.5 million was released from Escrow.
22. Trade and other payables
30 April 2013 | 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Accruals | 678,567 | 294,352 |
Trade creditors | 270,179 | 383,773 |
Retentions held* | 311,344 | 312,157 |
1,260,090 | 990,282 |
* The Company's Brazilian subsidiary, 3R Tocantins Florestais Ltda., has retained approximately 6% of the purchase price of the 3R Tocantins property for a period of five years from October 2008, to support any liability associated with the previous ownership.
The Group's exposure to currency and liquidity risk related to trade and other payables is disclosed in note 28.
23. Investment in Subsidiaries
The financial statements of the Group consolidate the results, assets and liabilities of the subsidiary companies listed below:
Name | Country of Incorporation | Beneficial interest | Financial year end |
Direct | |||
Cambium Tarrangower Holdings Limited | Jersey | 100% | 30 April |
Cambium New Zealand Holdings Limited | Jersey | 100% | 30 April |
Cambium Pahala Holdings Limited | British Virgin Islands | 100% | 30 April |
Cambium Pinnacle Holdings Limited | British Virgin Islands | 100% | 30 April |
Cambium Holdings Limited | British Virgin Islands | 100% | 30 April |
Corrigan Holdings Limited | British Virgin Islands | 100% | 30 April |
Cambium Minas Gerias Holdings Limited | British Virgin Islands | 100% | 30 April |
Cambium MG Holdings Limited | British Virgin Islands | 100% | 30 April |
Cambium South Atlantic Holdings Limited | British Virgin Islands | 100% | 30 April |
Indirect | |||
Cambium Hungary Holdings Kft | Hungary | 100% | 30 April |
Corrigan Hungary Holdings Kft | Hungary | 100% | 30 April |
Cambium Australia Trust (Unit Trust) | Australia | 100% | 30 April |
Cambium Pahala Inc. | United States | 100% | 30 April |
Cambium Pinnacle Inc. | United States | 100% | 30 April |
Cambium South Atlantic Inc. | United States | 100% | 30 April |
Cambium Corrigan Limited Partnership | United States | 100% | 30 April |
Cambium Brazil MG Investments Florestais Ltda | Brazil | 100% | 30 April |
3R Tocantins Investments Florestais Ltda | Brazil | 100% | 30 April |
Cambium New Zealand Holdings Limited was liquidated on 25 February 2013.
24. Net asset value reconciliation
For the year ended 30 April 2013 | For the year ended 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Net asset value brought forward | 68,160,735 | 81,468,859 |
Translation of foreign exchange differences | 1,105,613 | (4,586,730) |
(Decrease)/increase in fair value of investment property and plantations | (4,487,584) | 1,592,252 |
Impairment due to fire, hazardous weather and other damages | (1,484,922) | (1,451,208) |
(Loss)/profit on sale of investment property and plantations | (72,204) | 686,730 |
Loss on revaluation of buildings, plant and equipment | (28,465) | (87,950) |
Net finance costs | (494,966) | (619,839) |
Revaluation reserve movement | - | (6,603) |
Net foreign exchange gain/(loss) | 26,366 | (58,796) |
Loss before above items | (2,368,073) | (4,558,340) |
Share buy backs | - | (1,093,740) |
Dividend paid | - | (3,123,900) |
Net asset value carried forward | 60,356,500 | 68,160,735 |
25. Stated capital
30 April 2013 | 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Balance as at 30 April | 2,000,000 | 2,000,000 |
The total authorised share capital of the Company is 250 million shares of no par value. On initial placement 104,350,000 shares were issued at 100 pence each. Shares carry no automatic rights to fixed income but the Company may declare dividends from time to time to which shareholders are entitled. Each share is entitled to one vote at meetings of the Company.
On 22 February 2007 a special resolution was passed by the Company to reduce the stated capital account from £104,350,000 to £2,000,000. Approval was sought from the Royal Court of Jersey and was granted on 29 June 2007. The balance of £102,350,000 was transferred to a distributable reserve on that date.
The Company was granted authority by shareholders on 15 August 2008 to make market purchases of its own shares, an authority which was renewed on 4 October 2010, on 12 October 2011 and on 8 October 2012.
Shares in issue
30 April 2013 | 30 April 2012 | |
Number | Number | |
In issue at 1 May | 102,130,000 | 104,130,000 |
Buy-backs | - | (2,000,000) |
In issue at 30 April fully paid | 102,130,000 | 102,130,000 |
26. Reserves
The movements in the reserves for the Group are shown on page 15.
