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December 2016 Quarterly Report

31st Jan 2017 07:00

RNS Number : 5102V
Salt Lake Potash Limited
31 January 2017
 

31 January 2017

 

AIM/ASX Code: SO4

 

 

SALT LAKE POTASH LIMITED

December 2016 Quarterly Report

 

The Board of Salt Lake Potash Limited (the Company or Salt Lake) is pleased to present its quarterly report for the period ending 31 December 2016.

Highlights: 

Surface Aquifer Exploration Program

Ø An 8.5 tonne amphibious excavator completed 127 shallow test pits and 7 trial trenches in the shallow aquifer at the Lake Wells Project. Sustained pump tests were completed on two 4.5m deep trenches in the southern part of the lake. Highlights from modelling completed in January 2017 include:

- Modelled annual flow rates of 1.1 - 1.3 Litres per second (L/s) based on a 1 year simulated model of the results recorded during the 50m trial trench pump test.

- Modelled annual flow rates of 0.23 - 0.28L/s based on a 1 year simulated model of the results recorded during the 25m trial trench pump test.

Deeper Paleochannel Aquifer

Ø The off-lake aircore drilling program, targeting the Lake Wells paleochannel, continued to successfully intersect Basal Paleochannel Sediments along the entire length of the paleochannel unit, which will comprise the main productive aquifer in the deeper part of Lake Wells brine resource.

Ø A second off-lake bore in the deep basal sand aquifer in the northern part of Lake Wells was test pumped at a constant rate of 8L/s for 4 days. The drawdown data exhibited boundary conditions consistent with the paleochannel setting.

Process Development Testwork

Ø The Company conducted a range of process development testwork to significantly enhance the Lake Wells process model. Substantial volumes of brine from Lake Wells were concentrated into harvest salts (Potassium and Sulphate mixed salts) in three separate trials under simulated and actual site conditions.

Ø The conversion and crystallisation of harvest salts at Hazen Research in Colorado then produced the first Sulphate of Potash (SOP) samples from Lake Wells brine.

Ø An extensive Site Evaporation Trial (SET) was established at Lake Wells. The SET has to date processed approximately 125 tonnes of brine and producing harvest salts on a continuous basis. The SET will continue to operate for up to 12 months generating site specific evaporation data and producing sufficient harvest salts for bulk production of SOP samples for distribution to potential partners and customers.

Regional Lakes

Ø Geophysical surveys were performed at Lake Irwin and Lake Ballard to resolve the geometry of the paleovalley, and to define the position and depth of the paleochannel at each Lake.

Ø Initial evaporation testwork on Lake Irwin brine confirmed the suitability of harvest salts for SOP production.

LAKE WELLS EXPLORATION

Surface Aquifer Exploration Program

In November 2016, the Company mobilised an 8.5 tonne amphibious excavator to gather further geological and hydrological data about the shallow brine aquifer hosted by the Quaternary Alluvium stratigraphic sequence in the upper 20 meters of Lake Wells.

The aim of the program is to evaluate the geology of the shallow Lake Bed Sediments, and to undertake pumping trials to provide estimates of the potential brine yield from trenches in the shallow sediment.

The excavator program is also providing important geological and geotechnical information for potential siting and construction of trenches and on-lake brine evaporation ponds.

The program to the end of 2016 included the excavation of 127 test pits in three tranches over the lake playa. The test pits were generally excavated to an area of 1 meter x 1.5 meters and a depth of 4 meters and are representative of the shallow stratigraphy of the lake playa.

The test pits were logged for geology, hydrology and brine chemistry during the excavation process. Particle Size Distribution (PSD) samples and brine samples were taken from each pit.

The test pits were also subject to short duration pumping tests in order to analyse the recovery of the brine levels in the test pits.

Based on the geology and hydrological information from the test pits, a number of sites for excavation of larger test trenches were chosen, reflecting the variability of the geology and hydrogeology encountered in the lake playa sediments.

A total of seven trenches were excavated on the chosen sites, each approximately 4.5 meters deep and between 25 meters to 50 meters long. Benching was used to provide geotechnical stability for the trench sidewalls and the resulting trenches are approximately 5m wide at the surface and 1m wide at the base.

Five of the trenches were located in the southern end of the Lake Wells, in close proximity to the Evaporation Trial Site. To date two trenches have been test pumped.

 

Geology of the shallow sediments

Based on the widespread test pits the shallow aquifer geology is reasonably uniform across the Lake. The shallow sediment is generally composed of Cenozoic (Quaternary - Holocene) brown to white to red, unconsolidated, gypsiferous sand, silt and clay with a strong overprint of ferric oxides from 0.5 to around 3 - 8m depth. Dominated by sub-angular, well sorted, very fine to medium quartz sand, the sand commonly grades progressively to a more silt and clay dominated sediment with depth, with occasional interbedded sand lenses. Authigenic prismatic and tabular gypsum is common, growing in discontinuous, vein-like structures throughout the unit, with a large variety of crystal sizes. Minor, medium-grained lithic fragments can be found throughout this gypsum.

 

Trench P1a (25m)

The geological sequence in P1a consisted of a 0.7m layer of surficial coarse grained evaporate sand overlying silt and clay with evaporate clasts to 3m depth. Plasticine clays were encountered from 3m to the base of the trench. The trench appears to have average brine flows in visual comparison to other trenches and test pits.

Trench P1c (50m)

For P1c the geological sequence includes a 0.4m thick layer of surficial coarse-grained evaporite sand overlying silt with evaporite clasts to 2m depth. The interval from 2m to 2.8m comprised a stiff fractured/fissured clay that yielded significant brine. Sediment from 2.8 to 3.6m was soft clay and the underlying interval to total depth of 4.4m was silt and fine grained evaporate sands that also yielded brine.

 

Sustained Test Pumping Results

Trenches were test pumped for several days using a pair of centrifugal suction pumps yielding up to 4L/s each. The test pumping process involved pumping out the trench volume with both pumps until the brine level was drawn down to a predetermined level above the trench floor. The pump yields were then restricted to keep the brine in the trench at this predetermined level. The brine from the trench was disposed away from the test trenches to prevent recycling of brine and creating an artificial recharge boundary.

Observation wells were constructed at distances varying from 10, 20, 50, and 76 meters away from the trenches to measure the water table drawdown in the surrounding aquifer during trench pumping. These wells were logged for geological information and constructed with slotted 50mm casing to the bottom of the well at 6 meters below surface.

The brine level elevations were measured with water data loggers in both the trench and the observation wells and verified during the test pumping with manual readings. The cumulative brine yield from the pumps were measured with a calibrated flow meter.

Standing water level of the brine was approximately 0.5m below ground surface at each trench and in the observation wells before test pumping started.

The data from the trench test pumping were analysed and processed based on the measured brine flows, water level readings in the trenches and the observation wells.

Note that the amount of brine pumped daily from the trenches decreased after one day in P1a and two days in P1c. This is due to the removal of the trench storage. After this initial period the inflows were from the surrounding aquifer material.

As expected, the aquifer material surrounding the P1c trench displayed more permeability than the material surrounding the P1a trench and this can be seen in the drawdown measured in the observation wells.

P1a Detail Analysis

The brine level in the trench was drawn down by 1.4m to stabilise at approximately 1.7m below ground surface. Pumping was then continued at a lower rate to maintain a constant brine level in the trench and balance brine inflow to the trench with pumping. By the end of the 8.3 day trial the flow rate from the trench had reduced to 38m3/day (0.6L/s) as the surrounding material close to the 25 meter long trench was dewatered.

P1c Detail Analysis

The brine level in the trench was drawn down by 2m to stabilise at approximately 2.5m below ground surface, pumping was then continued to maintain a stable water table in the trench, while brine inflow from the surrounding sediment balanced pumping from the trench. By the end of the trial the pumping rate required to maintain a stable brine level had decreased to approximately 130m3/day (1.6L/s) as the surrounding material close to the trench was dewatered.

Two rain events occurred during the P1c pumping trial, the first on 3 December 2016 (day 2 of the trial) and the second on 5 December 2016 (day 4 of the trial). The magnitude of each rain event was approximately 20mm, and the effect of rainfall recharge is observed in rising brine levels measured at monitoring bores around the trench.

These observations indicate the importance of recharge on the long-term water balance of the shallow lake bed aquifer.

Observation bores to the northeast of the trench exhibited significantly greater water table drawdown than the observation bores to the southwest indicating that the sediment is more permeable toward the northeast of the trench. Two permeability zones were applied in the model, a high permeability zone to the northeast of the trench and a lower permeability zone to the southwest.

Trench Data Modelling

A MODFLOW numerical flow model was constructed for each trench site using Visual Modflow software system (McDonald and Harbaugh (1988)1, SWS, 20112) based on the geological and hydrogeological data for each site.

The models were calibrated to the pumping flow rate and water table drawdown measured during each test. These calibrated models provide estimates of the hydraulic properties of the Lake Bed Sediments which will be used to inform the Pre-Feasibility Study for the project.

The models assume consistent hydraulic properties of the Lake Bed Sediment within the zone of influence of pumping. To date insufficient data is available to characterise any extended spatial variability in the geology.

[1] McDonald and Harbaugh (1988), A modular three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater flow model. USGS. Techniques of Water Resources Investigations book 6, chapter A1

2, SWS, 2010, Visual Modflow users Guide, Schlumberger Water Services

Modelling results

P1a

P1c

Trench Depth

4.5 m

4.5 m

Trench Length

25 m

50 m

Total Volume Pumped

557 m3

1,240 m3

Duration of Pumping

8.3 days

7.3 days

Average Flow Rate

67 m3/day

170 m3/day

Calibrated Model Aquifer Properties

· Permeability

· Drainable Porosity

 

3 m/day

10%

 

0.3 - 40 m/day

7%

Table 1: Trench Pumping Trial Overview

The results shown above indicate that the drainable porosity of the aquifers is very similar while the permeability vary much more due to the different geological settings of the trenches.

 

Longer term brine yield

The calibrated models developed for each trench were run for an extended duration of 1 year to assess the expected longer term brine yield from a test trench.

For each trench the calibrated model was run for a range of rainfall recharge scenarios:

a) no recharge,

b) 10% of annual rainfall (22mm)

c) 15% of annual rainfall (34 mm).

Trench P1a yielded a total of 8,000 to 9,000 m3 (equivalent to 0.23 - 0.28L/s) over the 1 year simulation for the different recharge scenarios while P1c yielded 36,000 to 40,000m3 (equivalent to 1.1 - 1.3L/s) over the 1 year simulation with the same recharge scenarios. The difference in lengths (P1a = 25m, P1c = 50m) did not account for large difference in pumped volume and it is attributed to the fact that trench 1C is excavated into highly permeable material.

 

P1a Long-term Yield

The long term yield of brine into trench P1a stabilised at ~20m3/day (0.25L/s) for the 25 meter trench.

 

P1c Long-term Yield

The long term yield of brine into trench P1c stabilised at ~105m3/day (1.2L/s) for the 50 meter trench.

Thirty brine samples were taken from test pits after the excavation process and the average potassium concentration was 3.522kg/m3.

Aircore Drilling Program

The off-lake aircore drilling program continued to test potential paleochannel aquifer targets identified by geophysical surveys in accessible areas in the southern end of Lake Wells.

The results from the drilling provided further understanding of the hydrogeological characteristics of the paleochannel aquifer and yielded the expected stratigraphic sequence consistent with paleovalley fill material.