Translation reserve
The translation reserve contains exchange differences arising on consolidation of the Group's foreign operations.
Distributable reserve
In June 2007 the Company reduced its stated capital account and a balance of £102,350,000 was transferred to distributable reserves. This reserve is utilised if the Company wishes to purchase its own shares and for the payment of dividends.
27. Operating leases
The maturity of prepaid operating leases is as follows:
30 April 2013 | 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Less than one year | 116,262 | 107,743 |
Between one and two years | 131,357 | 107,743 |
Between two and five years | 43,792 | 146,633 |
Over five years | - | - |
291,411 | 362,119 |
The leases relate to the Hawaiian land. The lease terms expire in March and December 2015 and the Group has the right to extend these for a further five years.
28. Financial instruments risk exposure and management
In common with other businesses, the Group is exposed to risks that arise from use of financial instruments. The notes below describe the Group's objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks and the methods used to measure them. Further quantitative information in respect of these risks is presented throughout these financial statements.
Principal financial instruments
The principal financial instruments used by the Group, from which financial instrument risk arises, are as follows:
▪ | Trade and other receivables |
▪ | Cash and cash equivalents |
▪ | Trade and other payables |
▪ | Bank loan |
The Board of Directors and Investment Manager are responsible for overseeing the measurement and control of all aspects of risk management and hold regular meetings in order to do so.
Various risk management models are in place which help to identify and monitor key risks both at individual investment level and at a Group level. The risk management policies apply equally to the Group. Further details regarding these policies are set out below.
Categories of financial assets and financial liabilities
30 April 2012 | 30 April 2011 | |
Loans and receivables | ||
Trade and other receivables | 263,273 | 236,156 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 8,436,599 | 7,079,156 |
Current financial liabilities | ||
Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost | ||
Trade and other payables | 1,260,090 | 990,282 |
Non-current financial liabilities | ||
Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost | ||
Bank loan | 3,787,463 | 6,922,019 |
Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that the counterparty to a financial instrument will fail to meet obligations, causing a loss to the Group.
Cash and cash equivalents represent the majority of the Group's financial assets. The credit risk associated with the holding of cash and cash equivalents is managed under the Group's cash management policy. This policy states that the Group must spread cash between the Group's bankers, each of whom at any given time should hold an approximate maximum of the lower of either £5 million or 10% of the net asset value. The cash management policy will be reviewed on an annual basis by the Board of Directors and the Investment Manager.
The following table below shows the maximum exposure to risk of the major counterparties at the year end date.
Credit | Carrying | ||
30 April 2013 | rating | amount | |
Counterparty | agency | Rating | £ |
Investec Bank (Channel Islands) Limited | Fitch | F3 | 18,138 |
Royal Bank of Scotland International Limited | Fitch | F1 | 10,549 |
National Australia Bank Limited | Fitch | F1+ | 43,033 |
UBS AG | Fitch | F1 | 2,758,844 |
Morgan Stanley | Fitch | F1 | 64,248 |
Deutsche Bank AG | Fitch | F1+ | 2,608,722 |
BNP Paribas | Fitch | F1+ | 546 |
UniCredit S.p.A. | Fitch | F2 | 166,343 |
Regions Bank | Fitch | F3 | 1,740,996 |
Bank of America Corporation | Fitch | F1 | 152,684 |
HSBC | Fitch | F1+ | 241,194 |
Banco da Amazonia | Fitch | F2 | 2,538 |
Citibank | Fitch | F1 | 628,764 |
Less than | 1 to 3 | 3 months | More than | |
1 month | months | to 1 year | 1 year | |
30 April 2013 | £ | £ | £ | £ |
Maturities of these financial assets | ||||
Investec Bank (Channel Islands) Limited | 18,138 | - | - | - |
Royal Bank of Scotland International | 10,549 | - | - | - |
National Australia Bank Limited | 43,033 | - | - | - |
UBS AG | 2,758,844 | - | - | - |
Morgan Stanley | 64,248 | - | - | - |
Deutsche Bank AG | 2,608,722 | - | - | - |
BNP Paribas | 546 | - | - | - |
UniCredit S.p.A. | 166,343 | - | - | - |