Four drillholes totalling 441m were drilled on a transect in the southern area of the Lake, intended to define the deepest part of the basement (the "thalweg") in the Southern extent of Lake. All the drillholes intersected the granite basement and this information was used to validate the refined gravimetric geophysical data. The spacing of the drillholes is 200 meters apart from east to west.

Coarse sands were encountered Drillhole LWA051 from 119m down to 128m and it will be the target for a production bore in the current quarter.

This will complete the off-lake drilling program at Lake Wells for the time being, with future drilling to be undertaken on-lake, aimed at the best paleochannel targets defined in the refined geophysical model.

The average potassium concentration of brine samples taken from the aircore drillholes are shown in the table below. The samples were all taken from the Basal Paleochannel Sediment unit in each bore during the drilling and airlifting process. The sampled values range from a minimum of 2.420kg/m3 to a maximum of 3.390kg/m3.

 

Average

HOLE ID

K

(kg/m3)

Cl

(kg/m3)

Na

(kg/m3)

Ca

(kg/m3)

Mg

(kg/m3)

SO4

(kg/m3)

TDS

(g/kg)

LWA049

3.029

126.306

75.175

0.659

6.583

16.900

262

LWA050

3.332

136.983

81.350

0.625

6.937

18.200

285

LWA051

2.833

119.663

71.150

0.510

6.300

15.875

247

Table 2: Average Brine Chemistry of Samples taken from the Basal Paleochannel Sediment

Test pumping

A mud-rotary production bore LWTB011 was constructed on the LWA039 transect (in the northern part of the Lake) and a test pumping system from Resource Water Group was mobilised to Lake Wells.

The bore was screened from 100m to 124m over an intersection of sand, coarse sands and some fine gravels. The bore yielded 11.5L/s from airlifting while the bore was developed.

The pump was installed at 95m for the duration of the test pumping and a calibration test was completed for the bore, including pumping the following rates:

· 7 L/s for 5 minutes with drawdown of 34.85m

· 10.5 L/s for 5 minutes with drawdown of 46.68m

· 13L/s for 5 minutes with drawdown of 62.70m

· 15L/s for 10 minutes with drawdown of 80.51m

A step rate test with four steps was undertaken ranging from 7L/s to 13L/s. The duration of each step was 100 minutes and the last step at 13L/s was stopped short at 15 minutes due to the water level at 93.40m in the bore approaching the pump inlet at 95m.

A constant rate test at 8L/s was undertaken for four days with the water level in the bore reaching 69.68m and boundary conditions consistent with a paleochannel setting were encountered during the test. This was inline with the geophysical modelling of the gravimetric survey data.

The constant rate test results were modelled and the results indicated that the measured aquifer transmissivity for the screened interval is 10.1m2/day with a bulk hydraulic conductivity of 0.42m/day.

This bore pumping test provides additional valuable data on the potential productivity of the paleochannel basal aquifer in the Northern part of the Lake. The limited availability of off-lake paleochannel targets mean future bore pumping tests are likely to be undertaken on bores installed in the on-lake paleochannel targets.

Two brine samples were taken from production drillhole LWTB11 during the drilling and development process with average potassium concentration of 3.725kg/m3.

 

LAKE WELLS PROCESS TESTWORK

The proposed process for production of SOP at Lake Wells is based on brine extracted from the Lake being concentrated in a series of solar ponds to induce the sequential precipitation of salts, firstly eliminating waste halite and eventually producing potassium-containing salts (Harvest Salts) in the harvest ponds. These harvest salts are then processed by a combination of attrition, flotation, conversion and crystallisation into SOP and other end products.

During the quarter, three separate brine evaporation trials under both simulated and actual site conditions were completed or are continuing and substantial volumes of brine from Lake Wells have been concentrated into harvest salts (Potassium and Sulphate mixed salts).

Institutional process development company, Hazen Research Inc. (Hazen), in Colorado, USA, and Bureau Veritas (BV) in Perth conducted laboratory trials under simulated conditions to produce significant quantities of harvest salts and refine the Lake Wells brine evaporation model. An extensive Site Evaporation Trial (SET) was also established at Lake Wells to process large volumes of brine under site conditions.

Initial marketing samples of Sulphate of Potash (SOP) were also produced by Hazen by processing of harvest salts from Lake Wells brine.

Bench Scale Trial - Hazen Research

Hazen is a world class industrial research and development firm located in Golden, Colorado that has developed hundreds of hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical, and mineral beneficiation processes for most commercial metals and industrial minerals, and many inorganic and organic chemicals, including potash and other crop nutrients.

Salt Lake engaged Hazen to complete an evaporation, flotation and crystallisation trial on a representative sample of Lake Wells brine. The Hazen evaporation test was monitored using a USBM theoretical model; the actual evaporation pattern followed the modelled theoretical pattern very closely.

Hazen first evaporated an initial 240kg charge of brine under simulated site conditions producing 14kg of harvest salts for further testing.

Sighter rougher reverse flotation tests were then conducted on the harvest salts. Excellent initial halite separations were achieved in reverse flotation with approximately 90% of the halite removed from the harvest salts. Further rougher tests followed by rougher-cleaner and rougher-scavenger tests are planned to refine the process design in the coming months.

Flotation tails (harvest salt concentrate) were then converted to schoenite under controlled temperature and dilution conditions and filtered to recover the schoenite concentrate. XRD and ICP analysis of the converted schoenite showed excellent conversion to approximately 99% schoenite.

The schoenite was added to a saturated K2SO4 brine at 55ºC. At these conditions, SOP was crystallized from solution by selective dissolution and the Company successfully produced its first solid SOP marketing samples.

Site Evaporation Trial

A large scale, continuous Site Evaporation Trial (SET) has been established at Lake Wells to define process design criteria for the halite evaporation ponds and subsequent harvest salt ponds.

The objectives of the SET are to:

· Refine the solar evaporation pathway, under actual site conditions, for Lake Wells brine. The analysis of this pathway will refine the salting points of the various salts along the evaporation pathway allowing for the completion of a detailed mass balance for the pond system;

· Refine the quality and quantity of brine and salts produced at the various points along the evaporation path;

· Define the distribution in various salts of potassium, magnesium and sulphate through the evaporation system;

· Provide design information for brine in-flow requirements, pond area, required number of ponds and flow requirements between ponds for a commercial facility; and

· Determine opportunities for recycle of bittern or salt that may improve potassium, magnesium or sulphate recovery to the harvest salts.

· Provide bulk salt samples for further process testwork and production of bulk SOP samples for potential offtake partners and customers.

The outputs of the ongoing SET test work will also provide key inputs into the basis of costings for the halite and harvest evaporation ponds for the Lake Wells SOP project and assist in the development of a more extensive test work program include:

· Halite Evaporation Pond Design: On-lake pond construction trial;

· Flotation Test Work: Collected mixed salts from the harvest ponds will provide the inputs for flotation work;

· Conversion Test Work: Outputs from the flotation trials above will provide inputs for conversion design trials; and

· Crystallisation Trials: Outputs from the flotation trials above will provide inputs for crystallisation test work.

Brine is introduced to the first Halite Pond, H1, via a small, hand dug surface trench. The brine progresses on a continuous basis through a series of six ponds as it concentrates through evaporation: two halite ponds; two transition ponds; and two harvest salt ponds.

To date approximately 125 tonnes of Lake Wells brine has been processed through the SET across trains 1 and 2, establishing an initial continuous load of salts and enriched brine. The SET is expected to produce hundreds of kilograms of harvest salts per week over the summer months for further testing. The harvest salts recovered from the SET contain up to 50% Kainite (KMg(SO4)Cl.3(H2O)), a potassium double salt which can be readily converted into SOP following the basic process trialled at Hazen. The SET will operate over up to 12 months across a variety of weather conditions.

An Automatic Weather Station (AWS) has been established at the SET site, providing comprehensive, continuous data for temperature, solar radiation, pan & theoretical evaporation, relative humidity and wind velocity and direction. The AWS data combined with actual evaporation records from the nearby SET will allow for sizing and detailed production modelling of commercial scale evaporation ponds.

Bench Scale Trials - Bureau Veritas

The Company engaged international laboratory and testing company, Bureau Veritas (BV) in Perth, to conduct a series of tests evaporating brine at simulated average Lake Wells site conditions. The aim of the BV trials is to monitor the chemical composition of the brine and salts produced through the evaporation process to establish:

· Concentration thresholds in the brine chemistry which can be used to maximise the recovery of harvest salts and minimise the quantity of dilutive salts into a process plant;

· The quantity and composition of harvest salts which will for the plant feed in commercial production; and

· The potential for any internal evaporation pond recycle streams that may improve harvest salt recovery.

The first trial in the series consisted of evaporation of 90kg of brine on a load cell to monitor evaporative loss. The temperature of the brine was controlled to a constant 23oC using infra-red lamps and air flow across the brine surface was provided by a fan.

From the initial 90kg charge 3.25kg of harvest salts (dry basis) were collected and analysed for chemical composition and crystal structure.

The evaporation pathway at BV appears to closely match the pathway demonstrated at Hazen Labs. BV has subsequently completed the evaporation of a further 2,500kg of brine to provide harvest salts for further flotation and crystallisation testwork to refine the SOP production model and provide additional customer samples.

LAKE IRWIN

Geophysical Survey

A geophysical survey was completed at the Lake Irwin project. Atlas Geophysics were engaged to run a total of 15 geophysical transects across the Lake Irwin playa lake portion of the project area, orientated perpendicular to the inferred trunk paleochannel in order to map and confirm the paleochannel geometry. Transects were spaced up to 7 km apart with lengths between 4 and 25 km, and a combined length of about 200 km. Gravity data on all transects and passive seismic (Tromino) on six transects was collected at 200 m intervals across the project area. 

 

The geophysical data was processed and merged with available regional data by Core Geophysics, the final merged residual gravity data being used as the basis for interpretation. The trunk paleochannel aquifer has been confirmed to the east of the current lake surface and is up to 1000m wide, while there is thinner tributary beneath the northern lobe of the lake.

Lake Irwin Brine Evaporation Trial

After the successful process development testwork performed on Lake Wells brine, the Company engaged Bureau Veritas in Perth, to conduct a test evaporating brine at simulated average Lake Irwin site conditions. The aim of the BV trial was to monitor the chemical composition of the brine and salts produced through the evaporation process to establish:

· Types of product salts that may be produced through the natural solar evaporation path;

· Concentration thresholds in the brine chemistry which can be used to maximise the recovery of harvest salts and minimise the quantity of dilutive salts into a process plant; and

· The quantity and composition of SOP product salts for the plant feed in potential commercial production.

The preliminary test consisted of evaporation of 180L of brine (specifications in Table 3 below) at simulated Lake Irwin average weather conditions using infra-red lamps for temperature control and air flow across the brine surface provided by a fan.

K

(mg/L)

Mg

(mg/L)

SO4

(mg/L)

SOP

(kg/m3)

BV Evaporation Trial Feed Brine Chemistry *

2,700

4,300

17,700

6.013

* Note, this sample is potentially diluted by rainfall. The average K content of all previous Lake Irwin brine samples is approximately 3,310mg/L.

Table 3: Evaporation Trial Feed Brine Chemistry

 

The preliminary test consisted of evaporation of 180L of brine at simulated Lake Irwin average weather conditions using infra-red lamps for temperature control and air flow across the brine surface provided by a fan.

The trials consisted of two charges evaporated under identical conditions:

· Charge 1 - was 84kg of brine from which 1.9kg of potassium salts were harvested at an average SOP equivalent grade of 11.3% w/w.