Regions Bank | 453,095 | - | - | 1,287,901 |
Bank of America Corporation | 152,684 | - | - | - |
HSBC | 241,194 | - | - | - |
Banco da Amazonia | 2,538 | - | - | - |
Citibank | 628,764 | - | - | - |
7,148,698 | - | - | 1,287,901 |
Carrying | |||
30 April 2012 | Credit rating | amount | |
Counterparty | agency | Rating | £ |
Investec Bank (Channel Islands) Limited | Fitch | F3 | 112,833 |
AIB Bank (Channel Islands) Limited | Fitch | F2 | 795 |
Royal Bank of Scotland International Limited | Fitch | F1 | 4,405 |
National Australia Bank Limited | Fitch | F1+ | 134,394 |
UBS AG | Fitch | F1 | 2,175,761 |
Morgan Stanley | Fitch | F1 | 61,555 |
Deutsche Bank AG | Fitch | F1+ | 2,000,902 |
BNP Paribas | Fitch | F1+ | 544 |
UniCredit S.p.A. | Fitch | F2 | 48,474 |
Banco Itau BBA S.A. | Fitch | F2 | 6,751 |
Midland Loan Services PNC | Fitch | CPS1 | 794 |
Regions Bank | Fitch | F3 | 1,830,835 |
Bank of America Corporation | Fitch | F1 | 68,748 |
HSBC | Fitch | F1+ | 341,171 |
Banco da Amazonia | Fitch | F2 | 3,133 |
Citibank | Fitch | F1 | 288,061 |
Less than | 1 to 3 | 3 months | More than | |
1 month | months | to 1 year | 1 year | |
30 April 2012 | £ | £ | £ | £ |
Maturities of these financial assets | ||||
Investec Bank (Channel Islands) Limited | 112,833 | - | - | - |
AIB Bank (Channel Islands) Limited | 795 | - | - | - |
Royal Bank of Scotland International | 4,405 | - | - | - |
National Australia Bank Limited | 134,394 | - | - | - |
UBS AG | 2,175,761 | - | - | - |
Morgan Stanley | 61,555 | - | - | - |
Deutsche Bank AG | 2,000,902 | - | - | - |
BNP Paribas | 544 | - | - | - |
UniCredit S.p.A. | 48,474 | - | - | - |
Banco Itau BBA S.A. | 6,751 | - | - | - |
Midland Loan Services PNC | 794 | - | - | - |
Regions Bank | 290,857 | - | 307,996 | 1,231,982 |
Bank of America Corporation | 68,748 | - | - | - |
HSBC | 341,171 | - | - | - |
Banco da Amazonia | 3,133 | - | - | - |
Citibank | 288,061 | - | - | - |
5,539,178 | - | 307,996 | 1,231,982 |
The Group has assets and liabilities at several counterparties and therefore has no specific counterparty concentration risk.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not be able to meet financial liability obligations as they fall due. The Group's liquidity risk is managed by the Investment Manager in accordance with policies and procedures established by the Board. The Board believes that the Group has sufficient resources to appropriately manage its liquidity risk.
The Group has a loan of £3.8 million (2012: £6.9 million) from Metropolitan Life which is secured on approximately 15,100 acres of timber and timberland assets located in two tracts in the state of Georgia (2012: three tracts in the states of Florida and Georgia). The fair value of these assets at the year end was £12.2 million (2012: £21.5 million). The loan term is for ten years. The interest rate is fixed at 5.75% over the life of the loan. The loan has a termination date of 15 October 2020.
The tables below analyse the Group's financial liabilities, which will be settled on a net basis, into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period at the year end to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows including interest payments. Balances due within twelve months equal their carrying balances as the impact of discounting is not significant.
Contract maturities of financial liabilities
Carrying | Contractual | Less than 1 | 1 to 2 | 2 to 5 | More than 5 | |
amount | cashflows | year | years | years | years | |
30 April 2013 | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ |
Trade and other payables | 1,260,090 | 1,260,090 | 1,260,090 | - | - | - |
Bank borrowings | 3,787,463 | 5,435,931 | 220,804 | 220,804 | 663,017 | 4,331,306 |
Total | 5,047,553 | 6,696,021 | 1,480,894 | 220,804 | 663,017 | 4,331,306 |
Carrying | Contractual | Less than 1 | 1 to 2 | 2 to 5 | More than 5 | |
amount | cashflows | year | years | years | years | |
30 April 2012 | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ |
Trade and other payables | 990,282 | 990,282 | 990,282 | - | - | - |
Bank borrowings | 6,922,019 | 8,713,100 | 3,552,445 | 209,622 | 629,441 | 4,321,592 |
Total | 7,912,301 | 9,703,382 | 4,542,727 | 209,622 | 629,441 | 4,321,592 |
Market risk
The sensitivity analyses in this note, relating to interest and exchange rates, are based on a change in an assumption while holding all other assumptions constant. In practice this is unlikely to occur and changes in some of the assumptions may be correlated, for example, change in interest rates and change in market values.