· Charge 2 was 83kg of brine from which 2.2kg of potassium salts were harvested at an average SOP equivalent grade of 10.6% w/w.

Analytical and XRD analysis from the trial indicate that harvest salts collected from the trial are suitable for conversion into SOP. Simulation of evaporation pond sizing has begun and further investigations into processing requirements for production of SOP and other by-products are planned.

 

LAKE BALLARD 

A geophysical survey of Lake Ballard commenced during the quarter with the primary objectives of resolving the geometry of the paleovalley, and to define the position, depth and thickness of the paleochannel. Atlas Geophysics were engaged to run a total of 18 geophysical transects across the Lake Ballard playa lake portion of the project area, orientated perpendicular to the inferred trunk paleochannel in order to map and confirm the paleochannel geometry. Transect lengths are between 6 and 20km with a combined length of about 200km. Gravity data is being collected at 200m intervals on all transects as the deep paleochannel aquifer is inferred to be approximately 500m wide in the western portion of the lake. At the end of the quarter, 13 of the planned 18 transects were completed.

 

Competent Persons Statement

The information in this report that relates to Exploration Results, or Mineral Resources for Lake Wells is based on information compiled by Mr Ben Jeuken, who is a member Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Mr Jeuken is employed by Groundwater Science Pty Ltd, an independent consulting company. Mr Jeuken has sufficient experience, which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity, which he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the 'Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves'. Mr Jeuken consents to the inclusion in the report of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.

 

The information in this report that relates to Process Testwork Results is based on, and fairly represents, information compiled by Mr Bryn Jones, BAppSc (Chem), MEng (Mining) who is a Fellow of the AusIMM, a 'Recognised Professional Organisation' (RPO) included in a list promulgated by the ASX from time to time. Mr Jones is a consultant of Inception Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd. ("Inception"). Inception is engaged as a consultant by Salt Potash Limited. Mr Jones has sufficient experience, which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking, to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the 'Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves'. Mr Jones consents to the inclusion in the report of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.

Table 4 - Summary of Exploration and Mining Tenements

As at 31 December 2016, the Company holds interests in the following tenements:

 

Australian Projects:

Project

Status

Type of Change

License Number

Area (km2)

Term

Grant Date

Date of First Relinquish-ment

Interest (%)

1-Oct-16

Interest

 (%)

31-Dec-16

Western Australia

Lake Wells

Central

Granted

-

E38/2710

192.2

5 years

05-Sep-12

4-Sep-17

100%

100%

South

Granted

-

E38/2821

131.5

5 years

19-Nov-13

18-Nov-18

100%

100%

North

Granted

-

E38/2824

198.2

5 years

04-Nov-13

3-Nov-18

100%

100%

Outer East

Granted

-

E38/3055

298.8

5 years

16-Oct-15

16-Oct-20

100%

100%

Single Block

Granted

-

E38/3056

3.0

5 years

16-Oct-15

16-Oct-20

100%

100%

Outer West

Granted

-

E38/3057

301.9

5 years

16-Oct-15

16-Oct-20

100%

100%

North West

Granted

Granted

E38/3124

39.0

5 years

30-Nov-16

29-Nov-21

100%

100%

West

Application

Application Lodged

L38/262

113.0

-

-

-

-

100%

East

Application

Application Lodged

L38/263

28.6

-

-

-

-

100%

South West

Application

Application Lodged

L38/264

32.6

-

-

-

-

100%

Lake Ballard

West

Granted

-

E29/912

607.0

5 years

10-Apr-15

10-Apr-20

100%

100%

East

Granted

-

E29/913

73.2

5 years

10-Apr-15

10-Apr-20

100%

100%

North

Granted

-

E29/948

94.5

5 years

22-Sep-15

21-Sep-20

100%

100%

South

Granted

-

E29/958

30.0

5 years

20-Jan-16

19-Jan-21

100%

100%

South East

Application

Application Lodged

E29/1011

68.2

-

-

-

-

100%

Lake Irwin

West

Granted

-

E37/1233

203.0

5 years

08-Mar-16

07-Mar-21

100%

100%

Central

Granted

-

E39/1892

203.0

5 years

23-Mar-16

22-Mar-21

100%

100%

East

Granted

-

E38/3087

139.2

5 years

23-Mar-16

22-Mar-21

100%

100%

North

Granted

Granted

E37/1261

107.3

5 years

14-Oct-16

13-Oct-21

100%

100%

Central East

Granted

Granted

E38/3113

203.0

5 years

14-Oct-16

13-Oct-21

100%

100%

South

Granted

Granted

E39/1955

118.9

5 years

14-Oct-16

13-Oct-21

100%

100%

North West

Application

-

E37/1260

203.0

-

-

-

100%

100%

South West

Application

-

E39/1956

110.2

-

-

-

100%

100%

Lake Minigwal

West

Granted

-

E39/1893

246.2

5 years

01-Apr-16

31-Mar-21

100%

100%

East

Granted

-

E39/1894

158.1

5 years

01-Apr-16

31-Mar-21

100%

100%

Central

Granted

Granted

E39/1962

369.0

5 years

8-Nov-16

7-Nov-21

100%

100%

Central East

Granted

Granted

E39/1963

93.0

5 years

8-Nov-16

7-Nov-21

100%

100%

South

Granted

Granted

E39/1964

99.0

5 years

8-Nov-16

7-Nov-21

100%

100%

South West

Application

-

E39/1965

89.9

-

-

-

100%

100%

Lake Way

Central

Granted

Granted

E53/1878

217.0

5 years

12-Oct-16

11-Oct-21

100%

100%

South

Application

-

E53/1897

77.5

-

-

-

100%

100%

Lake Marmion

North

Application

-

E29/1000

167.4

-

-

-

100%

100%

Central

Application

-

E29/1001

204.6

-

-

-

100%

100%

South

Application

-

E29/1002

186.0

-

-

-

100%

100%

West

Application

Application Lodged

E29/1011

68.2

-

-

-

-

100%

South Australia

Lake Macfarlane

-

Relinquished

EL5702

816

-

-

-

100%

-

Island Lagoon

-

Relinquished

EL5726

978

-

-

-

100%

-

Northern Territory

Lake Lewis

South

Granted

-

EL 29787

146.4

6 year

08-Jul-13

7-Jul-19

100%

100%

North

Granted

-

EL 29903

125.1

6 year

21-Feb-14

20-Feb-19

100%

100%

Other Projects:

 

Location

Name

Resolution Number

Percentage Interest

USA - Colorado

C-SR-10

C-SR-10

80%

USA - Colorado

C-JD-5A

C-JD-5A

80%

USA - Colorado

C-SR-11A

C-SR-11A

80%

USA - Colorado

C-SR-15A

C-SR-15A

80%

USA - Colorado

C-SR-16

C-SR-16

80%

USA - Colorado

C-WM-17

C-WM-17

80%

USA - Colorado

C-LP-22A

C-LP-22A

80%

USA - Colorado

C-LP-23

C-LP-23

80%

 

 

APPENDIX 1 - LAKE WELLS DRILLHOLE AND TEST PIT LOCATION DATA

Hole_ID

Drilled Depth

 (m)

East

North

RL

Dip

Azimuth

(mAHD)

LWA049

125

538141

6991971

448.1

-90

0

LWA050

115

537941

6992011

441.5

-90

0

LWA051

135

538350

6991958

444.9

-90

0

LWA052

65

538570

6991962

441.5

-90

0

LWTB011

125

524435

7049780

441.5

-90

0

LWTT108

4

537055

6997725

-

-

-

LWTT109

4

537303

6997641

-

-

-

LWTT110

3.5

537545

6997619

-

-

-

LWTT111

2.8

537745

6997645

-

-

-

LWTT112

3.7

537935

6997717

-

-

-

LWTT113

2.7

538149

6997746

-

-

-

LWTT114

3.5

538360

6997733

-

-

-

LWTT115

3.4

538545

6997645

-

-

-

LWTT116

3.7

538729

6997511

-

-

-

LWTT118

3.8

539075

6997254

-

-

-

LWTT119

3.8

539245

6997057

-

-

-

LWTT119

3.8

539245

6997057

-

-

-

LWTT120

4

539377

6996876

-

-

-

LWTT121

4

539495

6996671

-

-

-

LWTT122

3.8

539589

6996442

-

-

-

LWTT123

3.5

539661

6996217

-

-

-

LWTT124

3

539715

6996002

-

-

-

LWTT125

4

539762

6995779

-

-

-

LWTT126

4

539796

6995525

-

-

-

LWTT127

4

539903

6995285

-

-

-

LWTT128

3.7

540064

6995142

-

-

-

LWTT129

3.8

540306

6995187

-

-

-

LWTT130

3.8

540500

6995350

-

-

-

LWTT131

3.5

540692

6995471

-

-

-

LWTT132

3.1

540922

6995561

-

-

-

LWTT133

3.3

541140

6995600

-

-

-

LWTT134

2.5

541357

6995668

-

-

-

LWTT135

4

541590

6995088

-

-

-

LWTT136

4

541781

6995552

-

-

-

LWTT137

4

541777

6995303

-

-

-

 

APPENDIX 2 - BRINE CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS

HOLE ID

From

 (m)

To

(m)

K

(kg/m3)

Cl

(kg/m3)

Na

(kg/m3)

Ca

(kg/m3)

Mg

(kg/m3)

SO4

(kg/m3)

TDS

(g/kg)

LWA049

17

17

2.860

117.000

68.300

0.774

6.070

16.700

241

LWA049

17

17

2.840

118.050

70.700

0.762

6.060

16.300

245

LWA049

23

23

2.900

119.150

73.500

0.705

6.280

17.100

247

LWA049

23

23

2.880

119.150

68.800

0.685

6.210

16.800

246

LWA049

29

29

2.880

119.850

72.900

0.694

6.250

16.400

251

LWA049

29

29

2.880

119.300

70.800

0.696

6.230

16.700

248

LWA049

101

101

2.820

116.650

69.800

0.708

6.080

15.700

243

LWA049

101

101

2.930

122.800

73.600

0.667

6.410

16.400

253

LWA049

113

113

3.030

127.350

73.200

0.637

6.580

16.900

262

LWA049

113

113

3.060

127.350

73.500

0.648

6.680

16.700

262

LWA049

119

119

3.040

127.200

77.200

0.681

6.690

17.200

266

LWA049

119

119

3.030

127.700

74.300

0.672

6.570

16.800

263

LWA049

125

125

3.140

130.350

79.500

0.626

6.790

17.600

274

LWA049

125

125

3.180

131.050

80.300

0.632

6.860

17.900

276

LWA050

11

11

2.260

91.450

57.500

0.890

5.030

15.600

193

LWA050

11

11

2.340

94.400

57.100

0.878

5.150

16.000

197

LWA050

17

17

2.640

103.350

63.200

0.687

5.760

16.800

214

LWA050

17

17

2.600

105.300

63.700

0.650

5.700

16.800

220

LWA050

47

47

3.040

119.650

71.600

0.674

6.110

16.400

248

LWA050

47

47

3.050

118.250

73.400

0.675

6.120

17.000

249

LWA050

95

95

3.270

132.600

78.500

0.646

6.730

17.900

273

LWA050

95

95

3.250

131.900

80.300

0.666

6.760

18.200

277

LWA050

101

101

3.380

139.100

83.100

0.623

7.050

18.300

290

LWA050

101

101

3.310

138.750

81.900

0.615

6.950

18.400

289

LWA050

114

114

3.390

139.950

81.800

0.600

7.050

18.100

291

LWA050

114

114

3.390

139.600

82.500

0.601

7.080

18.300

292

LWA051

17

17

3.240

131.400

77.100

0.654

7.140

16.400

272

LWA051

17

17

3.210

131.200

76.800

0.644

7.110

16.600

271

LWA051

23

23

3.120

126.150

74.500

0.628

6.650

15.700

259

LWA051

23

23

3.070

122.450

72.600

0.616

6.500

14.800

252

LWA051

120

120

3.220

136.300

78.700

0.570

7.150

18.300

283

LWA051

120

120

3.220

136.650

81.500

0.568

7.210

18.000

286

LWA051

132

132

2.470

103.550

62.800

0.458

5.470

13.800

212

LWA051

132

132

2.420

102.150

61.600

0.444

5.370

13.400

208

LWTB011

0

119

3.730

154.150

88.100

0.446

7.860

22.500

327

LWTB011

0

119

3.720

150.650

88.700

0.464

7.870

22.400

323

LWTT108

0

4

3.380

154300

84.000

0.532

8.480

19.800

314

LWTT109

0

4

3.210

154150

84.500

0.495

9.230

19.700

320

LWTT110

0

3.2

3.510

148750

87.600

0.547

7.540

18.600

314

LWTT111

0

2.8

3.670

154150

88.100

0.546

8.090

19.000

323

LWTT112

0

3.7

3.460

152.050

87.100

0.566

8.000

18.600

317

LWTT113

0

2.7

3.510

151.000

88.600

0.576

7.840

18.500

317

LWTT114

0

3.5

3.360

151.350

86.000

0.551

8.280

19.100

316

LWTT115

0

3.4

3.250

150.500

85.200

0.516

9.530

19.900

317

LWTT116

0

3.7

3.400

160.300

87.100

0.540

8.990

19.000

330

LWTT118

0

4

3.620

148.550

86.200

0.631

6.870

16.800

308

LWTT119

0

3.8

3.270

151.600

84.800

0.558

7.910

17.800

313

LWTT120

0

4

3.730

154.700

86.500

0.576

7.830

18.500

321

LWTT121

0

4

3.780

143.100

80.700

0.663

6.380

16.300

293

LWTT122

0

3.8

3.000

141.900

80.900

0.605

7.510

17.700

294

LWTT123

0

3.5

3.250

141.350

83.400

0.620

7.270

17.600

296

LWTT125

0

4

3.250

142.500

81.600

0.641

7.090

16.300

294

LWTT126

0

4

3.270

142.600

80.300

0.660

6.950

15.900

291

LWTT127

0

4

3.380

139.250

76.800

0.715

5.680

14.400

278

LWTT128

0

3.7

3.280

126.650

72.400

0.685

5.830

15.300

258

LWTT129

0

3.8

4.150

129.800

82.600

0.751

5.670

14.100

276

LWTT130

0

3.8

2.500

93.350

53.500

0.792

3.820

10.700

183

LWTT131

0

3.5

3.130

113.700

67.900

0.746

4.420

11.900

229

LWTT132

0

3.1

4.400

151.700

89.100

0.685

5.530

14.400

313

LWTT133

0

3.3

4.840

153.100

89.800

0.670

5.920

14.900

317

LWTT134

0

2.5

4.310

147.850

86.200

0.783

5.280

13.900

302

LWTT135

0

4

2.960

91.450

55.600

1.060

3.400

13.400

187

LWTT136

0

4

3.950

136.100

87.200

0.565

7.700

17.300

298

LWTT137

0

4

3.360

147.500

81.900

0.463

9.380

19.700

308

 

APPENDIX 3 - JORC TABLE ONE

Section 1: Sampling Techniques and Data

Criteria

JORC Code explanation

Commentary

Sampling techniques

Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random chips, or specific specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling.

Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used.

Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public Report.

In cases where 'industry standard' work has been done this would be relatively simple (eg 'reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay'). In other cases more explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types (eg submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed information.

Geological samples were obtained from buckets below the cyclone during aircore drilling. Brine samples were obtained during aircore drilling from the cyclone when airlifting at the end of each drill rod. Airlifts were completed on minimum air and sampling took place following stabilisation of flow approximately between 2 and 10mins from start of airlift.

 

 

Drilling techniques

Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc).

Non-face discharge vacuum aircore drilling at 138mm diameter.All holes vertical.

 

Drill sample recovery

Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and results assessed.

Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure representative nature of the samples. Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material.

Geological sample recovery when aircore drilling was through the cyclone and of excellent quality. Drill rates were slowed to ensure a clean sample was produced and that contamination was minimised. Cuttings were recovered by placing a clean bucket under the cycloneBrine samples were obtained following stabilisation of flow approximately between 2 and 10mins from start of airlift.

 

Logging

Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical studies.

Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, channel, etc) photography.

The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged.

All drill holes were geologically logged qualitatively by a qualified geologist, noting in particular moisture content of sediments, lithology, colour, induration, grainsize and shape, matrix and structural observations. Flow rate data from airlifting was logged to note water inflow zones.

 

Sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation

If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken.

If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and whether sampled wet or dry.

For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the sample preparation technique.

Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise representivity of samples.

Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in situ material collected, including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half sampling.

Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being sampled.

Brine samples were obtained during aircore drilling from the cyclone when airlifting at the end of each drill rod.

Sample bottles are rinsed with brine which is discarded prior to sampling.

All brine samples taken in the field are split into two sub-samples: primary and duplicate. Reference samples were analysed at a separate laboratory for QA/QC.

Representative chip trays and bulk lithological samples are kept for records.

 

Quality of assay data and laboratory tests

The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or total.

For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc.

Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards, blanks, duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (ie lack of bias) and precision have been established.