Foreign exchange currency risk
The Group is exposed to currency risk through investing in assets held in currencies other than the functional currency. As a result, the Group is exposed to the risk that the exchange rates of its currency relative to other foreign currencies may fluctuate and have an adverse affect on the Group's performance. The Group operates in various parts of the world and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various currency exposures, primarily with respect to Sterling, Australian Dollar, Brazilian Real and United States Dollar. Foreign exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions, recognised monetary assets and liabilities and net investments in foreign operations.
The Group froze its hedging policy following a recommendation from the Board from 15 April 2011 and with effect from this date the Group bears the risk of currency fluctuation.
The tables below summarise the exposure the Group has to foreign exchange risk in regards to financial assets and financial liabilities.
Monetary | Monetary | Net | |
assets | liabilities | exposure | |
30 April 2013 | £ | £ | £ |
Australian Dollar | 112,529 | 519,560 | (407,031) |
Brazilian Real | 995,038 | 479,582 | 515,456 |
United States Dollar | 2,145,333 | 3,937,714 | (1,792,381) |
3,252,900 | 4,936,856 | (1,683,956) |
Monetary | Monetary | Net | |
assets | liabilities | exposure | |
30 April 2012 | £ | £ | £ |
Australian Dollar | 207,655 | 45,998 | 161,657 |
Brazilian Real | 697,565 | 530,800 | 166,765 |
New Zealand Dollar | 870 | - | 870 |
United States Dollar | 1,996,372 | 7,196,157 | (5,199,785) |
Hungarian Forint | 12,607 | - | 12,607 |
2,915,069 | 7,772,955 | (4,857,886) |
The Group's policy is, where possible, to allow Group entities to settle liabilities denominated in their functional currency with cash generated from their own operations in that currency.
At the reporting date the Group's exposure to foreign currency in regards to all foreign operations, including all assets and liabilities, was as follows (expressed in Sterling):
30 April 2013 | 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Australian Dollar | 5,091,462 | 7,130,481 |
Brazilian Real | 31,159,606 | 32,087,253 |
New Zealand Dollar | - | 870 |
United States Dollar | 18,785,167 | 24,751,469 |
Hungarian Forint | - | 12,607 |
55,036,235 | 63,982,680 |
The Group is subject to concentration risk in relation to its exposure to US Dollars and Brazilian Real. The Group holds 31% (2012: 36%) of its net assets in US Dollars and 52% (2012: 47%) of its net assets in Brazilian Real.
At 30 April 2013, had Sterling strengthened by 15% in relation to all currencies, with all other variables held constant, the net asset value would have decreased by the amounts shown below:
30 April 2013 | 30 April 2012 | |
£ | £ | |
Australian Dollar | (763,719) | (1,069,572) |
Brazilian Real | (4,673,941) | (4,813,088) |
New Zealand Dollar | - | (131) |
United States Dollar | (2,817,775) | (3,712,720) |
Hungarian Forint | - | (1,891) |
(8,255,435) | (9,597,402) |
A 15% weakening of Sterling against the above currencies would have resulted in an equal but opposite effect on the net asset value, on the basis that all other variables remain constant.
Cash flow and fair value interest rate risk
Interest rate risk arises in the Group predominantly from the holding of cash and cash equivalents and its bank loan. The Board has established a cash management policy to ensure the best return from the Group's bankers and to mitigate interest rate risk arising from the holding of cash. Cash is predominantly held on short-term deposit and the Board reviews interest rates on a quarterly basis. The Group's interest rate profile is shown in the tables below.