Primary samples were sent to Bureau Veritas Minerals Laboratory, Perth.

Brine samples were analysed using ICP-AES for K, Na, Mg, Ca, with chloride determined by Mohr titration and alkalinity determined volumetrically. Sulphate was calculated from the ICP-AES sulphur analysis.

· Reference standard solutions were sent to Bureau Veritas Minerals Laboratory to check accuracy..

Verification of sampling and assaying

The verification of significant intersections by either independent or alternative company personnel.

The use of twinned holes.

Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols.

Discuss any adjustment to assay data.

Data entry is done in the field to minimise transposition errors.

Brine assay results are received from the laboratory in digital format, these data sets are subject to the quality control described above. All laboratory results are entered in to the company's database and validation completed.

Independent verification of significant intercepts was not considered warranted given the relatively consistent nature of the brine.

Location of data points

Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation.

Specification of the grid system used.

Quality and adequacy of topographic control.

Hole co-ordinates were captured using hand held GPS.

Coordinates were provided in GDA 94_MGA Zone 51.

Topographic control is obtained using Geoscience Australia's 1-second digital elevation product.

 

Data spacing and distribution

Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results.

Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied.

Whether sample compositing has been applied.

Drill hole spacing is shown on the attached map and varies due to irregular access along the lake edge.

Orientation of data in relation to geological structure

Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible structures and the extent to which this is known, considering the deposit type.

If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if material.

All drill holes and pits were vertical. Geological structure is considered to be flat lying.

 

Sample security

The measures taken to ensure sample security.

All brine samples were marked and kept onsite before transport to the laboratory.

All remaining sample and duplicates are stored in the Perth office in climate-controlled conditions.

Chain of Custody system is maintained.

Audits or reviews

The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data.

Data review is summarised in Quality of assay data, laboratory tests and Verification of sampling and assaying. No audits were undertaken.

 

 

 

 

Section 2: Reporting of Exploration Results

Criteria

JORC Code explanation

Commentary

Mineral tenement and land tenure status

Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests, historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental settings.

The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the area.

 

Tenements drilled were granted exploration licences 38/2710, 38/2821, 38/2824, 38/3055, 38/3056 and 38/3057 in Western Australia.

Exploration Licenses are held by Piper Preston Pty Ltd (fully owned subsidiary of ASLP).

Exploration done by other parties

Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties.

No other known exploration has occurred on the Exploration Licenses.

Geology

Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation.

Salt Lake Brine Deposit

Drill hole Information

A summary of all information material to the understanding of the exploration results including a tabulation of the following information for all Material drill holes:

o easting and northing of the drill hole collar

o elevation or RL (Reduced Level - elevation above sea level in metres) of the drill hole collar

o dip and azimuth of the hole

o down hole length and interception depth

o hole length.

If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from the understanding of the report, the Competent Person should clearly explain why this is the case.

Details are presented in the report.

Data aggregation methods

In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (eg cutting of high grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material and should be stated.

Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high grade results and longer lengths of low grade results, the procedure used for such aggregation should be stated and some typical examples of such aggregations should be shown in detail.

The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values should be clearly stated.

Within the salt lake extent no low grade cut-off or high grade capping has been implemented.

 

Relationship between mineralisation widths and intercept lengths

These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of Exploration Results.

If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole angle is known, its nature should be reported.

If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there should be a clear statement to this effect (eg 'down hole length, true width not known').

The unit is flat lying and drill holes are vertical hence the intersected downhole depth is equivalent to the inferred thickness of mineralisation.

 

Diagrams

Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being reported These should include, but not be limited to a plan view of drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional views.

Addressed in the announcement.

Balanced reporting

Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not practicable, representative reporting of both low and high grades and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Exploration Results.

All results have been included.

Other substantive exploration data

Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be reported including (but not limited to): geological observations; geophysical survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples - size and method of treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating substances.

Gravity survey was completed by Atlas Geophysics using a Hi Target V100 GNSS receiver for accurate positioning and CG-5 Digital Automated Gravity Meter.

Gravity data was gained using the contractors rapid acquisition, high accuracy UTV borne techniques. The company's own in-house reduction and QA software was used to reduce the data on a daily basis to ensure quality and integrity. All gravity meters were calibrated pre and post survey and meter drift rates were monitored daily. 3 to 5 % of the stations are repeated for quality control.

Western Geophysics were engaged to manage and process the gravity survey. Processing the survey involved reducing the gravity data and integrating to the regional data to a residual anomaly which shows there is a semi-continuous distinct residual gravity low of negative 2 to 2.5 milligals present along eastern to central areas to the entire tenement area.

Further work

The nature and scale of planned further work (eg tests for lateral extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling).

Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, including the main geological interpretations and future drilling areas, provided this information is not commercially sensitive.

Exploration aircore drilling to further define the paleochannel aquifer depth and geometry. Installation of monitoring bores.

Further test production bores to be constructed and test pumping completed to determine, aquifer properties, expected production rates and infrastructure design (trench and bore size and spacing).

Numerical hydrogeological modelling to be completed that incorporates the results of the test pumping. The model will be the basis of the annual brine abstraction rate and mine life.

 

 

 

 

For further information please visit www.saltlakepotash.com.au or contact:

Matthew Syme/Sam Cordin

Salt Lake Potash Limited

Tel: +61 8 9322 6322

Colin Aaronson/Richard Tonthat/Daniel Bush

Grant Thornton UK LLP (Nominated Adviser)

Tel: +44 (0) 207 383 5100

Nick Tulloch/Beth McKiernan

Cenkos Securities plc (Broker)

Tel: +44 (0) 131 220 6939

 

The information contained within this announcement is considered to be inside information, for the purposes of Article 7 of EU Regulation 596/2014, prior to its release.

This information is provided by RNS
The company news service from the London Stock Exchange
 
END
 
 
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