Interest rate profile | Rate | Amount |
As at 30 April 2013 | % | £ |
Weighted average interest rate | ||
Loans and receivables | ||
Non-interest bearing | 0.00 | 263,273 |
Cash and cash equivalents | ||
Variable | 0.16 | 8,436,599 |
Financial liabilities at amortised cost - trade and other payables | ||
Non-interest bearing | 0.00 | 1,260,090 |
Bank loans | ||
Fixed rate | 5.75 | 3,787,463 |
Interest rate profile | Rate | Amount |
As at 30 April 2012 | % | £ |
Weighted average interest rate | ||
Loans and receivables | ||
Non-interest bearing | 0.00 | 236,156 |
Cash and cash equivalents | ||
Variable | 0.28 | 7,079,156 |
Financial liabilities at amortised cost - trade and other payables | ||
Non-interest bearing | 0.00 | 990,282 |
Bank loans | ||
Fixed rate | 5.75 | 6,922,019 |
For the Group, an increase of 100 basis points in interest yields would decrease pre-tax loss by £84,366 (2012: £70,792). A decrease of 25 basis points in interest yields would increase pre-tax loss by £21,091 (2012: £17,698).
Fair values
The fair values of the Fund's financial assets and liabilities carried at amortised cost are not significantly different from their carrying amounts.
30 April 2013 | ||
Carrying | Fair | |
amount | value | |
£ | £ | |
Financial assets carried at amortised cost | ||
Trade and other receivables | 263,273 | 263,273 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 8,436,599 | 8,436,599 |
8,699,872 | 8,699,872 | |
Financial liabilities carried at amortised cost | ||
Trade and other payables | 1,260,090 | 1,260,090 |
Bank loan | 3,787,463 | 3,142,141 |
5,047,553 | 4,402,231 |
30 April 2012 | ||
Carrying | Fair | |
amount | value | |
£ | £ | |
Financial assets carried at amortised cost | ||
Trade and other receivables | 236,156 | 236,156 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 7,079,156 | 7,079,156 |
7,315,312 | 7,315,312 | |
Financial liabilities carried at amortised cost | ||
Trade and other payables | 990,282 | 990,282 |
Bank loan | 6,922,019 | 6,639,819 |
7,912,301 | 7,630,101 |
29. Capital risk management
The Group's objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group's ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell net assets.
There were no changes to the Group's approach to capital management during the year. As at 30 April 2013, under the terms of its loan from Metlife, the Group's SPE Cambium South Atlantic Inc. was required to retain the sum of US$2,000,000 (£1,287,901) (2012: US$2,500,000 (£1,541,056)) in an Escrow account. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries were subject to any other externally imposed capital requirements as at 30 April 2013 or 30 April 2012.
30. Contingent liabilities
There is a security interest on the 3R Tocantins property to cover a liability, amounting to BRL 5.8 million (approximately £1.9 million), between the previous owners and Banco da Amazonia, a financial institution which lent money to the previous owners who used the property as collateral. 3R Tocantins Florestais Ltda. holds a security interest of superior value on another property of the previous owner to cover this potential liability in the event it materialises. The last valuation on the security interest property, which was undertaken in December 2008, amounted to BRL 6.9 million (£2.2 million). The security interest the Company holds will only be released after Banco da Amazonia releases the security interest on the 3R Tocantins property.
Should the Group sell the remainder of the South Atlantic property and repay the associated loan from Metropolitan Life in full before 25 May 2014, an early repayment penalty in the sum of US$548,338 would become payable. See note 19 for details of the penalty terms.
31. Transactions with related parties and their management personnel
Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial or operational decisions. CP Cogent Asset Management LP is the Investment Manager to the Company under the terms of the Investment Management Agreement and is thus considered a related party of the Company.
During the year £605,213 (2012: £816,417) was paid to CP Cogent Asset Management LP in respect of management fees. There was no balance outstanding at the year end (2012: £nil).
In addition to the management fees the Investment Manager is also entitled to receive a performance fee for an amount payable by reference to the increase in net asset value ("NAV") per share over the course of the financial year. The performance fee hurdle is the NAV at the start of the financial year increased at a rate of 8% per annum, but adjusting by subtracting the amount in pence per share of any dividend paid made during the period, and is subject to a high watermark. The high watermark of the Fund is currently the launch price of £1 per share. If the performance test is met and the high watermark exceeded, the performance fee will be 20% of the excess of the NAV per share multiplied by the weighted average of the number of shares in issue. No performance fee was paid in the year (2012: £nil).
Colin McGrady is a director of CP Cogent Asset Management LP, which acts as Investment Manager. Until his resignation on 23 July 2013, he was also a Director of the Company and has waived his Director's fees for the year.
The remuneration of the Directors during the year and the Directors' interests in the shares of the Company are disclosed in the Directors' Report.
32. Events after the year end
There were no significant events after the year end date that require disclosure in these financial statements.
Related Shares:
TREE.L